Geography Grade 11 Paper 1 November Mock 2026 Memo (English)

hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 11 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 8 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines NOTE TO MARKERS: • Accept alternative answers that are correct and relevant to the question, even if not listed. • A mark is allocated for each correct fact. For (2 x 2) questions, award 2 marks per complete, well-explained point. • Paragraph questions (approximately EIGHT lines): assess the quality and relevance of the response. • For calculations, follow the steps indicated. Measurements were taken on the A3 map sheet printed at 100%; accept answers within the given ranges. SECTION A QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE 1.1 1.1.1 Z (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.1.2 Y (1) 1.1.3 Z (1) 1.1.4 Z (1) 1.1.5 Y (1) 1.1.6 Y (1) 1.1.7 Z (1) 1.1.8 Y (1) 1.2 1.2.1 C (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.2.2 B (1) 1.2.3 B (1) 1.2.4 C (1) 1.2.5 B (1) 1.2.6 A (1) 1.2.7 B (1) 1.3.1 The deflection of moving air (winds) caused by the rotation of the (1 x 2) (2) earth – to the left in the southern hemisphere and to the right in the northern hemisphere (2) 1.3.2 Hadley cell (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Subtropical high-pressure belt (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 South-east trade winds (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.5 Air that rose at the equator cools as it moves polewards in the (2 x 2) (4) upper atmosphere and becomes denser/heavier (2) Air converges (piles up) in the upper atmosphere at about 30◦ and is forced to descend (2) The Coriolis force deflects the poleward-moving air so that it accumulates and subsides (2) [ANY TWO] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3.6 In summer the ITCZ shifts southwards over southern Africa with the (3 x 2) (6) overhead sun (2) Air converges and rises along the ITCZ, causing convectional (thunderstorm) rain (2) The northern parts of southern Africa therefore receive summer rainfall (2) In winter the ITCZ shifts northwards and the subtropical high-pressure cells dominate, so winters are dry (2) If the ITCZ does not move far enough south, rainfall is low and drought may occur (2) [ANY THREE] 1.4.1 The boundary/zone where moist air from the Indian Ocean (east) (1 x 2) (2) meets dry air from the west/interior (2) 1.4.2 Summer (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 X: moist/humid (1) (2 x 1) (2) Y: dry (1) 1.4.4 The moist air is less dense (lighter) and is forced to rise over the (1 x 2) (2) denser, dry air; it cools, condenses and forms cumulonimbus clouds (2) The heated land surface causes the unstable moist air to rise rapidly (convection) (2) [ANY ONE] 1.4.5 Hail damages or destroys crops and orchards, causing a loss of (4 x 2) (8) income (2); lightning and hail kill or injure livestock and people (2); flash floods wash away topsoil, crops and fences (2); heavy downpours cause soil erosion and gullies (2); lightning starts veld fires that destroy grazing (2); roads, bridges and power lines are damaged, cutting off farms (2); higher insurance and repair costs (2); reduced harvests threaten food security (2) [ANY FOUR] 1.5.1 A prolonged period of below-average (much lower than normal) (1 x 2) (2) rainfall that leads to water shortages (2) 1.5.2 2024 (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Below-average rainfall in most years since 2019 (1) (2 x 1) (2) Dams and boreholes are drying up (1) Grazing has disappeared (1) Farmers have had to sell sheep (1) Fodder has to be bought from other provinces (1) [ANY TWO] 1.5.4 Air sinks (subsides) and warms in the high-pressure cells, which (1 x 2) (2) prevents condensation and cloud formation (2) The high-pressure cells block moist air/rain-bearing systems from moving into the interior (2) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5.5 Sheep are sold at low prices, so farmers lose income (2) (2 x 2) (4) High costs of buying and transporting fodder reduce profits (2) Less wool and meat is produced (2) Farmers fall into debt or go bankrupt (2) Farm workers lose their jobs (2) Extra costs for drilling boreholes/transporting water (2) [ANY TWO] 1.5.6 Reduce the number of animals (lower stocking rates)/rotational (2 x 2) (4) grazing (2) Store fodder and hay during good years (2) Harvest rainwater/build more dams/use water efficiently (2) Farm with drought-resistant fodder crops and hardy breeds (2) Take out drought insurance/apply for drought relief (2) Use weather forecasts and early-warning systems (2) [ANY TWO] [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 2.1.1 Y (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.1.2 Z (1) 2.1.3 Z (1) 2.1.4 Y (1) 2.1.5 Z (1) 2.1.6 Y (1) 2.1.7 Z (1) 2.1.8 Y (1) 2.2 2.2.1 B (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2.2 A (1) 2.2.3 C (1) 2.2.4 A (1) 2.2.5 B (1) 2.2.6 B (1) 2.2.7 A (1) 2.3.1 A: Mesa (1) (2 x 1) (2) B: Butte (1) 2.3.2 Dolerite (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 A resistant, horizontal cap rock protects the softer layers below (1 x 2) (2) from erosion (2) The horizontal layers are weathered and eroded evenly from the top (2) [ANY ONE] 2.3.4 Weathering and erosion attack the sides (cliffs) of the mesa, so the (2 x 2) (4) slopes retreat (2) The softer layers below the cap rock are eroded, undermining the cap rock, which collapses (2) The flat top becomes smaller until the landform is higher than it is wide (a butte) (2) [ANY TWO] 2.3.5 The semi-arid climate has low and unreliable rainfall, which is (3 x 2) (6) unsuitable for crops (2) Soils are thin and poor on the slopes (2) Steep slopes make ploughing and mechanisation difficult (2) Flat tops are small and difficult to reach (2) The natural Karoo vegetation (shrubs) provides grazing for hardy sheep (2) Sheep can be farmed over large areas with little water (2) [ANY THREE] 2.4.1 Layers of (sedimentary) rock that lie at an angle (tilted) to the (1 x 2) (2) horizontal (2) 2.4.2 X: Cuesta (1) (2 x 1) (2) Y: Hogsback (1) 2.4.3 Scarp slope (1) (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4.4 The rock layers of Y dip at a steeper angle, and the dip slope (1 x 2) (2) follows the angle of the rock layers (2) 2.4.5 Advantages: the gentle dip slope is suitable for farming, (4 x 2) (8) settlements and roads (2); the scarp slope offers good views for tourism and sites for communication towers (2); resistant rock can be quarried for building material (2); water seeps along the dip slope and can be tapped (aquifers/springs) (2); the scarp slope offers protection/defence (2) Disadvantages: the steep scarp slope is difficult to build on and to farm (2); roads and railways are expensive to build across the ridge (2); scarp slopes are prone to rockfalls and other mass movements (2); soils on the scarp slope are thin and easily eroded (2) [ANY FOUR] 2.5.1 The downslope movement of weathered material (rock, soil, (1 x 2) (2) regolith) under the influence of gravity (2) 2.5.2 Rockfall (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Heavy rainfall (more than 120 mm) (1) (2 x 1) (2) Joints/cracks in the sandstone (1) Steep slope/cliffs (1) Hot, dry weather before the rain (weathering by heating and cooling) (1) [ANY TWO] 2.5.4 Water adds weight (mass) to the slope material (2) (2 x 2) (4) Water acts as a lubricant and reduces friction between particles/layers (2) Water fills pores and joints, increasing pressure and reducing cohesion (2) Water in joints speeds up weathering and widens the cracks (2) [ANY TWO] 2.5.5 The slope was cut back steeply when the road was widened, (1 x 2) (2) making it unstable (2) Natural vegetation was removed, so roots no longer bind the material and more water infiltrates (2) [ANY ONE] 2.5.6 Install rockfall catch nets/wire mesh over the slope (2) (2 x 2) (4) Build retaining walls/gabions (2) Anchor rocks with rock bolts (2) Reduce the slope angle (benching/terracing) (2) Replant vegetation on the slope (2) Install drainage to remove water from the slope (2) Remove loose rocks and monitor the slope; erect warning signs (2) [ANY TWO] [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1.1 A (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 1 317,7 m – 730,7 m (1) (2 x 1) (2) = 587 m (1) 3.1.3 6,9 cm × 0,5 km (1) (range 6,8 – 7,1 cm) (2 x 1) (2) = 3,45 km (1) (range 3,4 – 3,6 km) 3.1.4 VI = 1 315,6 − 805 = 510,6 m (1) (4 x 1) (4) HE = 3,6 cm × 500 = 1 800 m (1) (range 3,5 – 3,8 cm; 1 750 – 1 900 m) 510,6 Gradient = (1) (correct substitution) 1 800 = 1 : 3,5 (1) (range 1 : 3,4 – 1 : 3,7) 3.1.5 Difference in years: 2026 − 2009 = 17 years (1) (3 x 1) (3) Total change: 17 × 7′ = 119′ = 1◦ 59′ west (1) Magnetic declination 2026: 25◦ 07′ + 1◦ 59′ = 27◦ 06′ west of true north (1) 3.2.1 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 It is capped by resistant rock (dolerite) that protects the softer rock (1 x 2) (2) below from weathering and erosion (2) 3.2.3 Horizontally layered (sedimentary) rocks (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 Non-perennial rivers (1) (2 x 1) (2) Weirs (1) Canals/furrows (irrigation) (1) Dams/reservoirs (1) Eroded areas/sparse vegetation (1) [ANY TWO] 3.2.5 Sparse vegetation cover due to low rainfall (1) (2 x 1) (2) Heavy downpours during summer thunderstorms (1) Overgrazing/trampling by livestock (1) Steep slopes increase runoff (1) Thin, loose soils (1) [ANY TWO] 3.2.6 The road runs below the steep slopes of Spandaukop (closely (1 x 2) (2) spaced contours), where loose, weathered rock can fall onto the road (2) Road cuttings have steepened the slopes (2) [ANY ONE] 3.2.7 Install catch nets/wire mesh or fences on the slope (2) (1 x 2) (2) Build retaining walls (2) Bolt/anchor loose rocks or remove them (2) Erect warning signs and monitor the slopes (2) [ANY ONE] 3.3.1 The collection of information about the earth’s surface from a (1 x 2) (2) distance, without physical contact (e.g. by satellites or aircraft) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.3.2 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 Line (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.4 Layers such as slope angle (contours), rock type/joints, rainfall, (1 x 2) (2) vegetation cover and past mass movements are combined, and places where several risk factors overlap are identified as high-risk sections (2) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved