Life Sciences Grade 11 P2 2015 QP & Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NAME OF LEARNER: KZN DEPARTMENT OF EDUACTION GREENBURY SECONDARY SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES NOVEMBER EXAMINATION -2015 LIFE SCIENCES PAPER 2 GRADE 11 EXAMINER: S. SINGH DURATION: 2,5 HOURS MODERATORS: K.GOVENDER, C. JUGDHAW MARKS: 150 DATE: 17 :11: 2015. instructions to Learner: 1. Answer all questions. 2. Number your answers exactly as the questions are numbered. 3. Start each question on a new page. 4. Draw all diagrams in pencil and label in ink. 5. Write neatly and legibly. 6. This paper consists of 11 pages. SECTIONA QUESTION 1 1.1. Various possible answers are given for each of the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write down only the LETTER of the correct answer. 1.1.1. Which of the following is a characteristic of wind pollinated flowers A. Petals are brightly coloured C. Have a sweet scent B. Produce nectar D. Pollen grains are light and dry 1.1.2. Which of the following statements about Gymnosperms is TRUE? A. Has adventitious roots C. Root hairs are absent B. Produce flowers D. Seed is protected in a fruit 1.1.3. Aunicellular organism like Amoeba is different from more complex organisms because it DOES NOT... A. contain tissues C. respond to stimuli B. reproduce D. contain chromosomes PTO / pg 2

Downloaded from hlayiso.com {2 1.1.4, A young woman stepped on a dirty, rusty nail. The diagrams below show bacteria isolated from the wound and a range of antibodies that were already present in her body. The antibodies have a specific shape that binds with the antigen found on the surface of the bacteria. Bacteria Antibodies The bacterium most likely to cause a severe infection is ... A. M. B. N Cc 0 D. P 1.1.5. An investigation was carried out to test the effectiveness of four antifungal treatments on preventing the growth of yeast. The results are shown in the diagram below. : - KEY ycoban Yeast growth . Fungisan No yeast growth | Fungiclear. Antifungal treatment Mycecide ~~ J Which ONE of the following conclusions can be made from the results? A. All the antifungal treatments are equally effective. B. All the antifungal treatments are ineffective. C. Mycocide is most effective and Fungisan is least effective. D. Fungisan is more effective than fungiclear PTO/ pg3

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 1.1.6. An advantage of an exoskeleton ... A. It is impermeable to gases C. It restricts growth B. It prevents dehydration D. The animal cannot move quickly 1.1.7. The following are characteristics of different plant groups: 1 Vascular tissue 2 Seeds 3 Flowers 4 True leaves and roots The characteristics found in angiosperms are... A. 1,2,3 and 4. Cc. 1,2and 4. B. land 4. D. 2,3 and 4. For QUESTIONS 1.1.8 and 1.1.9 refer to the graph below, taken from the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) report. ~? The relationship between age, mass and population size in a commercially harvested fish population 700 600 | 500 400 300 200 4 160 Population sizo nN So Average mass Namber of fish so os Ss {69 ysy fo ssew ebereay o 0123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 o Age (years) {Adapted from: United Nation's Food & Agriculture Organisation (year unknown)]} : | 1.1.8. Which of the following represents the age range during which the fish mortality (death) was the greatest? A. 1to3 years C. 5to7 years B. 3 to 5 years D. 7to9 years 1.1.9. To prevent over-exploitation of the fish population, fish should only be harvested after they have reached an average mass of 10 kg. From which age should the fish be harvested?. A. 3,5 years Cc. 5,5 years B. 4,5 years D. 6,5 years PTO/ pg 4

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 1.1.10. Which of the following illnesses may be caused by pollution? (i) Allergies (ii) Asthma (iii) Cancer (iv) Polio A. (i), (ii) and (iv) B. (i), (ii) and (iii) C. (ii), (iii) and (iv) D. (i) and (iv) 10X2=20 1.2. Give the correct biological term for each of the following statements. 1.2.1. An organism that carries a disease without being affected by it. 1.2.2. A type of reproduction that involves the fusion of gametes. 1.2.3. A drug formed from living organisms (usually bacteria or fungi) which stops or slows down the growth of disease -causing microbes. 1.2.4. The phase in the life cycle of plants where gametes are produced. 1.2.5. The type of skeleton where the muscles act against fluids to bring about movement. 1.2.6. An organism without a true nucleus. 1.2.7. A plant body which is not differentiated into true roots, stems and leaves. 1.2.8. A virus that attacks a bacterium. 1.2.9, A gut which has two digestive openings. 1.2.10. A measure of the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions by an individual, company or a country per year. 10 1.3. Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN | applies to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A and B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A ONLY, B ONLY BOTH A and B or NONE next to the question number. . Athlete's foot 1.3.5. The body's inherent ability to produce . Natural immunity COLUMN I COLUMN II 1.3.1. All organisms of this phylum are A. Porifera sessile. B. Chordata 1.3.2. Greenhouse gases A. Carbon Dioxide B. Methane 1.3.3. Part of seed which provides nutrients | A. Testa for germinating embryo B. Endosperm 1.3.4. Disease caused by a virus A. Cholera B. A. B antibodies and fight diseases ~ Aquired immunity 10 PTO/ pg5

Downloaded from hlayiso.com [5 1.4. Study the diagram, representing three animals and answer the questions that follow, A B Arthropoda Porifera Cnidaria 1.4.1. State the type of symmetry in organism: 1.4.2. a) A b) B c) C Write down the LETTER representing the animal that... a) has an exoskeleton b) has cephalisation c) possesses a blind gut. d) filter feeds e) possesses stinging cells f) has acoelenteron g) has no tissues or organs present SECTION A TOTAL 50 (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (10) PTO/pg6

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1. Scientists often use features of morphology (external and internal structural characteristics) as well as development, to classify animals into various groups. The anirmal groups are defined, on the basis of their body symmetry and body plans. Stucty the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow. ectoderm smn oo £) 4 endoderm — WN / mesoderm AES IP RAGRAM A DIAGRAM B 2.1.1. 2.1.2. 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 2.1.5, identify the body plans represented by: a) Diagram A b) Diagram B. (2) Provide a label for part Y. (1) State TWO functions of the part that you labelled in question 2.1.2. above.(2) Describe TWO significances of a through gut in organisms, (2) Scien tists often use the body plans of animals to determine its level of complexity. Rearrange the following animal groups from the most primitive (simp Fe) to the most complex (advanced): Write down only the LETTER of the correct answer next to the question number. a) Plartyhelminthes b) Annelida c) Cnidaria (3) (10) PTO/ p7

Downloaded from hlayiso.com [7 2.2. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. iT ] ' I i Plant A Plant B i 2.2.1. Identify the plant group to which each of the following belong: a) Plant A b) Plant B (2} 2.2.2. Which numbered structure in plant A is haploid. (1) 2.2.3. Name the structure that produces spores in plant B. : (1) 2.2.4, _ Explain briefly why both plants A and B above require cool, damp conditions as an ideal environment to live in. (2) 2.2.5, List FOUR features that appeared during the evolution of plants that were adaptations toa terrestrial mode of life. (4) (10) 2.3. The table below shows the amount of solid waste generated in a town and that was disposed of in landfill sites over a period of six years. YEAR 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 TOTAL SOLID 255 276 300 330 388 428 WASTE (TONS) 2.3.1, Describe the trend with regards to solid waste production in this town. (1) 2.3.2. In which year was the solid waste generated the highest? (1) 2.3.3. List TWO strategies that could be used by municipalities to slow the rate at which solid waste is generated in the town. (2) 2.3.4. One problem associated with landfills is leaching. Explain what is meant by this term. (2). 2.3.5, Tabulate ONE difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances and give one example of each. (4) (10) PTO /Pg8

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 18 2.4, Decomposition is caused by micro-organisms that occur freely in soil as well as inside organisms. A scientist wants to investigate the decomposition of leaves in three different cubes. All three cubes have the same valume (1000 cm*) and are buried in the soil. He designs an experiment that lasts for twelve months, where he determines the percentage decomposition in each cube (A, B, and C) every month. Cube A consists of a wooden frame covered with porous material, eg. muslin, while cube B is made of pine wood and cube C is made of glass. MONTHS % DECOMPOSITION CubeA Cube B Cube C January __ 0 0 0 February 20 5 0 March 50 10 0 April ; 70 20 1 May 85 20 2 June 90 20 2 July 90 23 3 August 92 25 2 September 93 28 2 October 91 30 2 November 93 32 5 December 93 35 5 2.4.1, Write e HYPOTHESIS for the above investigation. (2) 2.4.2. Identify the following variables: a} Independent (1) b) Dependent (1) 2.4.3. In which cube did the fastest decomposition of leaves occur? (1) 2.4.4. How did the scientist ensure that the results of his investigation was valid? (1) 2.4.5. Draw and label a generalised structure of a bacterium. (4) (10) [40] PTO/ pg 9

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 19 QUESTION 3 The following diagram shows one of the changes in the growth of a fungus. ! t | — | 3.1.1. Provide labels for parts C and E. (2) 3.1.2. State the function of part labelled B (4) 3.1.3. State the type of nutrition that occurs in the above organism. Give a reason for your answer. (2) 3.1.4. Name TWO suitable conditions for the rapid growth of the above fungus. (2) 3.1.5. Explain one use of fungi in medicine. (1) 3.1.6. Discuss the economic importance of fungi. (3) (11) 3.2. Study the diagram of a flower and answer the questions that follow on page 10. | | | | i 1 ' PTO/ pg 10 3.2.1.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com { 10 3.2.1. Provide labels for parts A,B and D. (3) 3.2.2. State ONE function of the part labelled B . (1) 3.2.3. Define the term pollination (2) 3.2.4. What do the following structures develop into after fertilization? a) C (1) b) E (1) 3.2.5. State THREE reasons why plants become so endangered that their seeds need to be stored. (3) 3.2.6. Explain how seeds of gymnosperms differ from the seeds of angiosperms (2) 3.2.7. State ONE significance of seeds as.a source of food. (1) (14) 3.3. The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) conducted a survey on food security across the provinces. The result showed that the overall percentage of food- secure households in South Africa is 45,6 as opposed to 48 in 2008. The results showing the percentage of food insecure households in each province according to the latest survey are shown in the table below. Province _ Percentage of food insecure households. Eastern Cape 36 Limpopo 31 Mpumalanga 30 Free State 29 KwaZulu natal 28 Northern cape 21 Gauteng 19 Western cape 16 3.3.1, What is meant by food security? (2) 3.3.2. Use the data in the table to draw a bar graph for the four provinces that have the highest percentage of food insecure households. (7) 3.3.3. State how the use of fertilizers by farmers can: a) Increase food security for a country (1) b) Decrease food security for a country. (1) 3.3.4. State how the use of pesticides by farmers can: a) Increase food security for a country (1) b) Decrease food security (1) 3.3.5. State TWO factors, other than the use of fertilizers and pesticides which may have led to a decrease in the percentage of food secure households in South Africa since 2008. (2) (15) [40] SECTION 8 TOTAL: 80 PTO/ Pg 14

Downloaded from hlayiso.com | 14 SECTIONC ESSAY It has been found that as many as 2 billion people won't have sufficient access to clean water by 2050. That figure is expected to rise to 3.2. billion by 2080- nearly tripling the number of people who now do without water. Write an essay describing the factors that may influence the availability of water and the factors that may influence the quality of water. _ Content 17 Synthesis 3 Total 20 NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts or diagrams. SECTION C: 20 GRAND TOTAL 150 GREENBURY SECONDARY SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF MATHS & SCIENCES

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Downloaded from hlayiso.com MEMORANDUM NOVEMBER EXAMINATIONS --2015 LIFE SCIENCES PAPER 2 SECTION A QUESTION 1 11.1. Dee 1.2.1. vector ~~ 1.3.1. Aonly << 1.1.2. ¢ 4 4.2.2. sexual ~ 1.3.2. Both A and B 113, A 4 1.2.3. antibiotic 1.3.3. Bonly 114. BS 1.2.4. gametophyte 1.3.4. None << 115. CC® 1.2.5. hydrostatic ~ 1.3.5. Aonly << 116. BS 1.2.6. prokaryote. (10) 117. AS 1.2.7. thallus 118. Ao 1.2.8. bacteriophage” 119. ¢ & 1.2.9. through gut ~*~ 1.1.10. B 1.2.10. carbon footprint (20) (10) 1.4.1. A. Bilateral ~~ B. Asymmetrical ~~ C. Radial 14.2. a) Ae b) AL dp cH d) 8% e) Cc 4 ; 7 c% | 8 (10) TOTAL 50 ql GREENBURY SECONDARY SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF MATHS & SCIENCES oy H.0.D. Mp i, PILLAY P\

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1.1. A - Diploblastic v B - Triploblastic v {2) 2.1.2. Y ~Coelom v (1) 2.1.3. * It allows for materials to diffuse rapidly V through the fluid in the coelom to body fluids ANY 2 (2) * Serves as a hydrostatic skeleton V * Allows for organs to develop Vv * Separates gut from body wall Vv 2.1.4. * Allows for specialization of different V parts of digestion system * The ingestion , digestion and egestion V are systematic processes ANY 2 (2) * No mixing of digested and undigested food Vv 2.1.5. C,A,B (3) (10) 2.2.1. A--Bryophyte v B -- Pterophyte v (2) 2.2.2. 2V (1) 2.2.3. Sporangia v (1) 2.2.4. The sperms Vv of both plants depend on water in order to swim to the ova V (2) 2.2.5. * Presence of roots to absorb water from the soil v * Presence of Xylem and phloem / vascular tissue for transport of water Vv / food v * Leaves covered with waxy cuticle to prevent dessication Vv * Stomata on leaves for gaseous exchange * Not dependent on water for fertilization ANY4 (4) * Seeds dispersed by land animals v/ wind V * spores dispersed by wind (10) 2.3.1. As the years increase, the amount of solid waste produced also increases. V (4) 2.3.2. 2004V (1) 2.3.3. * Encourage / educate people to/ about recycling V * Educate people about landfill sites v * Have varying municipal waste disposal tariffs based on the non-recyclable waste. ANY 2 * Charge people according to the amount of waste produced , for removal. (2) * Teach people how to build their own compost heaps. * Fine people who dump their waste incorrectly. 2.3.4. When the soluble by-products/toxins from decaying v wastes leak into the soil and enter the ground water. V (2) 2.3.5. BIODEGRADABLE NON-BIODEGRADABLE The ability of a substance to be broken jeThe inability of a substance to break down into simpler substances by down into simpler substances by natural process of decay V natural process of decay V sag. paper/ fruit / veg V Eg. plastic/ glass/ rubber V (4) Pa

2.4.1. 2.4.2. 2.4.3. 2.4.4, 2.4.5. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Decomposition will occur faster v / slower in Cube AV / Cube B/ Cube C (2) a) Cube A/B/C v b) % decomposition Vv (2) Cube A Vv (1) He used the same volume cubes. v/ Time was the same in all 3 cubes any 1 (1) Caption Vv Correct diagram Vv &) Labels vv a F lace ifn “s 7 (10) \ Shiiwe Colbgule JL. ext) Wout) CRA wr wuniy roe nucleota Cute plas 3

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (2) (1) (2) (2) (1) (3) (3) (1) (2) (2) (3) (2) (1) (11) (14) M Tape Sf widhh J sbace . ) QUESTION 3 3.1.1. C-Sporangium Vv E - Rhizoid V 3.1.2. Germinates into new mycelium / reproduction. v 3.1.3. Saprophytic v Feeds on decaying material v 3.1.4. dark vV/warmv / moist 3.1.5. used to make antibiotics to treat certain illnesses. V 3.1.6. Source of food Vv used in cheese making Vv Yeast used in bread making v Yeast used in beer and wine making = V ANY 3 3.2.1. A-- petal Vv B -- Antherv D -- Stigma Vv 3.2.2. Produces pollen grains V 3.2.3. Transfer of pollen from the anther v to stigma v of flower 3.2.4. C-seedv E - fruit v 3.2.5. * habitat destruction V * climate change V * outbreak of disease V ANY 3 * poor agricultural practice 3.2.6. Gymnosperms seeds are naked V angiosperm seeds are protected in a fruit. V 3.2.7. cereals serve as a source of energy V Nuts and beans serve as a source of protein Nuts serve as a source of oil 3.3.1. Having access to enough food v on a daily basis so as to ensure healthy living Vv (2) 3.3.2. Bar graph showing percentage of food insecure households in 4 provinces |“ J/g J wu 8 v “A 33 yo 36 ® 4 30 _ BO, Ss hy 40 20} ot evo fo) eee" Lisfope mlimalnga Free Bore, Va Prov wks . 3.3.3. a) Fertilizers provide nutrients that increase crop growth. V b) Fertilizers are expensive - causes food prices to increase v/ (1) overuse can deprive soil of oxygen which will reduce crop production. (1) PA

3.3.4, 3.3.5, Downloaded from hlayiso.com a) Pesticides ensure that pests do not cause large scale damage to crops V b) Pesticides could kill pests as well as their predators - hence more pesticides would have to be used , raising the cost of food. V massive unemployment in the country V increase in size of human population V farms destroyed for development decrease in subsistance farming prolonged unfavourable environmental conditions Pe (1) (1) (2) (15)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com ESSAY Availability of water , . « Increased temperatures” cause a high level of evaporation’ from many water sources thus decreasing the amount of water available * The construction of additional dams” can assist greatly in increasing the quantity : of water storedv’. ; i * The conservation of our wetlands” are important in that they provide water for domestic and livestock use as well as for irrigation”. The vegetation in the i wetlands also helps in purifying the water naturally” : e A large amount of water used for irrigation is lost” due to poor farming practices, Open drain irrigation leads to loss of water by evaporationy’. The use of water for irrigation further up a river” decreases the availability of water for other users tower down in the riverv’. Ploughing downhill instead of in contours causes loss of water through rapid drainage” e® The use of fertilizers and pesticides” have also decreased the amount of clean water available, thus increasing costs involved in purification” e Exotic plants often have deep rooting systemsv’ that obtain water from deep down in the water table. This reduces the amount of water availablev ® Boreholes” have been used in areas that. do not have direct access to other sources of water” © Acertain amount of water is available freev to all citizens. e Availability is also affected by wastage” of water through leaking taps and toilets and faulty pipelinesv’. * Wastage of water can be reduced by reducing the pressure in the pipes”, by educating wiser use of water” and by maintaining all plumbing in good condition”. Quality of water e Water used for domestic purposes contains detergents and pathogenic bacteria in sewage. This water has to be treated before it gets into the water course” i e Improper sanitation’ increases the chances of water being polluted and hence increases the chances of water-borne diseases” | e Water used for industrial purposes may contain many heavy metals, oil, heat and fertilizers”. This adversely affects the quality of the water e Water used for agriculture my contain pesticides and herbicides and fertilizers” which pollute the water causing eutrophication’. The oxygen level in the water is decreased thus reducing the potential for life in such water” © Water returned to the environment from minesv is generally acidic and toxic’. This water is hot and thus contributes to thermal pollution”. Thermal pollution also reduces the availability of oxygen in the watery’. « Alien invasive water plants” clog the waterways, reducing light to other aquatic plants”. These plants die and decomposeY, The bacteria deplete the oxygen supply in the water” Content (17) Synthesis (03) : (20) i Assessing presentation of essay ( Synthesis) RELEVANCE LOGICAL SEQUENCE COMPREHENSION All information provided is Ideas arranged in a logical/ Answered all aspects required relevant to the topic cause- effect sequence by the essay All information relevant to All factors are mentioned and 3/6 factors mention and factors that influence explained logically explained for availability of availability of water and quality water _of water only 3/5 factors mentioned regarding quality of water 1 MARK 1 MARK 1 MARK P&