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Grade 12 NSC Preparation
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SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
TOURISM
NOVEMBER 2026 — UNOFFICIAL MARKING GUIDELINES
MARKS: 200
These marking guidelines consist of 18 pages.
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Tourism Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC November 2026 Memo (English)
Grade 12 Tourism Paper 1 memorandum from the NSC November Exam 2026 (English), 18 pages. Read online or download the free PDF.
Tourism · Grade 12 · NSC November Exam · 2026. Unofficial memorandum, Paper 1, 18 pages. Unofficial marking guidelines with full worked answers by Hlayiso for the Grade 12 Tourism Paper 1 NSC November 2026 exam, plus how our prediction compared. Not the official DBE memorandum. Read online or download the PDF.
- Subject
- Tourism
- Grade
- Grade 12
- Language
- English
- Document type
- Memorandum
- Year
- 2026
- Exam period
- NSC November Exam
- Paper
- 1
- Publisher
- Hlayiso
- Curriculum
- CAPS
- Pages
- 18
- File size
- 197.5 KB
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Tourism
2
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
IMPORTANT: These are unofficial marking guidelines prepared by Hlayiso for revision. They
are not the DBE’s official memorandum; the official marking guidelines may differ in mark
allocation and accepted alternatives.
INFORMATION FOR MARKERS
TOPICS IN THE TOURISM CAPS
ABBREVIATION
Topic 1
Tourism sectors
TS
Topic 2
Map work and tour planning
MTP
Topic 3
Tourism attractions
TA
Topic 4
Sustainable and responsible tourism
SR
Topic 5
Domestic, regional and international tourism
DRI
Topic 6
Culture and heritage tourism
CH
Topic 7
Foreign exchange
FX
Topic 8
Communication and customer care
CC
Topic 9
Marketing
M
GENERAL MARKING GUIDELINES
• A tick (✓) shows one mark. Each open question gives full model answers with ticks, followed by
other acceptable answers as bullets (•) without ticks.
• Accept other relevant and correct answers, even if they are not listed. Where a question asks
for TWO/THREE points, mark only the FIRST TWO/THREE points given.
• For 2-mark open answers “(2 x 2)”, “(3 x 2)”: award 1 mark for a fact or a partial answer and 2
marks for a fact that is explained or linked to the source.
• Calculations: marks are given for the operation, the correct rate/time and the answer, as the
ticks show. A correct answer without workings earns full marks. Apply consistent accuracy (CA)
where an incorrect earlier answer is used correctly. Accept a decimal comma or point. Forex
answers are rounded to TWO decimal places.
• Spelling errors in the names of icons and World Heritage Sites are acceptable if the names are
recognisable.
READING OF THE QUESTION PAPER
• Drawn up from photographs of all 26 pages of the question paper (200 marks).
• Answers that depend on our reading of a picture, or on how the DBE has marked a similar item
before, carry a short Hlayiso note. Hlayiso notes are for learners and teachers, not for marking.
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Tourism
3
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
SECTION A: SHORT QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
1.1
1.1.1
C ✓/accommodation
MTP
1.1.2
D ✓/travel clinic
MTP
1.1.3
B ✓/vertical
MTP
1.1.4
C ✓/lungs
MTP
1.1.5
A ✓/sleep under a net
MTP
1.1.6
C ✓/Easy access to the attraction
TA
1.1.7
A ✓/providing accessible bathrooms for people with limited
mobility
TA
1.1.8
C ✓/World Travel Market in London
M
1.1.9
B ✓/Brand South Africa
M
1.1.10 D ✓/Africa’s Travel Indaba in Durban
M
1.1.11
B ✓/Honesty
TS
1.1.12 D ✓/14
CH
1.1.13 C ✓/leave only footprints
SR
1.1.14 C ✓/leave
TS
1.1.15 D ✓/personal hygiene
TS
1.1.16 C ✓/is a secure way for banks to send money and financial
messages internationally
DRI
1.1.17 A ✓/it reduces the risk of theft or fraud
DRI
1.1.18 B ✓/transport arrangements
DRI
1.1.19 A ✓/visitors received per province
DRI
1.1.20 B ✓/The war in the Middle East
DRI
(20 x 1) (20)
Hlayiso note: 1.1.12: the site was inscribed in 2024 and is made up of 14 component
sites in Gauteng, the Free State, the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. 1.1.19: the
table shows how tourists are spread across the provinces (where visitors go), not
spending, length of stay or mode of arrival.
1.2
1.2.1
corporate social investment ✓
SR
1.2.2
Fair Trade Tourism ✓
SR
1.2.3
logo ✓
TS
1.2.4
website ✓
TS
1.2.5
termination of service ✓
TS
(5 x 1) (5)
NOTE: Accept CSI for 1.2.1 and FTT for 1.2.2.
1.3
1.3.1
International Date Line ✓
MTP
1.3.2
euro ✓
FX
1.3.3
Paris, France ✓
MTP
1.3.4
hand ✓
MTP
1.3.5
Japan ✓
FX
(5 x 1) (5)
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Tourism
4
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
Hlayiso note: 1.3.3: jet fatigue is the tiredness after a LONG flight that crosses few or
no time zones (mainly north–south); jet lag comes from crossing many time zones.
Cape Town–Paris is a long overnight flight with a 0–1 hour time difference. The
DBE marked Johannesburg–Paris as jet fatigue in Nov 2024 (Q2.1.4). Windhoek is
a short flight of about 2 hours.
1.4
1.4.1
B ✓/Auschwitz(-Birkenau)
TA
1.4.2
A ✓/bullfights
TA
1.4.3
E ✓/Statue of Liberty
TA
1.4.4
D ✓/Alcázar of Segovia
TA
1.4.5
C ✓/Red Square (St Basil’s Cathedral)
TA
(5 x 1) (5)
Hlayiso note: 1.4.5: picture C is St Basil’s Cathedral, the best-known building on
Red Square. Picture F is the Spasskaya Tower and wall of the Kremlin. The DBE
lists the Kremlin and Red Square as two separate icons, so F is most likely the extra
(distractor) option. The tower does stand on Red Square, so a marker may decide
to accept F, but we do not expect the official memo to list it.
1.5
1.5.1
F ✓/Electronic Boarding Pass
MTP
1.5.2
C ✓/Yellow Fever Certificate
MTP
1.5.3
A ✓/South African Passport
MTP
1.5.4
B ✓/USA Visa
MTP
1.5.5
D ✓/International Driver’s Licence
MTP
(5 x 1) (5)
Hlayiso note: 1.5.1: “digital code” points to the QR code on the electronic boarding
pass (F), not the printed pass (E).
[40]
TOTAL SECTION A:
40
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Tourism
5
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
SECTION B: MAP WORK AND TOUR PLANNING; FOREIGN EXCHANGE
QUESTION 2
2.1.1
(a)
24 ✓
(b)
30° E ✓
• 30° east (meridian)
(c)
15 ✓
• 15°
(3)
MTP
NOTE: (a)–(c) are marked separately, 1 mark each.
2.1.2
Daylight saving time is the practice of moving the clocks ONE hour
forward in summer (and back again in autumn/winter) to make better
use of the longer daylight hours in the evenings. ✓✓
• Setting clocks one hour ahead of standard time during the summer
months.
• Summer time, used mainly in the northern hemisphere (e.g.
Europe, the USA), to have more daylight after working hours.
(2)
MTP
2.1.3
Longer daylight evenings give tourists more time for sightseeing and
outdoor activities. ✓✓
Attractions, restaurants and tour operators can stay open for longer,
which increases income/profits. ✓✓
MTP
• More daylight leads to more spending by tourists (more business
for the hospitality sector).
• Tourists feel safer travelling and exploring in daylight.
• More time for outdoor events, festivals and sport after working
hours.
• Businesses save on electricity/lighting costs.
• Local people have more leisure time after work for domestic
tourism activities.
(2 x 2) (4)
2.2
Cape Town lies further WEST (about 18° E) than Durban (about 31°
E). ✓The earth rotates from west to east, so the sun appears to
move from east to west: it sets first in Durban and later in Cape Town,
although both cities use the same time zone (SAST, UTC +2). ✓
• South African Standard Time is based on the 30° E line of
longitude, close to Durban; Cape Town is about 12° further west,
so its sun time runs about 50 minutes behind the clock.
• Places further west in the same time zone see the sun rise and set
later.
(2)
MTP
Hlayiso note: the 75-minute gap in the cartoon is for illustration only (the note on
the cartoon says so); the real difference is about 50 minutes. Award marks for the
west/east position, not for the number of minutes.
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Tourism
6
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
2.3.1
International tourists ✓✓
• VFR (visiting friends and relatives) tourists
• Inbound tourists (to Brazil)
• Outbound tourists (from the Seychelles)
• Long-haul tourists
• Leisure tourists
(2)
MTP
Hlayiso note: the couple travel between countries to visit their daughter and her
family, so both “international” and “VFR” fit the stem. We expect the official memo
to accept either.
2.3.2
A connecting flight is a flight that passengers change to at an
intermediate airport to continue their journey to the final destination.
✓✓
• The couple flew Victoria–Johannesburg and then took a second
(connecting) flight Johannesburg–São Paulo.
• A journey with two or more flights (different flight numbers), where
passengers change aircraft at a connecting point.
(2)
MTP
2.3.3
5 hours + 3 hours + 11 hours
= 19 hours ✓✓
OR
19 hours ✓✓
(2)
MTP
NOTE: Award 1 mark if the layover is left out (16 hours).
2.3.4
Marking criteria
hlayiso.com
• Time difference Victoria (+4)/São Paulo (−3) = 7 hours ✓
• Subtract the 7 hours to get São Paulo time at departure (02:00) ✓
• Add the total journey time of 19 hours (CA from 2.3.3) ✓
• Arrival time 21:00 ✓
• Arrival date Tuesday, 21 April 2026 ✓
MTP
Victoria: +4
São Paulo: −3
Time difference
= 7 hours ✓
Departure time in Victoria
= 09:00, 21 April 2026
São Paulo time at departure
= 09:00 (−✓) 7 hours = 02:00
Total journey time
= 19 hours
Arrival time in São Paulo
= 02:00 (+✓) 19 hours
= 21:00 ✓Tuesday, 21 April 2026 ✓
OR (via GMT/UTC)
Departure 09:00 Victoria (−4)
= 05:00 GMT, 21 April ✓
05:00 GMT (+✓) 19 hours
= 00:00 GMT, 22 April ✓
00:00 GMT (−3) São Paulo
= 21:00 ✓21 April 2026 ✓
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Tourism
7
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
OR
21:00 on Tuesday, 21 April 2026 ✓✓✓✓✓
NOTE: CA from QUESTION 2.3.3. Award a maximum of 4 marks if the
date is omitted or incorrect (e.g. 22 April). Accept 9 p.m.
(5)
2.4.1
Add specific dates and times for every activity, e.g. departure and
return times of each excursion. ✓✓
Include the name, address and contact details of the
accommodation, with check-in/check-out times. ✓✓
MTP
• Add transport arrangements between the attractions (metro,
taxi/e-hailing, walking) and travel times.
• Include meals/restaurant bookings and free time.
• Show entrance fees, costs and booking reference numbers
(budget).
• Give opening and closing times of the attractions.
• Add emergency numbers, contact details of the guide/tour
operator and safety tips.
• Add short descriptions of the attractions and what to wear or bring.
(2 x 2) (4)
2.4.2
The map shows where the attractions are and the distances
between them, so attractions that are close together can be visited
on the same day, which saves time. ✓✓
The map shows the tourist route, roads and directions, so the couple
can plan the shortest/safest route and will not get lost. ✓✓
MTP
• They can estimate travel times and plan a realistic daily
programme.
• It shows transport options (e.g. metro stations, bus routes), which
helps them choose and budget for transport.
• It shows facilities such as restaurants, markets, parks and
museums near each other.
• They can explore independently without a guide, which saves
money.
(2 x 2) (4)
2.4.3
Eat only food that is freshly cooked and served hot. ✓✓
• Drink only bottled, boiled or treated water (no ice in drinks).
• Wash hands with soap/use hand sanitiser before eating.
• Avoid raw or unpeeled fruit and vegetables, salads and seafood
from street vendors.
• Buy food only from clean, reputable vendors/restaurants.
• Get an oral cholera vaccine at a travel clinic before travelling.
(2)
MTP
2.4.4
Keep passports and other travel documents in the hotel safe/room
safe when they are not needed. ✓✓
Make certified copies or scan the documents (e-mail/cloud storage)
and keep them separate from the originals. ✓✓
MTP
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Tourism
8
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
• Carry documents in a money belt, hidden pouch or anti-theft bag.
• Never leave documents unattended; keep them in hand luggage,
never in checked luggage.
• Carry only a copy of the passport while sightseeing.
• Be alert in crowded places and keep bags closed and in front of
the body.
(2 x 2) (4)
[36]
QUESTION 3
3.1.1
Great British pound ✓✓
• GBP/British pound/pound sterling/£
(2)
FX
3.1.2
The pound has the highest exchange rate against the rand in the
table, so visitors receive the most rand for each pound they
exchange. ✓✓
• The pound is the strongest currency in the table (BBR R21,90):
more buying power in South Africa.
(2)
FX
NOTE: No marks for 3.1.2 if the currency in 3.1.1 is incorrect.
3.1.3
ZAR32 000 (÷ ✓) 16,76 ✓
= USD1 909,31 ✓
(accept $1 909,31)
OR
USD1 909,31 ✓✓✓
NOTE: The bank sells US dollars to the tourist: use the BSR. If the BBR
(16,63) is used (USD1 924,23), award 1 mark for the operation only.
(3)
FX
3.1.4
€600 (× ✓) 18,96 ✓
= ZAR11 376,00 ✓
(accept R11 376,00)
OR
ZAR11 376,00 ✓✓✓
NOTE: The bank buys the euro from the tourist: use the BBR. If the BSR
(19,53) is used (R11 718,00), award 1 mark for the operation only.
(3)
FX
3.2.1
6 March 2026 ✓✓
(2)
FX
NOTE: The day, month AND year are needed. On this date fewer rand
(R16,63) were needed for one US dollar.
3.2.2
South Africans receive more foreign currency for their rand, so
international travel becomes cheaper/more affordable and more
South Africans travel abroad (outbound tourism increases). ✓✓
• Outbound tourists have more buying power and can spend more
at their destination.
• South Africans can travel more often or stay longer overseas.
• Travel agents and tour operators sell more overseas holiday
packages.
(2)
FX
[14]
TOTAL SECTION B:
50
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Tourism
9
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
SECTION C: TOURIST ATTRACTIONS; CULTURE AND HERITAGE TOURISM;
MARKETING
QUESTION 4
4.1.1
Natural ✓✓
(2)
TA
4.1.2
(a)
The Grand Canyon ✓✓
(b)
The Algarve ✓✓
• The Algarve coast, Portugal
• Praia do Carvoeiro (Algarve)
(c)
Machu Picchu ✓✓
NOTE: The name of the icon is required; the country alone is not enough.
Errors in spelling are acceptable if the name is recognisable.
(6)
TA
Hlayiso note: (a) hiker in the south-west of North America = the Grand Canyon (B);
(b) sun-and-sea symbol on the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula = the coastal
town in C; (c) mountain symbol in the Andes = Machu Picchu (A). Picture C appears
to show Praia do Carvoeiro in the Algarve: fishing boats on the sand, limestone cliffs
and white houses on the hill. “Portugal: The Algarve” is on the DBE list of prescribed
world icons, together with the Grand Canyon and Machu Picchu.
4.1.3
Marking criteria
hlayiso.com
• A description of the floating markets ✓✓
• ONE reason why the floating markets are a world icon ✓✓
• ONE way the floating markets preserve the Thai way of life ✓✓
Accept an informal social-media style (hashtags, short sentences). No
marks for format.
TA
Description: Floating markets are traditional markets on the canals
(khlongs) of Thailand, e.g. Damnoen Saduak near Bangkok, where
vendors sell fresh fruit, vegetables, cooked food and souvenirs from
small wooden boats. ✓✓
• Vendors paddle their boats, wear traditional straw hats and trade
directly from boat to boat or to the canal banks.
Reason it is a world icon: It is a unique way of shopping on water
that has existed for more than 100 years and is found almost
nowhere else, so it attracts millions of tourists from around the world.
✓✓
• It is a symbol of Thailand’s culture that appears in travel marketing
worldwide.
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Tourism
10
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
Preserving the Thai way of life: The markets keep the traditional
river trade alive, because families still earn a living by selling local
produce from boats, as their ancestors did. ✓✓
• Traditional skills, food, dress and boat-building are passed on to
the next generation.
• Tourist income encourages local people to keep the canals and
traditions instead of moving to the cities.
(3 x 2) (6)
4.2.1
United Kingdom ✓✓
• UK
• England/Great Britain
(2)
TA
4.2.2
Tower of London ✓✓
• Big Ben/Elizabeth Tower (Palace of Westminster)
• Palace of Westminster/Houses of Parliament
NOTE: Any ONE. Do NOT accept Buckingham Palace or Tower Bridge:
they are not World Heritage Sites.
(2)
TA
4.2.3
The income from entrance fees is used to maintain, conserve and
restore the historic buildings. ✓✓
• It pays the salaries of staff, guides and security (e.g. to protect the
Crown Jewels).
• The site is run by a charity (Historic Royal Palaces) that receives
no government funding.
• It helps to control visitor numbers and prevent overcrowding.
• It funds exhibitions, educational tours and visitor facilities.
(2)
TA
4.2.4
(a)
Overcrowding and long queues reduce the quality of the visitor
experience. ✓✓
The large numbers of visitors cause wear and tear/damage to the
historic buildings and surroundings. ✓✓
TA
• More litter and pollution (noise, air pollution from tour buses).
• Traffic congestion around the icons.
• Vandalism and graffiti.
• Higher maintenance and security costs.
• More pickpocketing and crime targeting tourists.
• Inconvenience and frustration for local residents and workers.
(2 x 2) (4)
(b)
Use online pre-booking with timed-entry tickets to limit the
number of visitors at a time/per day. ✓✓
Promote visits in the off-peak season and at quieter times, e.g. with
lower prices. ✓✓
TA
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Tourism
11
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
• Charge higher prices at peak times (dynamic pricing).
• Use barriers, one-way routes and marked walkways to manage
the flow of people.
• Employ more staff, guides and security at busy times.
• Promote lesser-known attractions to spread visitors.
• Educate visitors with a code of conduct (no littering, no touching).
• Limit the size of tour groups.
(2 x 2) (4)
[28]
QUESTION 5
5.1
12 ✓✓
• twelve
(2)
CH
Hlayiso note: South Africa had 10 sites until July 2024, when “The Emergence of
Modern Human Behaviour: The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa” and
“Human Rights, Liberation and Reconciliation: Nelson Mandela Legacy Sites” were
inscribed. No South African site was added in 2025.
5.2
Maloti-Drakensberg Park ✓✓
• uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park
NOTE: Do not accept iSimangaliso Wetland Park (natural site).
(2)
CH
5.3
Vredefort Dome ✓✓
(2)
CH
5.4.1
The Nama people still follow a semi-nomadic pastoral way of life,
moving with their livestock between seasonal grazing areas. ✓✓
• It is the only area where the Nama still build portable rush-mat
houses (|haru oms).
• It has a very rich succulent Karoo flora, e.g. the “halfmens” plant
(an arid biodiversity hotspot).
• A vast mountainous desert landscape.
• The land is communally owned and managed by the Nama
community.
(2)
CH
5.4.2
ǂKhomani Cultural Landscape ✓✓
• Khomani Cultural Landscape
(2)
CH
5.4.3
World Heritage status gives the sites international recognition, which
attracts more domestic and international tourists to the Northern
Cape. ✓✓
Tourism at the sites creates jobs and income for local communities,
e.g. Nama and San guides, crafters and accommodation owners.
✓✓
CH
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Tourism
12
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
• The sites offer unique cultural experiences (Nama and San
heritage) that add variety to the province’s tourism products.
• UNESCO status helps to attract funding for conservation and
infrastructure (roads, facilities).
• Tourists stay longer and spend more in a less-visited province
(better geographical spread).
• The multiplier effect benefits other local businesses.
• Indigenous knowledge and traditions are preserved for future
generations.
(2 x 2) (4)
[14]
QUESTION 6
6.1
SATourism ✓✓
• South African Tourism
(2)
M
Hlayiso note: the “South Africa – Inspiring new ways” logo belongs to the nation
brand managed by Brand South Africa (see 1.1.9), but SA Tourism runs the
international “South Africa Awaits” campaign. In Nov 2024 (Q6.1) the DBE named
Siya Kolisi as SATourism’s global brand ambassador.
6.2
A well-known, admired person such as Siya Kolisi attracts worldwide
media attention, which increases international awareness of South
Africa as a destination. ✓✓
Brand ambassadors have millions of followers on social media, so
the campaign reaches many potential tourists at a low cost. ✓✓
Fans trust and admire the ambassador, so his recommendation
makes South Africa more credible and appealing, which can
increase tourist arrivals. ✓✓
M
• He represents positive values (unity, success, resilience), which
improves the image of South Africa and counters negative
perceptions.
• Sports fans may visit South Africa to attend matches and events
(sports tourism).
• Personal stories about South Africa make the marketing message
more memorable.
• More visitors lead to economic spin-offs (jobs, foreign income).
(3 x 2) (6)
[8]
TOTAL SECTION C:
50
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Tourism
13
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
SECTION D: TOURISM SECTORS; SUSTAINABLE AND RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
QUESTION 7
7.1.1
The garden is well kept and neatly landscaped, with flowers, trees
and a fountain. ✓✓
The hotel sign is clean and complete/the building is freshly painted
and in good repair. ✓✓
TS
• The driveway and pathways are neat and free of litter and weeds.
• The roof, windows and entrance are well maintained (nothing
broken).
• The entrance looks welcoming and inviting.
(2 x 2) (4)
NOTE: Accept answers that contrast Hotel A with Hotel B (e.g. B has a
broken sign, peeling walls, weeds and litter).
7.1.2
D ✓✓
(2)
TS
7.1.3
The reception desk is cluttered and dirty, with food, used cups,
bottles and loose papers on it. ✓✓
The receptionist is poorly groomed and not in uniform (messy hair,
creased shirt, loose tie) and looks bored/tired. ✓✓
TS
• Poor body language: he leans on his hand and does not greet
guests.
• An “Out of order” sign, torn notices and peeling walls.
• An overflowing rubbish bin.
• The reception sign is old and damaged.
(2 x 2) (4)
7.1.4
The receptionist is neatly groomed and dressed in a uniform with a
name badge. ✓✓
She smiles and has a friendly, welcoming posture (positive body
language). ✓✓
TS
• The reception desk is clean, tidy and organised (service bell ready
for guests).
• Attractive décor, e.g. fresh flowers and a clear reception sign.
• The reception area is well lit and well maintained.
(2 x 2) (4)
7.2
The contract of employment binds the employee to the rules of the
business, including the code of conduct, so staff who do not follow
the rules on dress, grooming and behaviour can face disciplinary
action. ✓✓
• The contract states the job description and dress/uniform
requirements, while the code of conduct sets the standard of
behaviour expected; together they make expectations clear.
• Both are signed/agreed to by the employee, so the employee is
accountable for maintaining a professional image.
• They protect both the employer and the employee because
everyone knows the rules.
(2)
TS
[16]
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Tourism
14
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
QUESTION 8
8.1
Social ✓
• People
Economic ✓
• Profit
NOTE: Accept any order. Do not accept environmental (planet).
(2)
SR
8.2
Solar panels on the roof generate electricity from sunlight
(renewable energy). ✓✓
A wind turbine generates electricity from the wind. ✓✓
SR
• Vegetable gardens: the lodge grows its own (organic) food.
• The lodge is built with natural/local materials, e.g. wood and stone.
• Indigenous plants and natural landscaping around the lodge.
(2 x 2) (4)
8.3
Install rainwater harvesting tanks to collect water for the garden and
toilets. ✓✓
Install a grey-water system to reuse water from showers and basins.
✓✓
SR
• Set up recycling bins and compost food waste for the vegetable
garden.
• Use energy-saving LED bulbs and solar geysers.
• Fit low-flow showerheads and dual-flush toilets.
• Provide bicycles/electric vehicle charging points for guests.
• Educate guests and staff about green practices (e.g. reuse towels,
switch off lights).
• Buy from local suppliers and avoid single-use plastics.
(2 x 2) (4)
NOTE: Do not accept practices that are already shown in the picture (solar
panels, wind turbine, food garden).
8.4
Solar and wind power replace electricity from coal-fired power
stations, so fewer greenhouse gases (CO2) are released. ✓✓
Growing food on site reduces the transport of food (fewer food miles)
and packaging, so less fuel is burned. ✓✓
SR
• Renewable energy reduces the use of diesel generators during
power cuts.
• Local/natural building materials need less energy to produce and
transport.
• Plants and gardens absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
(2 x 2) (4)
NOTE: CA from QUESTION 8.2: the answer must be linked to the
practices identified in 8.2.
[14]
TOTAL SECTION D:
30
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Tourism
15
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
SECTION E: DOMESTIC, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TOURISM;
COMMUNICATION AND CUSTOMER CARE
QUESTION 9
9.1.1
world’s largest/major economies ✓
• 19 countries, the European Union and the African Union
• Group of Twenty
(1)
DRI
Hlayiso note: the African Union became a permanent member in 2023, so “19
countries and the EU” is also correct for older textbooks.
9.1.2
Thousands of delegates, officials, journalists and support staff
travelled to South Africa and used accommodation, transport and
restaurants (business tourism). ✓✓
The summit was broadcast worldwide, which showcased South
Africa as a safe destination that can host major events and attracted
future tourists. ✓✓
DRI
• Many delegates extended their stay or returned later as leisure
tourists, or brought family members.
• South Africa’s reputation as a MICE destination grew, attracting
future conferences.
• Positive word of mouth from visitors.
• Improved infrastructure benefits future visitors.
(2 x 2) (4)
9.1.3
Heavy traffic congestion made travelling to work and school take
longer. ✓✓
Prices of accommodation, goods and services increased during the
summit. ✓✓
DRI
• Residents had restricted access to their homes, workplaces and
businesses near the venue.
• Noise and overcrowding in the city.
• Public transport was disrupted or rerouted.
• Businesses inside the security zones lost income.
• Public money was spent on the summit instead of on local
services.
• Protests caused disruptions.
(2 x 2) (4)
NOTE: Do not accept security or road closures (given in the question).
9.2.1
An unforeseen occurrence is an event that happens
unexpectedly/without warning and that cannot be predicted or
planned for. ✓✓
• An unpredictable event, e.g. a natural disaster such as a wildfire,
flood or earthquake.
(2)
DRI
9.2.2
Hotels, restaurants and attractions (e.g. Shasta State Historic Park)
were destroyed, so they could not receive tourists. ✓✓
Evacuations and road closures led to cancelled bookings and a
decline in tourist arrivals. ✓✓
Smoke pollution made outdoor activities unsafe and unpleasant, so
tourists stayed away. ✓✓
DRI
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Tourism
16
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
• Tourism businesses lost income and staff lost their jobs.
• Negative publicity: California was seen as unsafe for visitors.
• Flights were delayed or cancelled because of poor visibility.
• Damaged infrastructure (roads, power lines) made it difficult to
reach destinations.
• The multiplier effect slowed down, with less foreign income and a
lower GDP contribution.
(3 x 2) (6)
9.2.3
Develop emergency and evacuation plans with early-warning
systems, and inform tourists quickly (apps, SMS, websites). ✓✓
Clear vegetation and create firebreaks around tourism facilities, and
use fire-resistant building materials. ✓✓
DRI
• Train staff in fire safety and evacuation procedures.
• Enforce fire bans (no open fires/barbecues) in parks during dry
seasons.
• Insurance cover for tourism businesses and attractions.
• Marketing/recovery campaigns to restore the image of California
after fires.
• Promote tourism to unaffected areas during and after fires.
• Controlled burning and better forest management.
(2 x 2) (4)
9.3.1
strong ✓
(1)
DRI
9.3.2
It refers to tourist arrivals increasing again and returning to the levels
before the COVID-19 pandemic. ✓✓
• Arrivals dropped to 2,26 million in 2021 and rose every year to
8,92 million in 2024 and about 10 million in 2025.
• The tourism industry is getting back to normal after the decline.
(2)
DRI
9.3.3
These tourists enter South Africa by road (car, bus, taxi or on foot)
through land border posts, mainly from neighbouring SADC
countries. ✓✓
• South Africa shares land borders with Namibia, Botswana,
Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Eswatini and Lesotho.
• Road travel is cheaper than flying for regional visitors (shopping,
VFR, business).
(2)
DRI
[26]
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Tourism
17
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
QUESTION 10
10.1
Smiley faces/emojis are universal symbols that tourists of all
nationalities understand, so there is no language barrier at an
international airport. ✓✓
CC
• It is quick and easy: one press of a button, so more travellers give
feedback (higher response rate).
• Accessible to people who cannot read, children and people with
disabilities.
• No writing or filling in of forms is needed; it is hygienic in a
restroom (no pens or paper to touch).
• The faces show clearly whether the experience was good,
average or poor.
(2)
10.2
Management receives instant (real-time) feedback, so staff can
respond quickly to problems, e.g. send cleaners to a restroom with
poor ratings. ✓✓
CC
• The data identifies problem areas and peak times, so cleaning
schedules and staffing can be planned.
• It measures service quality and the performance of the cleaning
staff/service providers.
• The feedback is anonymous, so travellers give honest ratings.
• The analysed data supports planning and budgeting (e.g.
maintenance, upgrades).
• Clean restrooms improve the airport’s image and tourist
satisfaction, leading to positive word of mouth.
• It is cheaper and less time-consuming than paper surveys; no staff
are needed to collect it.
(2)
NOTE: Accept any relevant reason/benefit. Mark the FIRST answer only.
[4]
TOTAL SECTION E:
30
GRAND TOTAL:
200
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Tourism
18
NSC – Unofficial Marking Guidelines
Hlayiso/November 2026
HOW DID OUR PREDICTION DO?
The real November 2026 paper compared with the Hlayiso 2026 Tourism Prediction (29 October)
Q
Topic (marks)
Real paper asked
Our closest prediction item(s)
Verdict Covered
1
Short
questions (40)
MCQs (travel clinic, TB, malaria, WTM, Brand
SA, Indaba, 14 Mandela sites, SWIFT, prepaid
card); CSI/FTT/logo terms; IDL, euro, jet
fatigue, yen; DBE-list icons; travel documents
Yellow fever, JPY, FIFA 2026,
trade-show MCQs; IDL; visa and jet lag
terms; prepaid card. Our icon match
used other icons
/
17/40
2
Map work, tour
planning (36)
24 zones, 30° E, 15° (3); DST and its benefits
(6); sunset Cape Town vs Durban (2); classify,
connecting flight, 19 h, arrival time and date
(11); itinerary, tourist map, cholera, documents
(14)
Multi-leg flight with a layover, arrival
time and date; DST; layover; itinerary;
keeping belongings safe. No sunset,
map or cholera; our customs item was
not asked
/
19/36
3
Forex (14)
Strongest currency + reason; ZAR→USD at
BSR; EUR→ZAR at BBR; date of the stronger
rand; strong rand and outbound travel
Strongest currency; both conversions;
benefit of a stronger rand
14/14
4
Attractions (28)
Grand Canyon natural; symbols: Grand
Canyon, Algarve, Machu Picchu (6);
floating-markets TikTok post (6); London icons:
country, WHS, entrance fee, mass tourism (12)
Icons from clues (Taj Mahal, Opera
House, Vic Falls); Venice over-tourism:
impacts, access fee, management. Not
the DBE icon list
/
14/28
5
WHS (14)
Number of SA sites; mixed site in KZN;
Vredefort; Richtersveld; ǂKhomani; value to
the Northern Cape
Maloti-Drakensberg as main setup;
Vredefort, Richtersveld, ǂKhomani on
our map
8/14
6
Marketing (8)
SA Tourism campaign (2); brand ambassadors
(6)
Brand-ambassador MCQ; travel
influencers’ advantages
6/8
7
Professional
image (16)
Hotel exterior A vs B; reception C vs D (14);
contract + code of conduct (2)
Contract, code of conduct, a staff
member’s conduct. No pictures of a
business’s appearance
/
6/16
8
Green lodge
(14)
Other two pillars; solar, wind, food garden;
improvements; carbon footprint
TBL pillars, energy-saving paragraph,
grey water, carbon footprint
12/14
9
Global events,
statistics (26)
G20 Johannesburg (9); California wildfires:
unforeseen occurrence, disruption, strategies
(12); recovery of arrivals, land markets (5)
G20 summit benefits and residents (our
headline call); arrivals table; regional
market. No natural disaster
/
12/26
10
Customer care
(4)
“Rate a restroom” smiley-face device: why
emojis, not words (2); one benefit for airport
management (2)
Questionnaire as a feedback tool; how
poor service affects a business;
complaint e-mail. No electronic/emoji
feedback
/
2/4
Marks of the real paper covered by our prediction
110/200
A learner who had practised our prediction paper would have met about 110 of the 200 marks (55%)
as familiar question types. Forex (Q3) and the green lodge (Q8) were covered almost item for item,
and the G20 summit and the multi-leg flight calculation landed. Most losses came from the prescribed
world icons, the wildfire case study and the pictures on a business’s professional image.
What we got right
• The G20 summit in Johannesburg as the global
event, including residents’ inconvenience.
• A multi-leg flight with a layover: journey time,
arrival time AND date; DST.
• Both forex conversions, the strongest currency and
the strong rand.
• Maloti-Drakensberg, Vredefort, Richtersveld and
ǂKhomani.
• Over-tourism and visitor management at an icon;
brand ambassadors; the triple bottom line and the
carbon footprint.
What we missed
• The DBE’s prescribed icons for this cycle (Algarve,
Grand Canyon, Machu Picchu, floating markets,
London, Auschwitz, Alcázar, Red Square): about
20 marks.
• A natural disaster as an unforeseen occurrence (12
marks); the EC September 2025 prelim had the
same wildfire setup.
• Pictures of a business’s professional image
(exterior, reception).
• Sunset and longitude, DST benefits, the tourist
map, cholera, the number of WHS.
• Customs and a paragraph with a format mark (both
“almost certain”) did not appear.
Rating: 5/10. The structure, the G20 call, the flight calculation, forex and the green lodge
were right (110/200 covered). We missed the DBE’s prescribed icons and the wildfire case
study, and two “almost certain” items did not appear.
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