Physical Sciences Grade 12 P2 Mpumalanga June 2025 QP

education MPUMALANGA PROVINCE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY P2 JUNE 2025 MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 14 pages and 4 data sheets. Copyright reserved Please turn over

MDE/June 2025 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 10. i 12. Write your name in the appropriate space on the ANSWER BOOK. This question paper consists of SEVEN questions. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. Start EACH question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Leave ONE line between two sub questions, for example between QUESTION 2.1 and QUESTION 2.2. You may use a non-programmable calculator. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments. You are advised to use the attached DATA SHEETS. Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations. Round off your final numerical answers to a MINIMUM of TWO decimal places. Give brief motivations, discussions, et cetera where required. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

MDE/June 2025 QUESTION 1 : MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Four options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Each question has only ONE correct answer. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A — D) next to the question number (1.1 — 1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example, 1.11 E. 1.1. Which ONE of the following compounds is an alkyne? A CeHi2 B CaHe Cc CroH22 D C4HsO (2) 1.2 Which ONE of the following is a functional isomer of ethyl propanoate? A 4 H it i H | in a an nan H H H H B ie) cE TY H—C—C—C—C—C—O—H } | ot H H HH ° LiiLiia See peon H H H H H (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

MDE/June 2025 4.3. For which ONE of the following pairs of compounds will X have a higher boiling point than ¥? X Y A CH3CH(CHs)CH3 | CHsCH2CH2CHs B CHsCHs3 CH3CH2CH3 Cc CHsCH2CH2CH3 =| CH3CHsCOCH3 D CH3COOH CH3sCH2CH20H 1.4 Ethanol can be converted into other carbon-containing compounds using the reactants as shown in the flow chart below. Ethanol Ee Compound P Her reaction 1 reaction 2 Compounds P and Q are, respectively: P Q A Ethene Bromoethane B Ethanoic acid Ethanol Cc Ethene Bromoethene D Ethanol Ethanoic acid 1.5 to the following equation: Compound Q A piece of magnesium ribbon reacts with excess hydrochloric acid according Mg(s) + 2HC&(aq) + MgCfo(aq) + Ha(g) Which ONE of the following changes will NOT affect the reaction rate? A B Cc D Putting the reaction mixture in a hot water bath Using the same mass of powdered magnesium Increasing the volume of the hydrochloric acid Increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid. Copyright reserved (2) (2) (2) Please turn over

MDE/June 2025 1.6 | Which ONE of the reaction rate versus time graphs below best represents the reaction between magnesium and EXCESS dilute hydrochloric acid? A B 2 2 g & c c £ gS oO oO oO o Do oO & a ——— Time Time D 2 2 © i sf £ i=] = 2 Re] oO aa] oO g ®D o a [W4 Time Tim ° (2) 1.7 Which ONE of the following will NOT affect the equilibrium position of reversible chemical reactions? A B Cc D Temperature Catalyst Pressure Concentration (2) 1.8 The reaction given below reaches equilibrium in a closed container. The Ke value is 0,04 at a certain temperature. 2S02(g) + O2(g) = 2SOs(g) AH <0 Which ONE of the following factors will change the Ke value to 0,4? A B Cc D Increase in pressure Decrease in pressure Increase in temperature Decrease in temperature (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

MDE/June 2025 1.9 During a titration to determine the concentration of an acid using a standard solution of a base, a learner pipettes the base into a conical flask. The learner then uses a small amount of water to rinse the inside of the flask so that ail the base is part of the solution in the flask. How will the extra water added to the flask affect the results of this titration? The concentration of the acid ... A cannot be determined. will be lower than expected. B Cc will be higher than expected. D will be the same as expected. (2) 1.10 Which ONE of the following statements is ALWAYS true for monoprotic acids? A The lower the concentration of the acid solution, the weaker the acid. B There will be more H30* ions in 100 cm of a strong acid solution than in 100 cm° of a weak acid solution. Cc The pH of a strong acid is lower than the pH of a weak acid. D One mole of a strong acid will produce more H30* ions in water than one mole of a weak acid. (2) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over

MDE/June 2025 QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page) The letters A tot H in the table below represent EIGHT organic compounds. H,C—CH, A| 2,4-dichloro-3-ethyl-6-methyloctane | B He — th — 0 — By CH, CHg Viti nh a a ek D | CH3CH2CHOHCH3 | HH H O = E fe) II F | CsHi2 H3C—C—OH —- G} CHsCOCH2CH3 H | Butan-1-ol 2.1 Write down the LETTER(S) that represents the following 2.1.1. A functional isomer of compound G. 2.1.2 Ahaloalkane 2.1.3. Belongs to the same homologous series as compound H. 2.2 Write down the: 2.2.1 IUPAC name of compound B. 2.2.2 Structural formula of compound A. 2.2.3. Name of the homologous series to which compound C belongs. 2.2.4 Structural formula of the FUNCTIONAL GROUP of compound G. 2.3. Consider compound D 2.3.1 Define the term positional isomer. 2.3.2 Write down the STRUCTURAL FORMULA of the positional isomer of compound D. 2.3.3. Is compound D a PRIMARY, SECONDARY or TERTIARY alcohol? Give a reason for the answer. (1) (1) (1) (3) (3) (1) (1) (2) (2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

MDE/June 2025 2.4 Compound E and H are heated together in the presence of a catalyst in a test tube to produce an ESTER. Write down the: 2.4.1 Name of the reaction that takes place. (1) 2.4.2 NAME or FORMULA of the catalyst used. (1) 2.4.3. STRUCTURAL FORMULA of the ester that is produced. (2) 2.4.4 IUPAC name of the ester that is produced. (2) 2.5 The reaction below illustrates the complete combustion of compound F in EXCESS oxygen. CsHi2 + 802 — 5CO2 + 6H2O0 45 g of compound F reacts completely with oxygen at standard temperature and pressure (STP). If the percentage yield of carbon dioxide (CO2z) is 76%, calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed. (5) [28] Copyright reserved Please turn over

QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.) MDE/June 2025 Students use alcohols A to C to investigate a factor that affects the boiling point of alcohols. They use equal volumes of each alcohol and heat them separately in a water bath. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Compounds Alcohols A CH3OH B CHsCH20H | c CH3CH2CH20H Define the term boiling point. (2) What property of alcohols makes it necessary for them to be heated in a water bath? (1) What structural requirements must the alcohols meet to make this a fair comparison? (2) Write down the: 3.4.1 Independent variable. (1) 3.4.2 Name of the FUNCTIONAL GROUP of these compounds. (1) 3.4.3. IUPAC name of compound B (1) Which ONE of the three compounds has the HIGHEST boiling point? (1) Explain the answer to QUESTION 3.85 in full. (3) The boiling point of compound C is now compared with that of compound X. ~ GOMPOUND BOILING POINT (°c) Cc CH3CH2CH20H 98 px ; CHsCOOH 118 3.7.1. Besides the conditions used to determine boiling points, give a reason why this is a fair comparison. (1) 3.7.2 Fully explain the difference in the boiling points of compounds C and X. (4) [17] Copyright reserved Please turn over

QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page.) MDE/June 2025 The flow chart below shows how alkenes can be used to prepare other organic compounds. The letters A to G represent different organic reactions. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Compound 5 G Bra (es ese) c Bute —xX Compound 4 Compound 1 a ut-t-ene | __| (Main product) D B | HCce % Compound 2 E | Compound 3 (Main product) (Main product) + NaCt + Write down the type of reaction represented by: 41.1 C 4.1.2 F 413 D For reaction A write down the: 4.2.1. IUPAC name of compound 4. (1) (1) (1) (2) 4.2.2.NAME or FORMULA of the inorganic reactant needed for this reaction. 4.2.3 Type of addition reaction. For reaction G, bromine water is added to compound 1. (1) (1) 4.3.1 Is compound 1 a saturated or unsaturated? Give a reason for the answer. 4.3.2 Write down the reaction condition for this reaction. Write down a_ balanced chemical FORMULAE for reaction E. (2) (1) equation using STRUCTURAL (6) For reaction B write down two reaction conditions required for this reaction (2) Copyright reserved [18] Please turn over

MDE/June 2025 QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page.) A student is asked to design an industrial process to produce sulphuric acid. 5.1. One of the reactions in the production of sulphuric acid is the roasting (heating in oxygen) of a metal ore that contains lead(II) sulphide: 2PbS(s) + 302(g) > 2PbO(s) + 2SO2(g) The student does a test experiment in which 36,8 g of O2 gas completely reacts with 800 g of the metal ore. All of the PbS in the ore reacts, and ONLY the PbS in the ore reacts wiih the oxygen. 5.1.1. Calculate the amount (in moles) of O2 that reacted. (3) 5.1.2 Calculate the mass of pure PbS in the metal ore. (3) 5.1.3. Calculate the percentage mass of the PbS in the metal ore. (2) 5.2 In another experiment, 50 g of sulphur trioxide reacts with water: SOa(g) + H2O(£) + H2SOa(e) The amount of sulphur trioxide present in the container is monitored over time. The following graph is plotted: a Mass of SO3 (g) Time (min} 5.2.1. Write down the formula of the limiting reactant. (1) 5.2.2 At what time on the graph was the reaction rate the fastest. (1) 5.2.3. What happened at 6 minutes. (1) 5.2.4 Define the term reaction rate. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

5.2.5 6.2.6 5.2.7 MDE/June 2025 Calculate the rate of the reaction in (g:s') during the first 2 minutes. Copy the above graph in your answer book. On the same set of axes, use a DOTTED LINE to show the curve that will be obtained when the temperature increases. No numerical values are required. In terms of the COLLISION THEORY, explain why the rate of a chemical reaction increases with increasing temperature. QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page) 6.1 6.2 Copyright reserved Nitrosyl chloride (NOC) is a yellow gas that decomposes into colourless nitrogen monoxide gas (NO) and green chlorine gas (Cfz2) at temperatures above 100 °C. 2NOCU(g) = ZNO(g) + Cfa(g) Yellow Green Consider an equilibrium mixture of NOC, NO, and Cfz, which is initially yellow-green, in a sealed container. 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 Explain the term closed system. NO(g) is added to the container at constant volume. What colour change will be observed in the container. Explain the answer State Le Chatelier's principle. When the pressure in the container is changed, the colour becomes green. Use Le Chatelier's principle to explain whether the pressure was INCREASED or DECREASED. The Haber process uses nitrogen and hydrogen gases to produce ammonia gas, represented in the reversible reaction below. Na(g) + 3H2(g) = 2NHs(g) (3) (2) (3) [23] (1) (4) (2) (4) Please turn over

MDE/June 2025 The Haber process was researched. The graph (below) shows how the percentage yield of ammonia is affected by changes in temperature and pressure. 120 \ \\ \\\ \ 80 \ \V AN 60 - \ AL 40 \ “J \ \ IN “™ 400 atmosphere NX NTS 200 atmosphere 20 : Fs; 100 atmosphere N ~ 1 50 atmosphere 100 200 300 400 Temperature (°C) OY, 100 Amount ammonia produced (%) In industry, the Haber process is typically operated at a temperature of 250 °C and a pressure of 200 atmospheres (200 atm). 6.2.1 Is the forward reaction in the Haber process EXOTHERMIC or ENDOTHERMIC? (1) 6.2.2 Explain the answer to Question 6.2.1 in terms of Le Chatelier's principle by referring to the graph. (4) 6.2.3. What is the percentage yield of ammonia at 250 °C and 200 atmosphere? (1) 6.3 Asolution is prepared by dissolving 4 mol of CuC£3-_ completely in water to make a solution of volume 2 dm°. When equilibrium is established, there are 2,2 mol of Cu(H20)2" ions present at 25 °C. Cu(H:0)2"(aq) + 4Ct-(aq) = CuCe?-(aq) + 6H20(t) Determine the value of the equilibrium constant, Ke, for this reaction at 25 °C. (8) [25] Copyright reserved Please turn over

MDE/June 2025 QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.) Consider the following balanced chemical equations showing some acid-base reactions. A HNO3 + KOH — KNO3 + H2O0 B H2SO3 + H20 = HSO3 + H30* 7.1. Define an acid according to the Lowry- Bronsted theory. (2) 7.2 Consider the chemical equations (A and B) above. 7.2.1. Describe the term amphoteric substance. (2) 7.2.2 Write down the formula of an amphoteric chemical substance (other than H20). (1) 7.2.3. Write down the formulae of the conjugate acid-base pairs in reaction B. (2) 7.3. Which indicator must be used in reaction A. Choose from METHYL ORANGE, BROMOTHYMOL BLUE or PHENOLPHTHALEIN. Give a reason for the answer (3) 7.4 Consider reactions A and C, shown below. A: HNO3 + KOH — KNOs3 + H20 C: 2HNO3 + Na2zCOz3 — 2NaNOs + CO2 + H20 A 13 g, impure sample of KOH is initially dissolved in 200 cm® of a 1,2 mol-dm’ nitric acid solution. The nitric acid was in EXCESS. Assume that the volume remains constant. - a HNO; | 4 a 50 cm* of the resulting solution was then titrated to neutralisation using 23,67 cm® of a standard 0,85 mol-dm~? sodium carbonate solution. 7.4.1. Determine the amount (in mol) of nitric acid that was added to the KOH. (2) 7.4.2 Calculate the percentage purity of the KOH sample. (9) [21] TOTAL [150] Copyright reserved Please turn over

MDE/June 2025 DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12 PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY) GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 12 VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE) TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES NAME/NAAM SYMBOL/SIMBOOL _ | VALUE/WAARDE Standard pressure 8 5 Standaarddruk _ P sameeren Molar gas volume at STP 3amart Molére gasvolume by STD Ve ane mae Standard temperature 6 Standaardtemperatuur T 273K Avogadro's constant Na 6,023 x 1023 mot" TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES n= m n= uJ M Ny N oor ¢ = nin 7 MV Vn My _ Sa Ve pH = -log[Hs0*] ny cy, Ve Kw = [Hs0*][OH’] = 1 x 10° at/ by 298 K Ect = FSatode “ aca / = a Eatode ~ Ee os OR/OF Ey = Ereduatin ~ Er idion i =a = Ecko ~ F esciae OR/OF Ee = Biers agent — =e agent / Ey sal CE Raaarariiat ms = ee Copyright reserved Please turn over

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Increasing strength of oxidising agents/ Toenemende sterkte van oksideermiddels Copyright reserved TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENSTIALS TABEL 4A: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE Half-reactions/Halfreaksies E® (V) Fog)+2e = 2F + 2,87 Co*¥+e = Co* + 1,81 H202+2H*+2e = 2H20 +1,77 MnO;+ 8H*+5e = Mn*+4H20 +1,51 Ch(g)+2e = 2C¢ + 1,36 Cr,03 +14H*+4e = Cr+ +7 H2O + 1,33 O2(g)+4H*+4e° = 2H20 + 1,23 MnOz+ 4H* + 2e = Mn** +2H2O0 + 1,23 Pt+2e = Pt + 1,20 Bro(fy+2e = 2Br + 1,07 NO; +4H*+3e° = NO(g)+2H2O —-+0,96 Hg +2e = Hg(t) + 0,85 Ag'te = Ag + 0,80 NO; +2H*+e = NO2(g)+H2O +0,80 Fe*+e = Fe* +0,77 O2(g)+ 2H* + 2e° = H202 + 0,68 k+2e = 2b + 0,54 Cut+e = Cu + 0,52 SO2+4H*+4e = S+2H20 + 0,45 2H20+O2+4e = 40H + 0,40 Cu*+2e = Cu + 0,34 $02 +4H'+2e = SO2(g)+2H20 + 0,17 Cu*+e = Cut + 0,16 Sn**+2e = Sn* +0,15 S+2H'+2e = H2S(g) +0,14 2H*+2e = H2(g) 0,00 Fe*+3e = Fe — 0,06 Pb**+2e = Pb - 0,13 Sn**+2e = Sn -0,14 Ni?*+2e = Ni - 0,27 Co*+2e = Co — 0,28 Cd**+2e = Cd — 0,40 Cet+e = Cr -0,41 Fe*+2e = Fe — 0,44 Cre++3e = Cr -— 0,74 Zn*+2e = Zn — 0,76 2H20 + 2e° == Ha(g) + 20H” — 0,83 Cr*+2e = Cr - 0,91 Mn?*+2e = Mn — 1,18 At®* + 3e = At — 1,66 Mg**+2e = Mg — 2,36 Nat +e = Na —2,71 Ca**+2e = Ca — 2,87 Srt+2e = Sr — 2,89 Ba**+2e = Ba — 2,90 Cs*t+e = Cs - 2,92 Ktte = K - 2,93 Lite = Li — 3,05 MDE/June 2025 Increasing strength of reducing agents/Toenemende sterkte van reduseermiddels Please turn over

Increasing strength of oxidising agents/Toenemende sterkte van oksideermiddels Lopyright reservea TABLE 4B: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENSTIALS TABEL 4B: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE Half-reactions/Halfreaksies E® (Vv) lite = Li — 3,05 K'te = K — 2,93 Cst+e = Cs - 2,92 Ba**+2e = Ba — 2,90 Srt+2e = Sr — 2,89 Ca**+2e = Ca — 2,87 Na*+e = Na -2,71 Mg**+2e = Mg — 2,36 AS +3e 2 AL — 1,66 Mn=" + 26 = Mn — 1,18 Crt+2e = Cr -0,91 2H20 +2e = H2{g) + 20H” — 0,83 Zn*+2e = Zn — 0,76 Crt++3e = Cr — 0,74 Fe’+2e = Fe - 0,44 Cr++e = Crt —0,41 Cd*4+2e = Cd - 0,40 Co*+2e = Co — 0,28 N?*+2e = Ni —0,27 Sn**+2e = Sn —0,14 Pb**+2e° = Pb —0,13 Fe*+3e = Fe — 0,06 2H*+2e = Hag) 0,00 S+2H*+2e = HS(g) + 0,14 Sn*+2e = Sn* + 0,15 Cu? +e = Cut + 0,16 S02 +4Ht+2e = $O2(g)+2H20 +0,17 Cu +2e = Cu + 0,34 2H20 +O2+4e = 40H + 0,40 SO2+4H*+4e = S+2H20 + 0,45 Cu’+e = Cu + 0,52 k+2e = 2 + 0,54 O2(g) + 2H*+2e = H202 + 0,68 Fe*+e = Fe* +0,77 NO;+2H'+e = NO2(g)+H2O —- + 0,80 Ag'te = Ag + 0,80 Hg**+2e = Hg(t) + 0,85 NO, +4H*+3e = NO(g)+2H20 + 0,96 Br(t)+2e = 2Br + 1,07 Pi +2e = Pt + 1,20 MnO2+ 4H*+2e = = Mn* +220 + 1,23 O2(g) + 4H" + 4e = 2H20 + 1,23 Cr,O2 +14H'+4e° = -2CP*+7H2O = + 1,33 Ch(g)+2e = 2C8 + 1,36 MnO;+ 8H*+5e = Mn**+4H20 1,51 H202+2H*+2e = 2H20 477 Co*¥+e = Co* + 1,81 Fo(g)+2e = 2F + 2,87 MDE/June 2025 Increasing strength of reducing agents/Toenemende sterkte van reduseermiddels riedse turt over