Technical Sciences Grade 10 P2 November Mock 2026 Memo (Eng)

hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 10 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 TECHNICAL SCIENCES P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 8 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines GENERAL MARKING GUIDELINES 1. Calculations: Marks are awarded for the correct substitution and the correct final answer WITH the correct unit, as indicated by the ticks (✓). 2. Units: Penalise an omitted or incorrect unit only ONCE per question. 3. Names and formulae: Award 2 marks for a fully correct name or formula. Award 1 mark if the correct ions/elements are identified but the ratio (subscripts) or the Roman numeral is incorrect. Accept Cℓ or Cl. 4. Equations: Award marks as indicated. Ignore phases. Accept multiples of the coefficients (e.g. 4H2 + 2O2 → 4H2 O), but NOT fractions in 8.2. 5. Definitions: Accept equivalent wording that conveys the same meaning. Where key words are underlined, deduct 1 mark for EACH key word or phrase that is omitted. 6. Negative marking: If a candidate must explain a choice and the choice is incorrect, no marks are awarded for the explanation. 7. Lists: Where a specific number of answers is asked for, mark only the FIRST answers given, up to the number asked for. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 1 1.1 B ✓✓ (2) 1.2 B ✓✓ (2) 1.3 C ✓✓ (2) 1.4 D ✓✓ (2) 1.5 A ✓✓ (2) 1.6 C ✓✓ (2) 1.7 B ✓✓ (2) 1.8 D ✓✓ (2) 1.9 D ✓✓ (2) 1.10 A ✓✓ (2) [20] QUESTION 2 2.1 A substance that consists of only one type of particle (only one element or only one compound). ✓✓ (2) 2.2 A pure substance consisting of two or more different elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio. ✓✓ (2) 2.3.1 Copper (wire) ✓; oxygen (gas) ✓ (2) 2.3.2 Any TWO: Carbon dioxide / sugar (sucrose) / distilled water ✓✓ (2) 2.3.3 Any TWO: Air / salt water / brass ✓✓ (2) 2.4 HOMOGENEOUS ✓ The composition is the same (uniform) throughout / the salt particles cannot be seen / only one phase is visible. ✓ (2) 2.5.1 Use a magnet to attract (pull out) the iron filings. ✓ (1) 2.5.2 Add water to the mixture and stir to DISSOLVE the salt. ✓ FILTER the mixture: the sand remains on the filter paper (residue). ✓ EVAPORATE the water from the filtrate (salt solution) to obtain the salt crystals. ✓ (3) [16] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3 3.1.1 Type of material (of the rod) ✓ (1) 3.1.2 Current (ammeter reading) / brightness of the bulb / electrical conductivity ✓ (1) 3.1.3 Any ONE: Length of the rod / thickness of the rod / same cell (battery) / same bulb / same circuit ✓ (1) 3.2 Which materials conduct electricity (best)? OR How does the type of material affect the current in the circuit? ✓✓ 1 mark for the independent and dependent variables; 1 mark for phrasing it as a question. (2) 3.3 Copper ✓ (1) 3.4 Copper: METAL ✓ Aluminium: METAL ✓ Silicon: METALLOID ✓ Sulphur: NON-METAL ✓ (4) 3.5 Carbon ✓ (1) 3.6 Any TWO: Shiny (lustrous) / malleable / ductile / good thermal conductors / high melting points / high density / sonorous ✓✓ (2) 3.7 Any TWO: It is a very good electrical conductor (low resistance) / it is ductile – can be drawn into thin wires / it does not corrode easily / it is flexible ✓✓ (2) 3.8 Any ONE: Computer chips (microchips) / solar cells (panels) / transistors / diodes / integrated circuits ✓ (1) 3.9 Plastic is an electrical INSULATOR (does not conduct electricity). ✓ It prevents the electrician from getting an electric shock. ✓ (2) [18] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4 4.1 A material that allows heat (thermal energy) to pass through it easily. ✓✓ (2) 4.2.1 Copper ✓ Its drawing pin fell off first / in the shortest time (45 s). ✓ (2) 4.2.2 To make it a fair test / only the type of material must change (they are controlled variables). ✓ (1) 4.3 Metals are good thermal conductors, so heat is transferred quickly to the food. ✓ Wood/plastic are thermal insulators, so the handles stay cool and the cook does not get burnt. ✓ (2) 4.4 Glass wool is a (good) thermal insulator / traps air, which is a poor conductor. ✓ It reduces the heat lost from the house through the ceiling and roof. ✓ (2) 4.5 (a) YES ✓ (b) NO ✓ (c) YES ✓ (d) NO ✓ (4) 4.6 Any ONE: Electromagnets in scrapyard cranes / separating iron and steel from waste (recycling) / compasses / loudspeakers / electric motors / generators / fridge door seals / MRI machines ✓ (1) [14] QUESTION 5 5.1 Protons ✓ and neutrons ✓ (2) 5.2 The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. ✓✓ (2) 5.3.1 Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. ✓✓ (2) 5.3.2 (a) 17 ✓ (b) 18 ✓ (c) 17 ✓ (d) 17 ✓ (e) 20 ✓ (f) 17 ✓ (6) 5.3.3 The relative atomic mass is the (weighted) AVERAGE mass of the isotopes of chlorine ✓, taking into account the percentage (abundance) of each isotope found in nature. ✓ (2) 5.4.1 10 ✓ (1) 5.4.2 CATION ✓ (1) 5.4.3 The magnesium atom LOSES ✓ TWO electrons (its two valence electrons). ✓ (2) 5.5.1 26 + 30 = 56 ✓ (1) 5.5.2 Iron ✓ (1) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 6 6.1 The electrons in the outermost (highest) energy level of an atom. ✓✓ (2) 6.2 Energy ↑↓ ↑ ↑ 2p 2s ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ Criteria: Correct number of electrons (8) ✓; 1s, 2s and 2p sublevels in the correct order of increasing energy ✓; Hund’s rule and Pauli principle applied – two single electrons in separate 2p orbitals, paired electrons have opposite spins ✓. (3) 6.3.1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 ✓✓ 1 mark for 1s2 2s2 2p6 ; 1 mark for 3s2 3p1 . (2) 6.3.2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 ✓✓ If 3p5 (chlorine atom) is given: 1/2. (2) 6.4.1 3✓ (1) 6.4.2 10 ✓ (1) 6.5 Group 13 (III) ✓; Period 3 ✓ (2) 6.6 Alkali metals ✓ (1) 6.7 Argon has a FULL outer energy level (8 valence electrons / stable octet). ✓ It does not need to lose, gain or share electrons. ✓ (2) 6.8 Both are in Group 1 ✓ and have ONE valence electron in their outer energy level (which they lose easily). ✓ (2) [18] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 7 7.1 A negatively charged ion / an atom (or group of atoms) that has gained electrons. ✓✓ (2) 7.2.1 Sodium ✓ sulphate ✓ (2) 7.2.2 Ammonium ✓ chloride ✓ (2) 7.2.3 Copper(II) ✓ oxide ✓ Accept cupric oxide. Copper oxide without (II): 1/2. (2) 7.3.1 CaCℓ2 ✓✓ (2) 7.3.2 K2 O ✓✓ (2) 7.3.3 Fe(NO3 )3 ✓✓ Correct ions but incorrect ratio or brackets omitted (e.g. FeNO3 ): 1/2. (2) 7.3.4 (NH4 )2 SO4 ✓✓ Correct ions but incorrect ratio or brackets omitted (e.g. NH4 SO4 ): 1/2. (2) 7.4 Cation: Aℓ3+ ✓ Anion: Cℓ– ✓ (2) [18] QUESTION 8 8.1 In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products (mass is neither created nor destroyed). ✓✓ (2) 8.2.1 2H2 + O2 → 2H2 O ✓✓ (2) 8.2.2 4Aℓ + 3O2 → 2Aℓ2 O3 ✓✓ (2) 8.2.3 CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2 O ✓✓ (2) 8.3 6✓ (1) 8.4 Mg + 2HCℓ → MgCℓ2 + H2 Reactants (Mg, HCℓ) ✓ Products (MgCℓ2 , H2 ) ✓ Balancing ✓ (3) [12] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 9 9.1 Heat is the energy that is transferred from a hotter object to a colder object ✓ (because of a temperature difference); it is measured in joules (J). ✓ Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is / a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles ✓; it is measured in ◦ C or K (with a thermometer). ✓ (4) 9.2.1 T = 37 + 273 ✓ T = 310 K ✓ (2) 9.2.2 t = 77 – 273 ✓ t = –196 ◦ C ✓ (2) 9.3 Any ONE: Clinical thermometer / digital (electronic) thermometer / infrared (ear or forehead) thermometer ✓ (1) 9.4.1 80 Temperature (◦ C) 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time (min) Criteria: Both axes labelled correctly WITH units (temperature on the y-axis, time on the x-axis) ✓; appropriate scale – graph uses more than half of the grid ✓; ALL points plotted correctly ✓; straight line (of best fit) drawn through the points ✓. (4) 9.4.2 50 ◦ C ✓ (accept 49 – 51 ◦ C, or the value read from the candidate’s graph) (1) [14] TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved