10 . G11 LifeSciences DigitalSupport web Practice Examination Paper 2

Study & Master Support Pack | Grade 11 CAPS Life Sciences Practice Examination: Paper 2 This support pack consists of a Practice examination paper for Paper 2 of the Life Sciences Grade 11 CAPS curriculum and provides valuable practice in writing the examinations. An answer memo is provided separately for you to check the learners' answers. Learners can work through these individually at home or these could form the basis of a catch-up class or online lesson. You have permission to print or photocopy this document or distribute it electronically via email or WhatsApp. Cambridge University Press Africa is a proudly South African publisher. For more information on our Study & Master CAPS-approved textbooks and valuable resource materials, visit www.cambridge.org Brighter thinking | Better learning Practice Examinations Paper 2 www.cambridge.org

Life Sciences Examination: Exemplar Paper 2 Marks: 150 Time : 2 hours 30 minutes Instructions and information Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1 Answer ALL the questions. 2 Write ALL the answers in your ANSWER BOOK. 3 Start the answers to each question at the top of a NEW page. 4 Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5 Present your answers according to the instructions of each question. 6 ALL drawings should be done in pencil and labelled in blue or black ink. 7 Draw diagrams or flow charts only when asked to do so. 8 The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily all drawn to scale. 9 Do NOT use graph paper. 10 You may use non-programmable calculators, protractors and compasses. 11 Write neatly and legibly. Practice Examinations Paper 2

Section A Question 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (a to d) next to the question number (1.1.1 to 1.1.7) in your ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.8 d. 1.1.1 All viruses are: a unicellular and pathogens b prokaryotes c acellular and non-living d cellular in structure 1.1.2 The nitrogen cycle in nature is vital because animals and most green plants cannot: a use gaseous nitrogen b use nitrates c use organic nitrogen compounds d synthesise their own proteins 1.1.3 In an ecosystem, bacteria and fungi are mainly: a predators b producers c decomposers d omnivores 1.1.4 HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, which can be spread: a by bacteria b during sexual intercourse c in the air d by vectors 1.1.5 Pollination is best defined as a process in which: a pollen unites with an ovule b a male gamete fuses with a female gamete c pollen is received by a receptive stigma d insects carry pollen from one flower to another 1.1.6 What is the relationship between pollination and fertilisation in a flower? a Pollination is sexual and fertilisation asexual b Fertilisation and pollination are the same activity c Pollination must occur before fertilisation d Fertilisation and pollination occur simultaneously 1.1.7 A seed and a spore differ in that: a spores are diploid and seeds are haploid b the spores only can be unicellular c spores can withstand dehydration while seeds cannot d spores are gametes while seeds give rise to new plants (7 × 2) [14] 1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.11) in your ANSWER BOOK. 1.2.1 The concentration of sense organs at the anterior end of an animal, leading to the formation of a head 1.2.2 Organisms such as bacteria, in which cells are characterised by having no true nucleus 1.2.3 A disease-causing organism 1.2.4 The mass of hyphae that constitutes the vegetative part of a fungus 1.2.5 A plant body that is not differentiated into roots, stems and leaves Practice Examinations Paper 2

1.2.6 Symbiotic association of two different kinds of living organisms so that both benefit from the association 1.2.7 The protective coat of protein that encloses the nucleic acid in a virus 1.2.8 The type of alimentary canal that stretches from the mouth to the anus 1.2.9 The ripened ovary in a flowering plant 1.2.10 An asexual reproductive cell 1.2.11 The elongated horizontal underground stem in pteridophytes. (11 × 1) [11] 1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I applies to a only, b only, both a and b or none of the items in COLUMN II. Write a only, b only, both a and b, or none next to the question number (1.3.1–1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK. Column I Column II 1.3.1 Triploblastic, bilateral symmetry and coelomate a earthworm b insect 1.3.2 Disease caused by a protist a ringworm b malaria 1.3.3 True roots and leaves and produces spores a bryophytes b pteridophytes 1.3.4 Requires water to undergo sexual reproduction a angiosperms b pteridophytes 1.3.5 Formation of seeds and fruit a angiosperms b gymnosperms (5 × 2) [10] 1.4 Study the list of characteristics of plants and answer the questions that follow. Write only the letter/s of the characteristic/s next to the number of the question. Each characteristic may be used once, more than once or not at all. A Heterosporous B Embryo undergoes a period of rest before developing further C Dominant phase is haploid D Sporophyte possesses chlorophyll but is not an independent plant E Plant body is a thallus F Sporophyte is permanently joined to the gametophyte G Fertilisation is dependent on water H Fertilisation does not depend on water I Has/have vascular tissue J Seeds enclosed in a fruit K True leaves and roots 1.4.1 TWO that are characteristic of spermatophyta (gymnosperms and angiosperms) (2) 1.4.2 TWO which are characteristic of bryophyta only (2) 1.4.3 ONE that is common to both bryophyta and pteridophyta (1) 1.4.4 ONE that applies to angiosperms only (1) 1.4.5 TWO that are common to gymnosperms and angiosperms only (2) 1.4.6 TWO that are common to pteridophyta, gymnosperms and angiosperms (2) [10] Practice Examinations Paper 2

1.5 Study the diagrams of the structures of two flowers below. The magnification of each flower is indicated in brackets. D C E Flower A (×20) Flower B (×0,5) 1.5.1 Provide labels for C, D and E. (3) 1.5.2 Which flower (A or B) is probably pollinated by insects? (1) 1.5.3 Which flower's (A or B) actual size is greater? (1) [5] Total section A: [50] Section B Question 2 2.1 A sample was taken from a patient suffering from a throat infection. The bacteria on the swab were cultured on a nutrient agar in a Petri dish. A multidisc with a different antibiotic at the end of each of its six arms was then placed on top of the bacteria. The two halves of the Petri dish were sealed together and placed in an incubator at 30 °C. The following diagram shows the result of the investigation after 48 hours. Key: A B Petri dish F A–F multidisc C E D Zone of bacterial growth agar Zone of no bacterial growth Result of the investigation 2.1.1 State ONE difference in activity between antibiotics B and F. (2) 2.1.2 The patient was known to be allergic to antibiotic B. a Which antibiotic should the patient be given? (1) b Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.1.2 a. (2) 2.1.3 The organisms causing this infection seem to be resistant to two of these antibiotics. a Which TWO antibiotics are referred to in the statement above? (2) b Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.1.3 a (2) 2.1.4 In the early part of this century, spider’s webs (in which many fungal spores were trapped) were placed on small cuts and wound. Suggest ONE reason why… a this might have been a useful procedure. (2) b it could have been dangerous. (2) [13] Practice Examinations Paper 2

2.2 A type of bacterium called Escherichia coli (E. coli) normally lives in the large intestine of humans. To determine whether E. coli is present in water, a chemical indicator is used. If the chemical indicator changes from a clearred colour to a cloudy yellow colour, this indicates that E. coli is present. In an investigation conducted by a group of Grade 11 learners, samples taken from three rivers (X, Y, and Z) were investigated for the presence of E. coli. Samples were taken from each river and put into a glass bottle that contained the clear red indicator solution. The bottle was then incubated at 37 °C for 2 days. The results of the investigation are shown in the table below. Colour of chemical indicator River X River Y River Z Before incubation Clear red Clear red Clear red After incubation Clear red Cloudy yellow Clear Red 2.2.1 Explain two safety precautions that the learners should take when conducting this investigation. (4) 2.2.2 Suggest ONE reason for incubating the sample at 37 °C. (2) 2.2.3 Which river/s (X, Y or Z) showed the presence of E. coli? (1) 2.2.4 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.2.3 above. (2) 2.2.5 Explain ONE way that E. coli could have got into the river/s stated in QUESTION 2.2.3. (2) [11] 2.3 Progressive advance in nutritive patterns can be observed in the animals you have studied. 2.3.1 What type of symmetry does Hydra sp. (Cnidaria) and Taenia sp./Planaria sp. (Platyhelminthes) display? (2) 2.3.2 Describe how the symmetry of Hydra sp. is related to how it obtains its food. (3) 2.3.3 Neither Hydra sp. (Cnidaria) nor Taenia sp./Planaria sp. (Platyhelminthes) possesses a blood system yet in both of them all cells receive an adequate supply of food. Describe how this is achieved in BOTH animals. (6) 2.3.4 Would you regard the earthworm, because of its gut, as being more advanced than either of the two animals mentioned in 2.3.3? Justify your point of view. (5) [16] 2.4 Study the graph below showing the growth of a population over a period of time. Growth of a population over time C Population size B A Time 2.4.1 Identify the growth form indicated by the graph above. (1) 2.4.2 Identify the phases labelled A, B and C. (3) 2.4.3 Write down the letter (A, B or C) of the phase in the above graph that illustrates rapid growth. (1) 2.4.4 Explain why the population size at C stayed constant. (3) 2.4.5 Give TWO reasons why the population growth at A was slow. (2) [10] Total question 2: [50] Practice Examinations Paper 2

QUESTION 3 3.1 Deforestation is the destruction of forests by the removal of trees in large numbers. The table below shows statistics related to deforestation in different regions from the years 1990 to 2000. Region Total land area Total forest Forest cover (%) Deforestation rate (ha) cover (ha) 1990–2000 (%) Africa 2 978 394 649 866 21,8 0,8 Asia 3 084 746 547 793 X 0,1 North and Central 2 136 966 549 304 25,7 0,1 America Oceania and 849 096 197 623 23,3 0,2 Australia 3.1.1 Which region had the highest rate of deforestation in the 10-year period? (1) 3.1.2 Calculate the forest cover (%) of Asia indicated as X. Show all working. (3) 3.1.3 List any TWO reasons for deforestation. (2) 3.1.4 Describe TWO consequences that deforestation has on the ecosystem. (4) 3.1.5 Explain THREE management strategies to reduce deforestation. (6) [16] 3.2 The table shows the annual catches of TWO species of fish, namely herring and cod, over a period of eight years. Catch (thousands of tons) Year Herring Cod 1 370 145 2 150 120 3 110 80 4 105 60 5 85 50 6 70 45 7 65 50 8 70 60 3.2.1 Plot line graphs, on the same set of axes, using the information in the table above. (12) 3.2.2 Describe how catch size of the herring population changes over the eight years. (4) 3.2.3 State any TWO management strategies which could prevent the over-exploitation of herring and cod. (2) [18] 3.3 Study the passage below and answer the questions that follow. Hoodia Hoodia gordonii is a spiny succulent plant indigenous to the semi-desert of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and Angola. It grows in extremely high temperatures, and takes many years to reach maturity. Hoodia has been used by indigenous populations in southern Africa for centuries to treat indigestion and minor infections. However, the plant has become well known and is in big demand because of the discovery that indigenous people have always used the flesh of the plant to suppress their appetite while on long hunting trips in the desert. The South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research has isolated the ingredient responsible for the plant’s appetite-suppressant quality and it is now marketed as a slimming tablet. 3.3.1 What is the habitat of Hoodia? (1) 3.3.2 Name TWO medical conditions that can be treated with Hoodia. (2) 3.3.3 Explain why indigenous people must be compensated for the selling of the slimming tablets mentioned in the passage. (3) [6] Practice Examinations Paper 2

3.4 A group of Grade 12 learners wanted to use the mark–recapture technique to determine the population size of a type of fish (Tilapia sparrmanii) in a large dam. Their results are shown in the table below. October 2010 November 2010 Number marked and Number in recaptured/ Number marked in released in first sample second sample recaptured/second sample Tilapia sparrmanii 15 150 10 3.4.1 List FOUR steps that should be considered when planning to determine the population size using this investigation. (4) 3.4.2 Use the formula below to estimate the population size of Tilapia sparrmanii in the dam. P =F × S M F = Number caught in the first sample S = Number caught in the second sample M = Number marked in the second sample Show ALL working. (3) [7] 3.5 Study the pictures and the graph below showing community interactions and answer the questions that follow. A B C Relative population density P. aurelia P. caudatum 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Days Name the following: 3.5.1 Community interaction represented in A. (1) 3.5.2 Type of competition represented in B. (1) 3.5.3 Community interaction represented in C. (1) [3] Total Question 3: [50] Total Section B: [100] TOTAL: [150] Practice Examinations Paper 2