Geography Grade 11 P2 November Mock 2026 QP (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 11 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 GEOGRAPHY P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 16 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections. SECTION A QUESTION 1: DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY (60) QUESTION 2: RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY (60) SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) 2. Answer ALL THREE questions. 3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. 4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered. 5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list. 10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa, 14 ◦ C and 45 m. 11. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 12. You may use a magnifying glass. 13. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. A 1 : 50 000 topographical map extract of 2529CC EMALAHLENI and a 1 : 10 000 orthophoto map extract of a part of the mapped area are provided on one A3 sheet, supplied with this mock as Geography Gr11 P2 Mock 2026 Map (2529CC Emalahleni). The map sheet was first used in the 2025 Eastern Cape November examination. Print it on A3 paper at 100% (actual size). 15. The area demarcated in RED on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. 16. Ignore the letters already printed on the maps (e.g. P, Q, R and S), unless a question refers to them. 17. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION A QUESTION 1: DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY 1.1 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.1.1 A country with high incomes, Y developed a high standard of living and Z developing well-developed infrastructure is a … country. 1.1.2 The imaginary line that divides the Y Equator richer countries from the poorer Z Brandt Line countries of the world is the … 1.1.3 A composite indicator that Y GNI per capita combines life expectancy, Z Human education and income per person Development is the … Index (HDI) 1.1.4 The number of babies per 1 000 Y infant mortality live births who die before their first Z rate birthday is the … birth rate 1.1.5 A Gini coefficient close to 1 Y equal income indicates … Z distribution high income inequality 1.1.6 Development that meets the Y sustainable needs of the present without Z development compromising the needs of future economic growth generations is … 1.1.7 A tax that a government places on Y quota imported goods is a/an … Z tariff 1.1.8 Aid that must be used to buy Y tied aid goods and services from the donor Z emergency aid country is … (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2 Refer to the table below showing selected development indicators for four countries, P, Q, R and S. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.8 D. Indicator P Q R S GNI per capita (US$) 48 500 6 200 1 100 14 800 Life expectancy (years) 82 64 58 76 Adult literacy rate (%) 99 87 52 96 Infant mortality rate (per 1 000) 3 27 62 9 Human Development Index (HDI) 0,94 0,70 0,45 0,82 Workers in the primary sector (%) 2 21 68 9 [Source: Examiner’s own data (fictional countries)] 1.2.1 The most developed country in the table is … A P. B Q. C R. D S. 1.2.2 A high percentage of the workers in country R are employed in the primary sector because … A the country is highly industrialised. B most people practise subsistence farming. C the tertiary sector is very large. D the country has a high GNI per capita. 1.2.3 The HDI value of country Q is … A 0,45. B 0,70. C 0,82. D 0,94. 1.2.4 The indicator in the table that best reflects the quality of health care is the … A GNI per capita. B adult literacy rate. C infant mortality rate. D percentage of workers in the primary sector. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2.5 A limitation of GNI per capita as a measure of development is that it … A is an average that hides the unequal distribution of income. B measures only life expectancy. C is a social indicator. D cannot be compared between countries. 1.2.6 The low adult literacy rate of country R will most likely lead to … and … (i) fewer skilled workers (ii) higher productivity (iii) lower incomes (iv) more foreign investment A (i) and (iii) B (ii) and (iv) C (i) and (ii) D (iii) and (iv) 1.2.7 The country most likely to be classified as a Least Developed Country (LDC) is … A P. B Q. (7 x 1) (7) C R. D S. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.3 Refer to the extract below on trade in Africa. AFRICA OPENS ITS BORDERS TO TRADE The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) aims to create one large market for goods and services across the African continent. Member countries have agreed to remove most tariffs on goods traded between them over a number of years. At present, only a small share of Africa’s trade takes place between African countries. Most African countries export raw materials such as crude oil, minerals and cash crops to Europe, Asia and North America, and import manufactured goods. Poor roads and railways, long delays at border posts and many different trade rules make trade between African countries slow and expensive. Supporters believe that the AfCFTA will encourage manufacturing, create jobs and help African countries to reduce poverty. [Source: Examiner’s own extract based on news reports] 1.3.1 What is a free trade area? (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 According to the extract, what type of goods do most African countries export? (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Give TWO obstacles to trade between African countries mentioned in the extract. (2 x 1) (2) 1.3.4 Explain why exporting mainly raw materials keeps many African countries poor. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.5 Explain how the AfCFTA could promote development in South Africa. (3 x 2) (6) 1.4 Refer to the extract below on development aid. WHEN AID WORKS – AND WHEN IT DOES NOT A foreign donor paid for 40 boreholes with hand pumps in the villages of a rural district. Within three years, more than half of them had broken down because spare parts had to be imported and no local people had been trained to repair them. In a neighbouring district, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) worked with village committees to choose the sites, trained local mechanics and collected a small monthly fee from households to pay for repairs. Ten years later, almost all of these boreholes are still working. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional districts)] 1.4.1 Define the term development aid. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.2 Name the type of organisation that ran the borehole project in the neighbouring district. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 According to the extract, why did the boreholes in the first district break down? (2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.4.4 The project in the neighbouring district followed a bottom-up approach. Explain this statement. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of foreign aid for developing countries. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.5 Refer to the extract below on a women’s co-operative. WOMEN TURN BAOBAB FRUIT INTO INCOME In a village in Limpopo, 35 women have formed a co-operative that collects baobab fruit and processes it into powder and oil for sale to health shops and cosmetic companies. Before the co-operative started, most of the women had no income other than social grants. They now earn money to pay school fees and buy food, and they are trained in bookkeeping and marketing. The women say that their biggest problems are the long distance to markets, the lack of reliable electricity for processing and the difficulty of getting loans from banks. The project supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of ending poverty and achieving gender equality. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional co-operative)] 1.5.1 What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.2 Identify ONE SDG that the co-operative supports, according to the extract. (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Why are women important for the development of rural communities? (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.4 Explain how the problems mentioned in the extract limit the growth of the co-operative. (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.5 Suggest how the government could support co-operatives such as this one. (3 x 2) (6) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 2: RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY 2.1 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.1.1 Resources that can be replaced by Y renewable nature within a short period are … Z non-renewable resources. 2.1.2 Coal is an example of a … source Y non-conventional of energy. Z conventional 2.1.3 The removal of the top layer of soil Y leaching by water and wind is … Z soil erosion 2.1.4 Ploughing across a slope, Y contour ploughing following the contour lines, is Z monoculture … 2.1.5 Electricity generated by the energy Y hydro-electricity of falling or flowing water is … Z geothermal energy 2.1.6 Panels that convert sunlight Y wind turbines directly into electricity are … Z photovoltaic (PV) panels 2.1.7 Koeberg, near Cape Town, is Y nuclear South Africa’s only … power Z coal-fired station. 2.1.8 Deep channels (dongas) formed Y sheet when running water removes soil Z gully are the result of … erosion. (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2 Refer to the pie chart below showing the approximate sources of electricity generated in South Africa. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.8 D. Coal 80% Nuclear 4% Wind 6% Solar PV 4% Hydro and pumped storage 3% Coal 80% Other (gas and diesel) 3% [Source: Examiner’s own chart (approximate, rounded figures)] 2.2.1 The main source of electricity in South Africa is … A nuclear energy. B coal. C wind. D solar energy. 2.2.2 The combined contribution of wind and solar PV is approximately … A 4%. B 6%. C 10%. D 14%. 2.2.3 Coal is classified as a … resource. A renewable B non-renewable C flow D inexhaustible 2.2.4 Most of South Africa’s coal-fired power stations are located in … A the Western Cape. B Mpumalanga. C KwaZulu-Natal. D the Northern Cape. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2.5 Negative environmental impacts of coal-fired power stations are … and … (i) acid rain (ii) the emission of greenhouse gases (iii) radioactive waste (iv) reduced water use A (i) and (ii) B (ii) and (iii) C (iii) and (iv) D (i) and (iv) 2.2.6 The Northern Cape is well suited to solar power generation because it has … A high rainfall. B many cloudy days. C many hours of sunshine and clear skies. D frequent coastal fog. 2.2.7 A disadvantage of wind and solar energy is that it … A produces large amounts of greenhouse gases. B is not available all the time (intermittent). (7 x 1) (7) C uses large amounts of water. D causes acid rain. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.3 Refer to the sketch below showing soil erosion and soil conservation on a farm. N T M bare soil river (muddy) [Source: Examiner’s own sketch] 2.3.1 Define the term soil erosion. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.2 Identify the type of soil erosion at M. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Explain how overgrazing by livestock at N contributes to soil erosion. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.4 Explain how the terraces at T reduce soil erosion. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.5 Discuss the negative impact of soil erosion on the river and on dams downstream. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 13 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.4 Refer to the extract below on coal and the environment. THE COST OF COAL The Mpumalanga Highveld, where most of South Africa’s coal-fired power stations are found, has some of the poorest air quality in the country. Power stations release sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, fine dust particles and large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Many residents of nearby towns suffer from asthma and other respiratory illnesses. Old, abandoned coal mines in the region leak acid mine drainage into streams and wetlands, and large areas of farmland have been lost to mining. [Source: Examiner’s own extract based on news reports] 2.4.1 Give TWO reasons why most of South Africa’s coal-fired power stations are located on the Mpumalanga Highveld. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.2 Name ONE gas from the extract that contributes to acid rain. (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 What is acid mine drainage? (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.4 Explain how burning coal to generate electricity contributes to global warming. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest how South Africa can reduce the negative environmental impact of producing electricity from coal. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 14 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.5 Refer to the extract below on wind energy. NEW WIND FARM FOR THE COAST A wind farm with 40 turbines is planned on farmland near the Eastern Cape coast, where strong and steady winds blow for most of the year. The turbines will produce electricity without burning fuel and without using water, and the farmer can continue to graze cattle between them. Some residents support the project because it will create jobs during construction. Others are worried about the noise of the turbines, the impact on birds and bats, and the effect of the turbines on the scenic beauty of the area. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional project)] 2.5.1 Define the term non-conventional energy. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.2 According to the extract, why is the area suitable for a wind farm? (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Give TWO advantages of wind energy mentioned in the extract. (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.4 Explain the negative impact that the wind farm could have on the environment and on local residents. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.5 Suggest ways in which households in South Africa can save (conserve) electricity. (3 x 2) (6) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 15 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON EMALAHLENI Co-ordinates: 25◦ 53′ S; 29◦ 13′ E Emalahleni (formerly Witbank) lies on the Mpumalanga Highveld. Its name means place of coal, and the town is the centre of one of the largest coal-mining areas in South Africa. Several large coal-fired power stations are located in the surrounding area. The N4 national route, part of the Maputo Development Corridor, passes through the town. The area has a summer rainfall climate with frequent thunderstorms and cold, dry winters. [Adapted from various sources] 3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 Emalahleni is located in the … province. A Gauteng B Limpopo (1 x 1) (1) C Mpumalanga D North West 3.1.2 Calculate the difference in height between trigonometrical station 385 on the mine dump in block D3 and trigonometrical station 179 in block A4 on the topographical map. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.3 Calculate the straight-line distance in kilometres (km) between trigonometrical station 385 in block D3 and trigonometrical station 179 in block A4 on the topographical map. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 Calculate the average gradient from spot height 1607 in block D1 to spot height 1571 in block D3 on the orthophoto map. Vertical Interval (VI) Use the formula: Gradient = (4 x 1) (4) Horizontal Equivalent (HE) 3.1.5 Use the information below the topographical map to calculate the magnetic declination of Emalahleni for 2026. Show ALL calculations. Difference in years: Mean annual change: 5′ westwards (3 x 1) (3) Total change: Magnetic declination for 2026: 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 Name the main mineral resource that is mined in the mapped area. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Give TWO pieces of evidence in blocks A1 and B1 on the topographical map that mining takes place. (2 x 1) (2) 3.2.3 Refer to the area labelled Subsiding Ground and Sinkholes in block E3 on the topographical map. Name the type of mass movement taking place in this area. (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 16 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 3.2.4 Explain how underground mining causes the land surface to subside and form sinkholes. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.5 Give TWO dangers that sinkholes pose to people and infrastructure. (2 x 1) (2) 3.2.6 Refer to the stepped (terraced) slopes at the mining area in blocks C4 and C5 on the orthophoto map. Explain how these terraces reduce soil erosion and slope failure. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.7 Refer to the marsh and vlei in blocks C1 and C2 on the topographical map. Explain how mining activities could pollute this wetland. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 The opencast mine in block D1 on the topographical map will be shown as a … feature in GIS. A point B line (1 x 1) (1) C polygon D node 3.3.2 Define the term buffer zone. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 Explain why the municipality should create a buffer zone around the subsiding ground in block E3. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.4 Name ONE data layer that the municipality could use in a GIS to identify safe land for new housing in Emalahleni. (1 x 1) (1) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved