Geography Grade 11 P1 November Mock Exam 2 2026 Memo (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 11 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 9 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines NOTE TO MARKERS: • Accept alternative answers that are correct and relevant to the question, even if not listed. • A mark is allocated for each correct fact. For (2 x 2) questions, award 2 marks per complete, well-explained point. • Paragraph questions (approximately EIGHT lines): assess the quality and relevance of the response. • For calculations, follow the steps indicated. Measurements were taken on the A3 map sheet printed at 100%; accept answers within the given ranges. SECTION A QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE 1.1 1.1.1 Z (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.1.2 Y (1) 1.1.3 Y (1) 1.1.4 Z (1) 1.1.5 Y (1) 1.1.6 Z (1) 1.1.7 Y (1) 1.1.8 Z (1) 1.2 1.2.1 B (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.2.2 A (1) 1.2.3 B (1) 1.2.4 C (1) 1.2.5 A (1) 1.2.6 D (1) 1.2.7 B (1) 1.3.1 4 hPa (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 1 020 hPa (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 South Atlantic High (St Helena High) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 A high-pressure cell (Kalahari High) is located over the interior (1) (2 x 1) (2) A cold front is approaching/affecting the south-western Cape (1) The high-pressure cells are positioned further north (at about 30◦ S) (1) The high-pressure cells are strong (1 028–1 032 hPa) (1) Mid-latitude cyclone/cold front lies close to the southern tip of South Africa (1) [ANY TWO] 1.3.5 (a) 19 ◦ C (1) (4 x 1) (4) (b) 11 ◦ C (1) (c) 6/8 (6 oktas; three-quarters of the sky covered) (1) (d) North-east (NE) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3.6 Q: the isobars are close together, so the pressure gradient is steep (2 x 2) (4) and the winds are strong (2) R: the isobars are far apart, so the pressure gradient is gentle and the winds are light/calm (2) (Both Q and R must be addressed) 1.3.7 Sinking (subsiding) air warms and dries, so no clouds form and the (1 x 2) (2) sky is clear (2) Without cloud cover, terrestrial (long-wave) radiation escapes rapidly into space at night, so temperatures drop sharply (2) Dry air holds little water vapour to absorb outgoing heat (2) [ANY ONE] 1.4.1 A warm, dry wind that blows down the leeward side of a mountain (1 x 2) (2) range after air has lost its moisture on the windward side (2) 1.4.2 Berg winds (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 W to condensation level (0–1 000 m) at the DALR: 22 − 10 = 12 ◦ C (2 x 1) (2) (1) Condensation level to Y (1 000–3 000 m) at the wet adiabatic lapse rate: 12 − (2 × 6) = 0 ◦ C (1) 1.4.4 Descent from 3 000 m to 500 m = 2 500 m at the DALR: (2 x 1) (2) 2,5 × 10 = 25 ◦ C increase (1) Temperature at Z = 0 + 25 = 25 ◦ C (1) (CA from QUESTION 1.4.3) 1.4.5 The hot, dry air dries out the vegetation, so veld and forest fires (4 x 2) (8) start and spread rapidly (2); fires destroy homes, plantations, grazing and infrastructure (2); people and animals are injured or killed (2); plants wilt and crops are damaged, lowering yields (2); the low humidity increases evaporation, so dams and soils lose water (2); strong, gusty winds cause dust storms and soil erosion (2); people experience heat stress, dehydration and breathing (respiratory) problems (2); smoke and dust reduce air quality and visibility (2); natural habitats are destroyed and biodiversity is lost (2); the demand for water and electricity (cooling) increases (2) [ANY FOUR] 1.5.1 The degradation of land in arid and semi-arid areas into desert-like (1 x 2) (2) conditions as a result of climatic changes and human activities (2) 1.5.2 ‘the number of animals has grown far beyond what the land can (2 x 1) (2) carry’ (overgrazing) (1) ‘trees along the stream have been cut down for firewood and fencing’ (deforestation) (1) 1.5.3 ‘summer rains have become less reliable’ (1) (1 x 1) (1) ‘dry spells (are) longer’ (1) Hot, windy months (1) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5.4 The number of livestock units increased from 14 to 31 per km2 , far (1 x 2) (2) above the carrying capacity of 15, so the grass cover was eaten and trampled, leaving bare soil exposed to wind and water erosion; bare land increased from 9% to 38% (2) (Must refer to data from the table for full marks) 1.5.5 Food shortages/hunger and malnutrition as crops and livestock fail (2 x 2) (4) (2) Loss of income and an increase in poverty (2) Young people migrate to the cities, so families are separated and the village loses its workforce (2) Water shortages for household use (2) Dust causes health (respiratory) problems (2) Conflict over the remaining grazing land and water (2) Loss of traditional way of life/culture of livestock farming (2) [ANY TWO] 1.5.6 Reduce the number of livestock to the carrying capacity of the land (2 x 2) (4) (2) Practise rotational grazing/fence off camps so that the veld can recover (2) Plant trees and grass (afforestation/re-vegetation) to bind the soil (2) Use alternative energy sources (e.g. solar cookers, gas) instead of firewood (2) Build stone lines/gabions and contour ploughing to slow runoff and trap soil (2) Harvest and store rainwater; remove silt from dams (2) Educate the community about sustainable land use (2) [ANY TWO] [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 2.1.1 Z (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.1.2 Y (1) 2.1.3 Z (1) 2.1.4 Z (1) 2.1.5 Y (1) 2.1.6 Z (1) 2.1.7 Y (1) 2.1.8 Z (1) 2.2 2.2.1 A (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2.2 C (1) 2.2.3 B (1) 2.2.4 A (1) 2.2.5 B (1) 2.2.6 D (1) 2.2.7 B (1) 2.3.1 Cuesta basin (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Cuesta (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Away from the centre (outwards) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.4 B: Scarp slope (1) (2 x 1) (2) C: Dip slope (1) 2.3.5 Rock layers were folded/warped downwards into a basin (syncline) (2 x 2) (4) so that they dip towards the centre (2) Weathering and erosion removed the softer rock layers more rapidly (2) The resistant layers were left as ridges (cuestas) in rings around the basin (2) The scarp slopes face outwards and the dip slopes face towards the centre (2) [ANY TWO] 2.3.6 Water seeps into permeable layers and flows down the dip slopes (3 x 2) (6) towards the centre, so groundwater/boreholes (artesian water) are available (2) Rivers drain towards the centre, providing water for irrigation and domestic use (2) Weathered material washed down the dip slopes forms fertile soils in the centre, good for farming (2) The gentle dip slopes and the flat centre are easy to build on and suitable for settlements, roads and agriculture (2) The surrounding ridges protect the centre against strong winds (2) The ridges are a source of building material (quarrying) and offer scenic views for tourism (2) [ANY THREE] 2.4.1 A pile of rounded (weathered) blocks of massive igneous rock, (1 x 2) (2) usually granite, standing above the surrounding land (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4.2 Rock: granite (1) (2 x 1) (2) Intrusion: batholith (1) 2.4.3 Regolith (weathered rock material/grus) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.4 Chemical weathering attacks the blocks from all sides along the (1 x 2) (2) joints, so the corners and edges, which have the largest surface area, are weathered fastest and become rounded (spheroidal weathering) (2) 2.4.5 Granite forms deep underground in a batholith and is exposed (4 x 2) (8) when the overlying rock is removed (2); pressure release causes vertical and horizontal joints to develop in the granite (2); water seeps into the joints below the surface (2); chemical weathering takes place along the joints, where the joints are closely spaced the rock is weathered most (2); the edges and corners of the blocks are rounded, forming corestones surrounded by regolith (2); erosion (by water/wind) removes the loose regolith (2); the resistant corestones are left on the surface as a pile of rounded boulders (a tor) (2); mechanical weathering (e.g. temperature changes) continues to break down the exposed blocks (2) [ANY FOUR] 2.5.1 Mudflow (1) (1 x 1) (1) (Accept mudslide) 2.5.2 Rapid (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 ‘trees on the slope had been cut down for firewood and building (3 x 1) (3) material’ (1) ‘houses had been built on terraces cut into the slope’ (1) ‘water from leaking pipes and blocked drains flowed onto the slope’ (1) 2.5.4 Tree roots no longer bind the soil, so the slope material lost its (2 x 2) (4) strength/cohesion (2) Without a canopy there is no interception, so more rain reached the ground directly (2) More water infiltrated, so the soil became saturated and the pore water reduced friction (acted as a lubricant) (2) Trees no longer took up water (transpiration), so the soil stayed waterlogged (2) The saturated soil became heavier, so gravity overcame the resistance of the material on the steep slope (2) [ANY TWO] 2.5.5 Informal settlements are often built on steep, unstable land that is (1 x 2) (2) not suitable for building (2) Houses are built without proper foundations, drainage or retaining walls (2) Residents remove vegetation for fuel and building material (2) There is no planning/monitoring by the municipality (2) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5.6 Relocate people from the most dangerous slopes (2) (2 x 2) (4) Replant trees and grass to bind the soil (2) Install proper stormwater drainage and repair leaking pipes (2) Build retaining walls/gabions and terraces (2) Reduce the slope angle (benching) (2) Prevent building on steep slopes through zoning/by-laws (2) Install early-warning systems and monitor rainfall and slope movement (2) Educate residents about the risks (2) [ANY TWO] [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1.1 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 8,8 cm × 0,5 km (1) (range 8,7 – 8,9 cm) (2 x 1) (2) = 4,4 km (1) (range 4,35 – 4,45 km) 3.1.3 29◦ 27′ 43′′ S (1) (range 29◦ 27′ 40′′ – 46′′ S) (2 x 1) (2) 30◦ 15′ 31′′ E (1) (range 30◦ 15′ 28′′ – 34′′ E) (Both degrees and minutes must be correct; S and E must be indicated) 3.1.4 VI = 1 163,0 − 738 = 425 m (1) (4 x 1) (4) HE = 5,6 cm × 500 = 2 800 m (1) (range 5,5 – 5,7 cm; 2 750 – 2 850 m) 425 Gradient = (1) (correct substitution) 2 800 = 1 : 6,6 (1) (range 1 : 6,5 – 1 : 6,7) 3.1.5 Difference in years: 2026 − 2012 = 14 years (1) (3 x 1) (3) Total change: 14 × 2′ = 28′ west (1) Magnetic declination 2026: 25◦ 25′ + 28′ = 25◦ 53′ west of true north (1) 3.2.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 The slopes are steep (closely spaced contour lines), which makes (2 x 2) (4) ploughing and the use of machinery difficult (2) Soils on steep slopes are thin and easily eroded if the natural cover is removed; trees bind the soil (2) Trees can grow on steep slopes and poor soils where crops cannot (2) The high (summer) rainfall of the Midlands is suitable for forestry (2) The higher altitude (above 1 200 m) is cooler with frost, which limits crops (2) [ANY TWO] 3.2.3 Contour lines are very close together on both sides of the river (1) (1 x 1) (1) (Accept: the river is shown far below the surrounding spot heights, e.g. 1 030 m) 3.2.4 Rockfall (1) (1 x 1) (1) Landslide (1) Mudflow (1) Slump (1) [ANY ONE] 3.2.5 The valley sides are very steep, so gravity easily pulls material (1 x 2) (2) downslope (2) Heavy summer rain saturates the soil and adds weight, reducing friction (2) The river undercuts the base of the slopes (2) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.6 The softer rock below the resistant layer is eroded more quickly, so (1 x 2) (2) the resistant layer forms a ledge (lip) from which the water drops vertically (2) 3.2.7 Perennial rivers (e.g. the Mgeni/Karkloof River) (1) (1 x 1) (1) Many dams/perennial water bodies (1) Woodland (forestry plantations) (1) Marshes/vleis (1) [ANY ONE] 3.3.1 (a) Point (1) (2 x 1) (2) (b) Polygon (1) 3.3.2 A set of related spatial data of one theme (e.g. roads, rivers, (1 x 2) (2) contours or buildings) that is stored separately and can be placed on top of other layers in a GIS (2) 3.3.3 Height (1 329,7 m) (1) (1 x 1) (1) Number of the station (47) (1) Name/use (Lookout Tower) (1) [ANY ONE] 3.3.4 Raster (1) (1 x 1) (1) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved