Geography Grade 11 P1 November Mock Exam 2 2026 QP (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 11 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 15 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections. SECTION A QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE (60) QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY (60) SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) 2. Answer ALL THREE questions. 3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. 4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered. 5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list. 10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa, 14 ◦ C and 45 m. 11. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 12. You may use a magnifying glass. 13. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. A 1 : 50 000 topographical map extract of 2930AC and AD HOWICK and a 1 : 10 000 orthophoto map extract (2930AC 25 HOWICK) of a part of the mapped area are provided on one A3 sheet, supplied with this mock as Geography Gr11 P1 Mock 2026 Map (2930AC Howick). Map extracts: Chief Directorate: National Geo-spatial Information. Print it on A3 paper at 100% (actual size). 15. The area demarcated in RED on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. 16. Ignore the letters and numbers already printed on the maps (F, G, H, I and 8 to 11). They are NOT used in this question paper. 17. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION A QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE 1.1 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.1.1 The movement of the earth around Y rotation the sun, which takes about 365 14 Z revolution days, is called … 1.1.2 On 21 June the midday sun is Y Tropic of Cancer directly overhead at the … Z Tropic of Capricorn 1.1.3 The day in the year with the longest Y summer solstice period of daylight in the southern Z equinox hemisphere is the … 1.1.4 When the sun’s rays strike the Y higher earth’s surface at a low (oblique) Z lower angle, the insolation per unit area is … 1.1.5 Areas between the poles and Y deficit approximately 38◦ latitude lose Z surplus more energy than they receive and have an energy … 1.1.6 The ocean current that flows Y Benguela southwards along the east coast Z Agulhas of South Africa is the … Current. 1.1.7 Cold ocean currents … the air Y cool and stabilise above them, so that little rain falls Z heat and on the adjacent coast. destabilise 1.1.8 The low-pressure zone near the Y polar front equator where the trade winds of Z ITCZ the two hemispheres meet is the … (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2 Refer to the sketch below showing the global pressure belts and planetary winds. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.8 D. L N 60◦ N 4 H 30◦ N L 1 0◦ 2 H 30◦ S L 3 60◦ S [Source: Examiner’s own sketch] 1.2.1 The pressure belt at 1 is the … A subtropical high-pressure belt. B equatorial low-pressure belt. C subpolar low-pressure belt. D polar high-pressure belt. 1.2.2 The planetary winds at 2 are the … A south-east trade winds. B north-east trade winds. C north-westerlies. D polar easterlies. 1.2.3 The winds at 2 blow from the subtropical high-pressure belt to the equator because of the … A Coriolis force. B pressure gradient force. C frictional force. D gravitational force of the moon. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2.4 The planetary winds at 4 are deflected to the right because they are … A in the southern hemisphere. B blowing over the oceans. C in the northern hemisphere. D blowing towards a high-pressure belt. 1.2.5 The low-pressure belt at 3 forms where … A warm, moist westerlies meet cold polar easterlies. B the north-east and south-east trade winds converge. C cold, dense air sinks over the poles. D air from the Hadley cell descends. 1.2.6 The circulation cell between 30◦ S and 60◦ S is the … cell. A Hadley B Walker C polar D Ferrel 1.2.7 In July the pressure and wind belts shift northwards because the … A earth rotates faster in winter. B overhead sun is at the Tropic of Cancer. C ocean currents change direction. (7 x 1) (7) D southern hemisphere has more land than the northern hemisphere. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.3 Refer to the synoptic weather map of South Africa below. N R P 1 024 H 1 024 B X 1 024 1 028 A H 1 032 H 1 028 Weather station X Indian Ocean 19 C 1 016 1 012 Atlantic Ocean 11 Q 1 004 [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (simplified)] 1.3.1 Determine the isobaric interval used on the synoptic weather map. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Give the air pressure of the isobar at P. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Name the high-pressure cell at A. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 Give TWO pieces of evidence from the synoptic weather map that it represents winter conditions. (2 x 1) (2) 1.3.5 Refer to weather station X. State the: (a) Air temperature (b) Dew-point temperature (c) Cloud cover (d) Wind direction (4 x 1) (4) 1.3.6 Compare the pressure gradient at Q with the pressure gradient at R, and explain how it will influence the wind speed at each place. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.7 Explain why the interior of South Africa under the influence of high-pressure cell B will experience cold, clear nights. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.4 Refer to the sketch below showing the development of a Föhn wind. height (m) Dry adiabatic lapse rate: 10 ◦ C per 1 000 m summit: 3 000 m Y Wet (saturated) adiabatic lapse rate: 6 ◦ C per 1 000 m 3 000 windward side leeward side 2 000 condensation level (1 000 m) 1 000 sea level, 22 ◦ C 500 m Z W 0 sea [Source: Examiner’s own sketch] 1.4.1 Define the term Föhn wind. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.2 What name is given to Föhn-type winds that blow from the interior plateau towards the coast of South Africa? (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 The air at W is 22 ◦ C. Calculate the temperature of the air when it reaches the summit at Y. Show ALL calculations. (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.4 Calculate the temperature of the air when it reaches Z on the leeward side. Show ALL calculations. (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the negative impact of hot, dry Föhn-type winds on people and the natural environment along the coast of South Africa. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.5 Read the extract and study the table below on desertification in a rural district. THE SAND IS WINNING Thirty years ago the grasslands around the village supported large herds of cattle and goats. Today patches of bare, sandy soil stretch between the homesteads. Elders say the summer rains have become less reliable and the dry spells longer. At the same time the number of animals has grown far beyond what the land can carry, and trees along the stream have been cut down for firewood and fencing. During the hot, windy months before the rains, the topsoil blows away in dust clouds and the few remaining dams fill with silt. Many young people have left for the cities to look for work. Year 2005 2015 2025 Livestock units per km2 14 22 31 Recommended carrying capacity (livestock units per km2 ) 15 15 15 Area of bare (degraded) land (%) 9 21 38 [Source: Examiner’s own extract and table (fictional data)] 1.5.1 Define the term desertification. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.2 Quote TWO human activities from the extract that contribute to desertification in the district. (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.3 State ONE natural (climatic) cause of desertification mentioned in the extract. (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.4 Use the table to explain how overgrazing has contributed to desertification in the district. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.5 Explain the negative social impact of desertification on the people of the village. (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.6 Suggest sustainable strategies that the community can use to reverse desertification in the district. (2 x 2) (4) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.1.1 A vertical, wall-like igneous Y sill intrusion that cuts across the rock Z dyke layers is a … 2.1.2 A saucer-shaped igneous intrusion Y lopolith that sags downwards in the middle Z laccolith is a … 2.1.3 Rock that forms when existing rock Y sedimentary is changed by great heat and Z metamorphic pressure is … rock. 2.1.4 Sandstone and shale are Y igneous examples of … rocks. Z sedimentary 2.1.5 A ridge of inclined strata with a dip Y homoclinal ridge slope of between 25◦ and 45◦ is a Z cuesta … 2.1.6 A flat, dome-shaped exposure of Y butte granite that is almost level with the Z ruware surrounding land is a … 2.1.7 The slow downslope flow of Y solifluction waterlogged soil over frozen Z slumping ground is … 2.1.8 A rapid mass movement in which Y soil creep a large amount of water-saturated Z mudflow soil and mud flows downslope is a … (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2 Refer to the sketch below showing landforms and slope elements associated with horizontally layered rocks. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.8 D. 1 resistant cap rock 3 4 plateau 2 5 6 [Source: Examiner’s own sketch] 2.2.1 The deep, steep-sided valley at 1 that has been cut into the plateau by a river is a … A canyon. B pediment. C hogsback. D dip slope. 2.2.2 Landform 2 is a … A mesa. B tor. C conical hill (koppie). D cuesta. 2.2.3 The slope element at 3 is the … A talus slope. B crest (waxing slope). C pediment. D free face. 2.2.4 The steep, bare rock face at 4 is the … and it retreats mainly by … A free face (cliff); weathering and rockfalls B pediment; deposition C talus slope; soil creep D crest; exfoliation Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2.5 The slope element at 5, where weathered rock fragments from above collect, is the … A crest. B talus (debris) slope. C free face. D dip slope. 2.2.6 The gentle, concave slope at 6 is the … and it is the most suitable slope element for … A free face; rock climbing B talus slope; quarrying C crest; communication towers D pediment; farming and settlement 2.2.7 The process in which the free face at 4 retreats while keeping the same steep angle is … A slope replacement. B parallel (scarp) retreat. (7 x 1) (7) C upwelling. D solifluction. 2.3 Refer to the cross-section below of a basin of inclined rock layers. A C D B approximately 30 km resistant rock softer rock layers [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (not to scale)] 2.3.1 Name the landscape (structure) as a whole that is shown in the cross-section. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Identify the ridge at A, which has a gentle dip slope of approximately 10◦ . (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Do the scarp slopes of the ridges in the sketch face towards or away from the centre (D) of the landscape? (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.4 Name the slopes labelled B and C. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.5 Explain how the landscape in the sketch developed. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.3.6 Explain how the inclined rock layers of this landscape can benefit the people who live in the centre (D) of the landscape. (3 x 2) (6) 2.4 Refer to the sketch below showing the stages in the development of a tor. soil and regolith X Y STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3 Massive igneous rock (shaded) with vertical and horizontal joints [Source: Examiner’s own sketch] 2.4.1 What is a tor? (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 Name the type of rock in which tors usually develop and the type of large igneous intrusion in which this rock forms. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.3 Identify the loose, weathered material at X in STAGE 2. (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.4 Explain why the blocks of rock in STAGE 2 have become rounded. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain how the tor at Y developed from the rock in STAGE 1. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 13 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.5 Refer to the extract below on mass movement. MUD BURIES HOMES ON HILLSIDE Twelve homes in an informal hillside settlement in KwaZulu-Natal were buried when a mass of mud and soil flowed down a steep slope early on Sunday morning. More than 200 mm of rain fell in three days, and the ground was already soaked after a wet summer. Residents explained that most of the trees on the slope had been cut down for firewood and building material over the past ten years. Many houses had been built on terraces cut into the slope, and water from leaking pipes and blocked drains flowed onto the slope. Disaster management officials have moved 40 families to a community hall and warned that more of the slope could give way. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional)] 2.5.1 Identify the type of mass movement described in the extract. (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Is the mass movement identified in QUESTION 2.5.1 a slow or a rapid mass movement? (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Quote THREE human activities from the extract that increased the risk of mass movement on the slope. (3 x 1) (3) 2.5.4 Explain why the removal of trees on the slope (as mentioned in the extract) increased the likelihood of a mudflow. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.5 Why are people in informal hillside settlements more at risk of mass movement than people in formal suburbs? (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.6 Suggest measures that the municipality can take to reduce the risk of future mass movements in the settlement. (2 x 2) (4) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 14 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON HOWICK Co-ordinates: 29◦ 29′ S; 30◦ 14′ E Howick is a town in the uMngeni Local Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, about 25 km north-west of Pietermaritzburg. On the edge of the town the Mgeni River plunges about 95 m over the Howick Falls into a deep, steep-sided gorge. The area receives summer rainfall, with warm, wet summers and cool, dry winters in which frost is common. Forestry, dairy farming and tourism are important economic activities. [Adapted from various sources] The following Afrikaans terms appear on the maps: AFRIKAANS ENGLISH Kontoertussenruimte Contour interval Gemiddelde magnetiese deklinasie Mean magnetic declination Gemiddelde jaarlikse verandering Mean annual change Wes van Ware Noord West of True North Verklaring Reference (key) 3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 The scale of the orthophoto map is … than the scale of the topographical map. A five times smaller B ten times smaller (1 x 1) (1) C five times larger D ten times larger 3.1.2 Calculate the straight-line distance in kilometres (km) between trigonometrical station 47 (Lookout Tower) in block B1 and trigonometrical station 166 in block C3 on the topographical map. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.3 Give the co-ordinates (degrees, minutes and seconds) of trigonometrical station 166 in block C3 on the topographical map. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 Calculate the average gradient from trigonometrical station 166 (block C3) to spot height 738 in block D5 on the topographical map. Vertical Interval (VI) Use the formula: Gradient = (4 x 1) (4) Horizontal Equivalent (HE) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 15 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 3.1.5 Use the information below the topographical map to calculate the magnetic declination of Howick for 2026. Show ALL calculations. Difference in years: Mean annual change: 2′ westwards (3 x 1) (3) Total change: Magnetic declination for 2026: 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 The green shading in block B1 on the topographical map shows … A cultivated land. B woodland (forestry plantations). (1 x 1) (1) C orchards and vineyards. D recreation grounds. 3.2.2 Give TWO reasons why the slopes in block B1 are used for forestry rather than for growing crops. (2 x 2) (4) 3.2.3 Refer to the Mgeni River in blocks E2 and E3 on the topographical map. Give ONE piece of map evidence that the river flows in a deep, steep-sided valley. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 Name ONE type of rapid mass movement that is likely to occur on the valley sides of the Mgeni River in block E3 after heavy summer rain. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 Explain why the type of mass movement named in QUESTION 3.2.4 is likely on these valley sides. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.6 The Howick Falls (block E2) formed where the Mgeni River flows over resistant rock lying on top of softer rock. Explain how this led to the formation of the waterfall. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.7 Give ONE piece of evidence from the topographical map that Howick receives high (summer) rainfall. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 Will the following features be shown as point, line or polygon features in a GIS? (a) Trigonometrical station 47 (block B1) (b) The golf course (block E2) (2 x 1) (2) 3.3.2 Define the term data layer. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 Name ONE attribute (non-spatial data) of trigonometrical station 47 in block B1 that could be stored in a GIS. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.4 Is the orthophoto map an example of raster or vector data? (1 x 1) (1) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved