Geography Grade 11 P2 November Mock Exam 2 2026 QP (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 11 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 GEOGRAPHY P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 15 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections. SECTION A QUESTION 1: DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY (60) QUESTION 2: RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY (60) SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) 2. Answer ALL THREE questions. 3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. 4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered. 5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list. 10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa, 14 ◦ C and 45 m. 11. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 12. You may use a magnifying glass. 13. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. A topographical map extract of 2730DD VRYHEID and an orthophoto map extract (2730DD 2 VRYHEID EAST) of a part of the mapped area are provided on one A3 sheet, supplied with this mock as Geography Gr11 P2 Mock 2026 Map (2730DD Vryheid). The map sheet was first used in the 2023 Eastern Cape Grade 11 November examination. Print it on A3 paper at 100%. Map extracts reproduced from the Chief Directorate: National Geo-spatial Information (NGI). 15. The extracts on the A3 sheet are REDUCED: they are smaller than 1 : 50 000 and 1 : 10 000. Do NOT measure distances on the sheet. Where a calculation needs a map distance, the distance as it would be measured on a true 1 : 50 000 map is GIVEN in the question. 16. The area demarcated in BLACK on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. 17. Only the labels P, T and U are used in this question paper. Ignore the other letters and numbers printed on the maps (H, I, J, K, L and 1 to 3). 18. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION A QUESTION 1: DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY 1.1 Choose the correct word(s) from those given in brackets. Write only the word(s) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 developing. 1.1.1 A country with a high Human Development Index (HDI), a long life expectancy and a large tertiary sector is a (more/less) economically developed country. 1.1.2 (Life expectancy/Gross National Income per capita) is an economic indicator of development. 1.1.3 A Gini coefficient of 0,63 indicates (high/low) income inequality in a country. 1.1.4 Countries such as Brazil, India and China, whose economies have changed rapidly from mainly agricultural to industrial, are (newly industrialised/least developed) countries. 1.1.5 In the core–periphery model, the wealthy, highly developed region of a country is the (core/periphery). 1.1.6 Development aid given directly by the government of one country to the government of another country is (multilateral/bilateral) aid. 1.1.7 A (trade surplus/trade deficit) occurs when the value of a country’s imports is greater than the value of its exports. 1.1.8 (Free/Fair) trade ensures that producers in developing countries receive a reasonable price for their products and work in decent conditions. (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2 Refer to the graph below showing the value of exports and imports of four countries, W, X, Y and Z, and their main exports. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.8 D. Value (US$ billion) Exports Imports 420 400 310 300 200 95 95 100 52 35 19 12 0 W X Y Z Main exports: Main exports: Main exports: Main exports: Machinery and cars Crude oil Coffee and cotton Gold and coal [Source: Examiner’s own data (fictional countries)] 1.2.1 The country with the largest trade surplus is … A W. B X. C Y. D Z. 1.2.2 Country X has a … balance of trade of … US$ billion. A positive; 17 B negative; 17 C positive; 87 D negative; 87 1.2.3 The main exports of country Y are … products. A primary B secondary C tertiary D quaternary 1.2.4 Trade between only two countries, such as country X selling crude oil to country W and buying machinery from it, is … trade. A bilateral B multilateral C internal D barter Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2.5 A limit that a government places on the quantity of a product that may be imported is a/an … A tariff. B quota. C subsidy. D embargo. 1.2.6 Advantages for countries that belong to a trade bloc include … and … (i) access to a larger market (ii) higher tariffs between members (iii) easier movement of goods between members (iv) less competition for local businesses A (ii) and (iv) B (i) and (ii) C (iii) and (iv) D (i) and (iii) 1.2.7 South Africa is a member of the … trade bloc. A European Union (EU) B Southern African Development Community (SADC) (7 x 1) (7) C North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) D Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.3 Refer to the extract below on globalisation. ONE CAR, MANY COUNTRIES A multinational car company assembles 120 000 vehicles a year at its factory in the Eastern Cape and exports most of them to more than 40 countries. The engines come from Germany, the electronic parts from Japan and China, and the seats and tyres from local suppliers in Gqeberha and East London. About 4 000 people work at the factory, and thousands more work for the local suppliers. Decisions about which models are built, and how many, are taken at the company’s head office overseas. When demand for cars fell in Europe, the factory cut one shift and the suppliers lost orders. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional company)] 1.3.1 Define the term globalisation. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 According to the extract, to how many countries are the vehicles exported? (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Give TWO benefits of the factory for the Eastern Cape mentioned in the extract. (2 x 1) (2) 1.3.4 Explain how depending on multinational companies can make developing countries such as South Africa economically vulnerable. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.5 Suggest ways in which small local businesses in South Africa can benefit from globalisation. (3 x 2) (6) 1.4 Refer to the extract below on humanitarian aid. CYCLONE LEAVES THOUSANDS HOMELESS A tropical cyclone struck the coast of a low-income country in southern Africa, flooding towns and destroying 30 000 homes, roads and bridges. Within days, United Nations agencies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and neighbouring SADC countries sent food parcels, tents, water-purification tablets and medical teams. Aid convoys were delayed because bridges had been washed away, and some supplies were stolen before they reached the people. Six months later most of the aid workers had left, and many families were still living in tents because there was no money to rebuild. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional event)] 1.4.1 What is humanitarian aid? (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.2 Name ONE type of organisation that provided aid, according to the extract. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 Give TWO examples of humanitarian aid mentioned in the extract. (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.4 Explain why humanitarian aid is regarded as short-term aid. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain how long-term development aid (including technical aid) could reduce the impact of future cyclones on this country. (4 x 2) (8) 1.5 Refer to the extract below on a community project. VILLAGE TURNS WASTE INTO WORK Young people in a village in the Eastern Cape were tired of plastic and glass lying in the streams and on the grazing land. At a community meeting the residents decided to start a recycling project. The municipality gave them land for a sorting yard, and an NGO trained 25 members, most of them young women, to sort waste, keep records and make paving bricks from crushed glass and plastic. The members now earn an income and the streams are cleaner. However, the NGO’s funding ends next year, the project’s only truck often breaks down and the price paid for recycled plastic changes from month to month. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional project)] 1.5.1 Define the term community-based development. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.2 Who gave the land for the sorting yard, according to the extract? (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Give TWO ways in which the project benefits the environment of the village. (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.4 Explain how the support from the municipality and the NGO contributed to the success of the project. (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.5 Suggest how the project could remain sustainable after the NGO’s funding ends. (3 x 2) (6) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 2: RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY 2.1 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.1.1 Water, soil, minerals and forests Y natural that occur in nature and are used Z human-made by people are … resources. 2.1.2 The upper layer of the soil profile Y subsoil that contains most of the humus is Z topsoil the … 2.1.3 The washing of nutrients Y leaching downwards out of the topsoil Z salinisation by water is … 2.1.4 The build-up of salts in the soil as Y leaching a result of poor irrigation methods Z salinisation is … 2.1.5 Leaving a field uncultivated for a Y monoculture season so that it can recover its Z fallowing fertility is … 2.1.6 Energy obtained from the heat Y geothermal inside the earth is … energy. Z biomass 2.1.7 The total amount of greenhouse Y carbon sink gases produced by the activities of Z carbon footprint a person is the … 2.1.8 Planned interruptions of the Y load shedding electricity supply to prevent the Z a power surge national grid from collapsing are known as … (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2 Refer to the sketch map below showing the location of selected electricity-generating facilities, 1 to 5, in South Africa. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.8 D. KEY 1 Power station near Cape Town 2 Facilities near Upington 3 Facilities near Jeffreys Bay 4 Gariep Dam 5 Power stations on the Mpumalanga Highveld 5 2 N Lesotho 4 SOUTH AFRICA Atlantic Ocean 1 3 Indian Ocean [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (not to scale; positions approximate)] 2.2.1 The facility at 1 produces electricity from … A coal. B uranium. C natural gas. D falling water. 2.2.2 The facility located closest to South Africa’s main coalfields is facility … A 1. B 2. C 4. D 5. 2.2.3 At 4, electricity is generated by … A burning biomass. B heat from inside the earth. C falling water turning turbines. D sunlight falling on photovoltaic panels. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2.4 The energy sources used at 2 and 3 are … A conventional and non-renewable. B non-conventional and renewable. C conventional and renewable. D non-conventional and non-renewable. 2.2.5 Disadvantages of the type of power station at 1 are … and … (i) radioactive waste (ii) very high building costs (iii) large carbon dioxide emissions (iv) dependence on wind A (ii) and (iii) B (iii) and (iv) C (i) and (ii) D (i) and (iv) 2.2.6 The facility whose electricity production would be reduced most by a long drought is facility … A 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. 2.2.7 The facility that can produce electricity day and night and does NOT depend on the weather or on rainfall is facility … A 1. B 2. (7 x 1) (7) C 3. D 4. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.3 Refer to the graph below showing the results of a soil-loss experiment on four plots on the same slope in KwaZulu-Natal. Soil loss (tonnes per hectare per year) 25 25 20 18 15 10 5 3 0,5 0 PLOT 1 PLOT 2 PLOT 3 PLOT 4 Natural grassland Overgrazed communal Maize ploughed up Maize ploughed grazing land and down the slope along the contours; crop residue left on the field [Source: Examiner’s own data (fictional experiment)] 2.3.1 Which plot had the highest soil loss? (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Calculate how many times more soil was lost on Plot 3 than on Plot 4. Show your calculation. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.3 Explain why Plot 4 lost much less soil than Plot 3. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.4 State TWO negative effects of the soil loss on Plot 3 for the farmer. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest sustainable strategies that the community could use to reduce soil erosion on the communal grazing land (Plot 2) and to restore the land. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.4 Refer to the extract below on coal-fired electricity in South Africa. OLD POWER STATIONS, NEW PROBLEMS More than 80% of South Africa’s electricity still comes from coal-fired power stations, most of them more than 30 years old. Frequent breakdowns at these ageing stations were the main cause of the severe load shedding of 2022 and 2023. Shops, farms and factories lost production, food went off in fridges and many small businesses had to buy diesel generators. The government plans to close several of the oldest power stations over the next 20 years and replace them with renewable energy. Coal-mining towns are worried about what will happen to their jobs. The plan to move to cleaner energy in a fair way that protects workers and communities is called the Just Energy Transition. [Source: Examiner’s own summary based on news reports] 2.4.1 Define the term energy crisis. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 According to the extract, what was the main cause of the load shedding of 2022 and 2023? (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 Give TWO effects of load shedding on businesses mentioned in the extract. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.4 Explain why South Africa still relies on coal to generate most of its electricity, despite the environmental problems it causes. (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Explain the social and economic challenges that coal-mining communities could face when coal-fired power stations close. (3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 13 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.5 Refer to the extract below on solar energy. THE ROOFTOP SOLAR BOOM During the years of load shedding, thousands of households, schools and businesses installed photovoltaic (PV) panels and batteries on their properties. Many owners say they wanted electricity during power cuts and lower monthly electricity bills. A complete system with batteries can cost more than R100 000, which poor households cannot afford. The panels produce little electricity on cloudy days and none at night, and old batteries contain chemicals that must be disposed of safely. In some municipalities, owners may sell the extra electricity that they produce back to the grid. [Source: Examiner’s own extract based on news reports] 2.5.1 Define the term renewable energy. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.2 According to the extract, give ONE reason why owners installed PV panels. (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Give TWO disadvantages of rooftop solar systems mentioned in the extract. (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.4 Explain how the increased use of rooftop solar panels benefits the national electricity grid and the environment. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.5 Suggest how the government could make solar energy more affordable for low-income households. (3 x 2) (6) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 14 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON VRYHEID Co-ordinates: 27◦ 46′ S; 30◦ 48′ E Vryheid is a town in northern KwaZulu-Natal and the main service centre of the Abaqulusi Local Municipality. The surrounding farms produce cattle, maize and timber, and coal has been mined in the district for more than a century. Railway lines through the town carry coal and timber towards the port of Richards Bay, and the R33, R34 and R69 routes meet in the town. The area receives most of its rain in summer, often as thunderstorms, and winters are cool and dry. [Examiner’s own summary] 3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS Various options are provided as possible answers to QUESTIONS 3.1.1 and 3.1.2. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers in the ANSWER BOOK. 3.1.1 The index of the 1 : 50 000 map sheet directly NORTH of 2730DD is … A 2730DB B 2730DC C 2730BD D 2731CA (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 The contour interval of the orthophoto map is … A 10 m B 20 m C 5m D 100 m (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 Calculate the average gradient from trigonometrical station 60 (Besterkop) in block G3 to spot height 1209 in block F4 on the topographical map. The distance between the two points on a 1 : 50 000 map is 3,0 cm. Vertical Interval (VI) Use the formula: Gradient = (4 x 1) (4) Horizontal Equivalent (HE) 3.1.4 Use the information below the topographical map to calculate the magnetic declination of Vryheid for July 2026. Show ALL calculations. Difference in years: Mean annual change: 4′ westwards (3 x 1) (3) Total change: Magnetic declination for 2026: 3.1.5 The area covered by the orthophoto map is demarcated in BLACK on the topographical map. On a 1 : 50 000 map this rectangle is 8,3 cm long and 5,8 cm wide. Calculate the area (in km2 ) covered by the orthophoto map. Use the formula: Area = Length (L) × Breadth (B) (3 x 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 15 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D). The feature labelled T in block A5 on the topographical map is a… A railway line. B power line. (1 x 1) (1) C fence. D hiking trail. 3.2.2 A company wants to build a solar farm in blocks B5 and B6 on the topographical map. Give TWO pieces of evidence from the map that this area is suitable for a solar farm. (2 x 1) (2) 3.2.3 Refer to U in block F5 on the topographical map. Name the type of soil erosion represented by the erosion symbol at U. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 Explain how the slope of the hill eNtendekwana (block F5) contributes to the soil erosion at U. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.5 Identify the soil conservation method used on the cultivated fields at P on the orthophoto map. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.6 Explain ONE negative impact that the soil erosion at U could have on the farming activities at Beaufort (block F5). (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.7 Refer to the Vryheid Nature Reserve on Lancaster Hill (block B1) on the topographical map. Explain how protecting the natural vegetation on these slopes conserves the soil. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.8 Vryheid has a well-developed tertiary sector. Name ONE tertiary (service) feature in block C2 on the topographical map. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D). In a GIS, the feature labelled T in block A5 on the topographical map will be represented as a … feature. A point B line C polygon D raster (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 Define the term remote sensing. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 Explain how satellite images taken over a number of years could help the municipality to manage the soil erosion at U. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.4 The name Besterkop and the height 1 430,9 m of trigonometrical station 60 in block G3 are examples of (spatial/attribute) data. Write only the correct word. (1 x 1) (1) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved