Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 P1 NSC June 2024 Memo (English)

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 MAY/JUNE 2024 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 12 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B ✓✓ 1.1.2 D ✓✓ 1.1.3 A ✓✓ 1.1.4 C ✓✓ 1.1.5 B ✓✓ 1.1.6 C ✓✓ 1.1.7 D ✓✓ 1.1.8 A ✓✓ 1.1.9 B ✓✓ 1.1.10 C ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 None ✓✓ 1.2.2 Both A and B ✓✓ 1.2.3 B only ✓✓ 1.2.4 B only ✓✓ 1.2.5 A only ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Retro/reverse peristalsis/regurgitation ✓✓ 1.3.2 Sustainable medication/integrated diseases management ✓✓ 1.3.3 Ovigenesis/oogenesis ✓✓ 1.3.4 Repeat breeders ✓✓ 1.3.5 Impotence ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Diffusion/passive absorption ✓ 1.4.2 Plywood board ✓ 1.4.3 Oestrus ✓ 1.4.4 Foetal ✓ 1.4.5 Pistolette/insemination gun ✓ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 3 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 The alimentary canal of a farm animal 2.1.1 Classification of the farm animal Non-ruminant/monogastric ✓ (1) 2.1.2 Name of the farm animal Fowl/poultry/chicken ✓ (1) 2.1.3 Reason based on the caeca There are two caeca present ✓ (1) 2.1.4 Identification of the parts A Small intestine/duodenum/jejunum/ileum ✓ (1) C Rectum/colon ✓ (1) D Cloaca/vent ✓ (1) 2.2 Micro-organisms in the reticulo-rumen 2.2.1 TWO examples of micro-organisms found in the reticulo-rumen • Bacteria ✓ • Protozoa ✓ • Fungi ✓ • Archaea ✓ • Viruses ✓ (Any 2) (2) 2.2.2 TWO requirements for the normal functioning of micro-organisms • Anaerobic conditions ✓ • The presence of carbon dioxide ✓ • A pH of 5,5 - 6,5/slightly acidic ✓ • A temperature of 38 - 42 oC/warm environment ✓ • Regular intake of feed ✓ • Removal of the waste products ✓ • Osmotic conditions/presence of moisture ✓ • The presence of volatile fatty acids ✓ • The presence of sufficient nutrients ✓ (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 4 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 2.3 The schematic representation of the types of feed 2.3.1 Identification of the types of feed A Concentrates ✓ (1) B Roughages ✓ (1) 2.3.2 Identification of letter (a) Succulent feed - C ✓ (1) (b) Maize meal - D ✓ (1) (c) Increases the bulkiness of the ration - B/C ✓ (1) 2.4 Digestibility co-efficient 2.4.1 Calculation of the digestibility co-efficient of the hay DMI (kg) = 90 x 18 kg = 16,2 kg ✓ 100 DC = Dry matter intake (kg) – dry mass of manure (kg) x 100 ✓ Dry matter intake (kg) = 16,2 kg – 5 kg x 100 ✓ 16,2 kg = 69,1 ✓ % ✓ (5) 2.4.2 Implication • 69,1% ✓ of the feed was digested and absorbed ✓ • 30,9% ✓ was excreted ✓ • Highly ✓ digested and absorbed ✓ (Any 1) (2) 2.5 Re-arrangement of the sources of protein • Eggs ✓ (1) • Milk ✓ (1) • Lucerne ✓ (1) 2.6 Nutritive Ratio 2.6.1 Definition of the nutritive ratio NR is the ratio between the digestible protein ✓ and digestible non- nitrogen compounds in a ration or a feed ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 5 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 2.6.2 Calculation of the nutritive ratio NR = 1 : %TDN – %DP ✓ %DP = 1 : 79% – 7% ✓ 7% NR = 1:10 ✓ OR NR = 1: % digestible non-nitrogen nutrients ✓ % Digestible protein = 1: 72% ✓ 7% NR = 1:10 ✓ (3) 2.7 Fodder flow 2.7.1 Identification of month with lowest feed available July ✓ (1) 2.7.2 REASON to support the decline in quantities Adverse environmental conditions ✓ (1) 2.7.3 Calculation of the total feed required from January - June • 50+50+60+60+70+60 tons ✓ • 350 tons ✓ (2) 2.7.4 The trend of feed available from August - December There is an increase in the feed available from August - December ✓ (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 6 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION 3.1 Farming and production systems 3.1.1 Identification of farming and production systems (a) Farming system - Subsistence ✓ (1) (b) Production system - Extensive ✓ (1) 3.1.2 Justification for extensive production system • The animals search food for themselves ✓ • There are few animals in large area of land ✓ (Any 1) (1) 3.1.3 Differentiate between subsistence and commercial farming Subsistence farming - Practiced mainly to sustain the family/ less impact to the environment/capital input/labour/technology ✓ (1) Commercial farming - Practiced mainly for selling/generate profit/ more impact to the environment/capital input/labour/technology ✓ (1) 3.1.4 TWO factors to increase animal production • Nutrition/Feeding ✓ • Breeding/reproduction ✓ • General management ✓ • Environment ✓ (Any 2) (2) 3.2 The equipment used in different intensive production systems 3.2.1 Identification of the equipment A Nipple drinkers ✓ (1) B Feeding trough/feeder ✓ (1) C Infra-red light ✓ (1) 3.2.2 TWO reasons for keeping chickens in a shelter • Protection against extreme weather conditions ✓ • Protection from predators/theft ✓ • For easy management/handling/control ✓ • Optimum production ✓ • Upholding biosecurity ✓ (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 7 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 3.3 Animal handling 3.3.1 Reasons for handling cattle A Dehorning ✓ (1) B Milking ✓ (1) 3.3.2 TWO basic guidelines for handling cattle • Announce your approach through a touch to the animals ✓ • Avoid the fight zone ✓ • Use proper handling facilities ✓ • Always leave yourselves a way to get out ✓ • Never prod animals if there is no way to go ✓ • Give them time to adjust before working with them/ move animals slowly at their own pace ✓ • Avoid entering a small area enclosed with animals ✓ • Avoid shouting ✓ • Avoid whipping/throwing objects at animals ✓ • Work with calves in an area isolated from their mothers ✓ • People handling farm animals should be well trained/skilled/ knowledgeable ✓ (Any 2) (2) 3.3.3 TWO effects of incorrect handling of farm animals • Farm animals become more difficult to handle ✓ • Bruises/decrease in quality of products ✓ • Decrease in production/farm animals may die ✓ • Drop in conception rate during AI ✓ • Aggressive/danger to handlers/other animals ✓ (Any 2) (2) 3.4 Animal diseases 3.4.1 Completing the missing information A Ringworm ✓ (1) B Protozoa ✓ (1) C Mastitis ✓ (1) D Virus ✓ (1) E • Aggression/excitement/frequent barking/biting everything ✓ • Froth in the mouth/excessive salivation/drooling ✓ • Running around/circling ✓ • Paralysis of lower jaw and tongue/incoordination ✓ • Seizures and death ✓ (Any 1) (1) 3.4.2 TWO economic implications of contagious animal diseases • Banning of exports and imports/decrease in international trade ✓ • Decreased production/death ✓ • High treatment/vaccination costs to control/prevent diseases ✓ • Loss of income/profit ✓ (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 8 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 3.5 Life cycle of a parasite 3.5.1 Classification of the parasite Internal/endo parasite ✓ (1) 3.5.2 Identification of two hosts • Sheep ✓ (1) • Snail ✓ (1) 3.5.3 TWO pasture management practices to control the parasite • Rotational grazing • Resting the infested pasture ✓ • Avoiding grazing wet areas ✓ • Allow resistant species to graze on the pasture ✓ • Practice zero grazing ✓ • Grazing on clean pastures ✓ • Veld burning/eradication of snails ✓ (Any 2) (2) 3.6 External parasites 3.6.1 Identification of parasites PARASITE A - Nasal worm ✓ (1) PARASITE B - Mites ✓ (1) 3.6.2 ONE symptom of nasal worm • Sneezing and nasal irritation ✓ • Shaking of head to get rid of the parasite ✓ • Severe thick yellow nasal discharge ✓ • Respiratory distress/difficulty breathing ✓ (Any 1) (1) 3.6.3 TWO ways to prevent blowfly strike • Correct timing of shearing ✓ • Clipping of soiled wool/crutching ✓ • Cleaning/treatment of wounds ✓ • Tail docking ✓ • Lambing time after shearing ✓ • Breeding and selection of resistant animals ✓ • Waste management/hygiene/sanitation ✓ (Any 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 9 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 Male and female reproductive organs of cattle 4.1.1 C✓ (1) 4.1.2 D✓ (1) 4.1.3 A✓ (1) 4.1.4 E✓ (1) 4.2 Name of the hormones 4.2.1 Follicle stimulating hormone/FSH ✓ (1) 4.2.2 Oestrogen ✓ (1) 4.2.3 Progesterone ✓ (1) 4.2.4 Follicle stimulating hormone/FSH ✓ (1) 4.3 Sterility and infertility in farm animals 4.3.1 Name of the conditions leading to sterility in farm animals Underdeveloped testis or ovaries - Hypoplasia ✓ (1) 4.3.2 Testis stay attached to the body cavity and do not move down to the scrotum - Cryptorchidism ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 10 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 4.4 Combined bar graph representing the duration of the pro-oestrus and di-oestrus stages in different farm animals The duration of the pro-oestrus and di-oestrus stages in different farm animals 16 Pro-oestrus Di-oestrus 14 12 Duration (Days) 10 8 6 4 2 0 Cattle Sheep Pigs Goats Horses Farm animals CRITERIA/RUBRIC/MARKING GUIDELINES • Correct heading ✓ • X-axis: Correct calibration and labelled (Farm animals) ✓ • Y-axis: Correct calibration and labelled (Duration) ✓ • Correct units (days) ✓ • Combined bar graph ✓ • Accuracy (80%+ correctly plotted) ✓ (6) 4.5 Synchronization of oestrus 4.5.1 Name of the process Synchronization of oestrus ✓ (1) 4.5.2 TWO methods used when performing oestrus synchronization • Injection of prostaglandin ✓ • Injection of synthetic progesterone ✓ • Injection of CoSynch oestrus synchronization/GnRH ✓ • MGA/PG mixed into the feed ✓ • Vaginal insertion of hormones/CIDR ✓ • Ear implantations of progesterone ✓ (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 11 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 4.5.3 TWO disadvantages of the synchronization of oestrus • Labour intensive ✓ • Involves skilled management ✓ • Expensive/high technology ✓ • Requires regular pregnancy testing ✓ • Needs good handling facilities ✓ • Poor body conditions/nutrition/health will affect the process negatively ✓ (Any 2) (2) 4.6 Artificial insemination 4.6.1 Identification of the reproductive technique Artificial insemination/AI ✓ (1) 4.6.2 TWO methods of collecting semen • Use of an artificial vagina ✓ • Use of an electro-ejaculator/electrical stimulation ✓ (2) 4.6.3 ONE advantage of AI • Semen of pure-bred proven/tested bulls can be used ✓ • Decreases the exchange of sexually transmitted diseases ✓ • Quick and economical way to improve the herd ✓ • Semen from bulls from other countries can be used ✓ • Improves the commercial value of the herd ✓ • Semen of one bull can be used to AI many cows ✓ • Semen of superior bulls with desired characteristics can be used long after death/no need to buy/maintain an expensive bull ✓ (Any 1) (1) 4.7 Multiple births 4.7.1 Identification of the twins DIAGRAM A - Dizygotic/fraternal/non-identical twins ✓ (1) DIAGRAM C - Monozygotic/identical twins ✓ (1) 4.7.2 Diagram representing the twins (a) Of the same sex - Diagram C ✓ (1) (b) Physical appearance differ - Diagram A ✓ (1) 4.7.3 The term for the female foetus Freemartin ✓ (1) 4.7.4 The condition of the animal defect Sterility ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 12 DBE/May/June 2024 SC/NSC – Marking guidelines 4.8 Stages of parturition 4.8.1 Identification of stages Diagram A - Ejection of the foetus ✓ (1) Diagram B - Preparatory stage ✓ (1) 4.8.2 Indication of the stage of parturition Ejection/expulsion of the placenta ✓ (1) 4.8.3 ONE behavioural sign displayed by a cow approaching parturition • Cow isolates itself from the herd ✓ • It stops eating ✓ • Cow shows signs of distress and discomfort ✓ • Restlessness, moves in circles, bites or kicks her flank/ walks around ✓ • Makes bellowing noises ✓ • Urinates and defecates often ✓ • Frequent tail raising ✓ (Any 1) (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved