Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 KZN Prelim 2016 Memo

MARKS: 225 O ight Reserved Education i KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA .NATIONAL” |... SENIOR CERTIFICATE This memorandum consists of 21 pages. Please Tum Over ‘Geography/P1 September 2016 Preparatory Examination 2 NSC — Memorandum SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 4 ORIGIN OF A MID-LATITUDE CYCLONE 44 14.4 C-—55°- 65° 41.2 A—polarv 1.1.3 B —convergence and uplift’ 11.4 A westerly” 41.4.5 B ~ cold and dryv 1.4.6 D —west to east” 14.7 A -initialv B 7x1) (7) wave iB 1.2.1 E deltaw 1.2.2 D infiltrationw 1.2.3 F water tablew 1.24 G v-shaped valley” 1.2.5 1 run-off~ 1.26 C base flow” 1.2.7 A ox-bow lake” 1.2.8 B waterfall” (8x1) (8) Copyright Reserved Please Tum Over 7 taper l

~ Geography/Pt ‘September 2016 Preparatory Examination 3 NSC— Memorandum 1.3 HURRICANE 4.3.1 Presence of the eye / Texas Coast/ USAY [ANY ONE] (xt (1) 4.3.2 Clear evacuation routes are drawn up “ Evacuation centres are set up ¥ Access to satellite imagery” Have remote sensing devises” Have air and land radar” Emergency rescue services” Extensive medical and paramedic provision“ Storm warden patrols available” Extensive seawalls built” Houses built on stilts” Strong building materialsY Flood proofing of buildings” Cy Good communication network - [ANY TWO] 2x1) @ 1.3.3. The eye is well developed/ intensifiedy ” Large diameter’ ¥ TANY ONE] (1x2) (2) 4.3.4. The entire hurricane can be easily viewed from space Vv“ Largé and inaccessible areas can be monitored v~ Data can be received in:real time’ ¥ Data can be monitored every hour’ W Can help to determine the intensity trends of tropical cyclones” ¥ Images can be used to better determine other information such as speed, temperature and wind direction’ “ Can be used to predict path based on observed trends” ” Early warning and precautions can be establishedv Establish the magnitude of of disaster management operations” (1 x 2) (2) TANY ONE] Cy 1.3.5 Less moisture over landv” nae Friction over landv ¥ (1x 2)(2) IANY ONE] Copyright Reserved Please Tum Over CEM ES ters “GeographyiPt 4 ‘September 2016 Preparatory Examination NSC— Memorandum 1.3.6 TEXAS-United States of America Copyright Reserved 5 USA has more and better developed infrastructure ““ Warning systems are readily availablev~ Earlier evacuations can take placev~ Clear evacuation routes are drawn upY~ Evacuation centres are set upv” Access to satellite imagery” ” Have remote sensing devisesv “ Have air and land radarv¥ Better emergency rescue servicesv Extensive medical and paramedic provisiony “ ‘Storm warden patrols available” Extensive seawalls built Houses built on sfilis“ Strong building materialsv “ Flood proofing of buildings” “ Good communication networky ¥ Maputo- Mozambique Has litle and poorly developed infrastructurev “ Waming systems are not able to reach the majority of the population as some of them are in deep rural areasv¥ Few early evacuations can take place’ Not enough rescue servicesv V. Few health facilities are available“ [ANY FOUR] [Candidates must refer to some aspects for the USA and some for Mozambique OR can answer a$ comparison.] Learners must refer to the LOSS of LIVES. 4x2) 8) Please Tum Over

on m4 ’ - re Geographylt VALLEY CLIMATE AND ASPECT 14 1.4.1 The angle in which a slope faces in relation to the rays of the sun” (1x 4) 1) (Concept) 1.4.2 North facing slopes receives direct insolation/sunlightY’ (1x1) (1) 1.4.3 Learners can be given full credit of three marks for any three variables. [However, learners must include katabatic wind direction to score maximium marks] terrestrial radiation 8x1) @) 1.4.4 Cloudless conditionsv v Calm conditions/Windless conditions“ ” Dewpoint temperature must drop below freezing pointvy (2x 2) (4) IANY Two] 4 1.4.5 A- Will favour the growing of crops that require warmer conditions” “” Crops that will grow under drier conditions” ” (e.g. thin skinned deciduous fruits e g apples and pears)“ B - Will favour the growing of crops that require cooler conditions’ Plant's that need high soil moisture content’ ” (e.g. thick skinned citrus fruits e g oranges and lemons)v~ (2 x 2) (4) TANY ONE for each of A AND B] Copyright Reserved Please Tum Over on 1 | Ger ylPA 6 carer NSC Memorandum RIVER PROFILE 15 1.5.1. Side view of a river from the source to the mouth” (Concept) 1.5.2. Dix Mountain headwaters“ 1.5.3. Splitrock Falis~ Wadhams Falls” Willsboro Falls“ TANY ONE] 1.5.4 The upper course is steepvv | velocity is greatv” i downward erosion is predominant’ TANY TWO] 1.5.5. The river gains energy and downward erosion increasesv ” ‘The river will erode a deep valley or gorge’ A knickpoint/waterfall will develop“ ‘The river becomes ungraded vv A valley within a valley will developy v Terraces will form either side of the river”~” A meandering stream will form incised meandersv ” Rapids may develop” IANY ‘Copyright Reserved ‘September 2016 Preparatory Examination (4x1) (1) (x41) - (1x) ) 2x2) (4x2) @) Please Tum Over

| \ ‘Geography/P1 8 September 2016 Preparatory Examination | Geography/Pt 7 ‘September 2016 Preparatory Examination NSC ~Memorancurt NSC— Memorandum QUESTION 2 | DRAINAGE BASIN i 2.1. SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAP | 16 . : “eta ae 24.4 High land temperatures” 1.6.1 The entire area drained by a river and its tributaries” (4x1) (1) South Aftantic and South Indian Highs have moved southwards” (Concept) Presence of a tropical cyclone” Presence of a thermal low” 4.6.2. Dendriticy xn) [ANY ONE] 1.6.3 Watershed/drainage dividev 2.1.2 Weak/Gentley” Gax)@) i 2.1.3 B- South Atlantic High” | 1.6.4 good/high rainfall increases surface run-offv C - South indian High¥” impermeable rock that reduces infiltration and increases run-offv¥ low vegetation cover (from overgrazing; deforestation) less infiltration more run-off“ 2.1.4 (a) Tropical Cyclonev € i steeper gradient thus no time for infiltration and more quick run-offv~ v i moist soils thus no infiltration and more run-off“ (2x2) (4) ) 4 ANY TWO] (©) S@edegrsrxcsumth/ 5 degrees to 25 degrees south. “ | 1.6.5 3rd ordervy Gx2@ (6) _ east to westiwesterly” x1) 8) 1.6.6 (a) Stream order will increasev “ (1x2) 2) 22 DRAINAGE PATTERNS : IANY ONE] (b) More rain will result in greater run-off v~ More first order streams will developy Vv Resulting in further increase of all stream orders downstreamy ” 2x24 [ANY TWO} 2.2.1 sedimentary” 222 middie 2.2.3. folding” 75] 224 samév 2.2.5 gorge” € : 2.2.6 older” 2.2.7 antecedent¥ 7x Copyright Reserved Please Tum Over Copyright Reserved Please Tum Over . :

> GeographyiPt ‘September 2016 Preparatory Examination 40 NSC~ Memorandum Geography/P1 9 ‘September 2016 Preparatory Examination NSC— Memorandum 2.4.6 Dams levels may be high or may overflow during periods of heavy rainfall during summer causing floods that may wash away crops an HEAT ISLAND AND POLLUTION DOME Dam levels may be very low during winter and during periods of 23 drought resulting in low crop production and crop failurev 2.3.1 Layer of polluted air over a city trapped below inversion fayer~ = (1x 4) (1) Farming activities eed to be Plann ed according to the availabil - [Concept] Farmers will have to consider the growing of drought resistant crops 2.3.2 3 degreesv/ 1 degree/ the rural aea is cooler. (1x 1) (1) in the dry seasonvv . . Construction of dams to control flooding during periods of heavy 2.3.3 Rural areas have more vegetation, therefore larger evapo-transpiration fainfall to prevent the washing away of agricultural producev” (2x2)(4) rates and more energy absorbed, therfore making it cooler. “~~ [ANY TWO] A : (1x2) (2) AY [ANY ONE] RIVER CAPTURE ae 2.3.4 More rainfall over the city as compared to the rural area vv (1x2) (2) 25 2.5.1 When a more powerful river captures the headwaters of a less 2.3.5 Poor quality rain because of pollution’ . powerful river “ (1x1) (1) Production of acid rainy ¥ (1x2)Q) (Concept) TANY ONE] 7 fer Stream/Pirated Stream” € my ” e . 25.2 B—Misfit stream/Beheaded stream/ Captured m/Pirat im: Cy 2.3.6 The pollution dome is smaller (closer to the surface) at night’ - v ° (2X 4) (2 Me Pollution concentration increasesv v C~ Elbow of capture ‘ : 1@) ‘The polluted air sinks towards the surface because of the dense 2.5.3 More erosive energy that led to more headward erosion’ ” cold air above the. - 5 Has steeper gradientv Fewer heat generating activities at night reduces convection Flowing over softer rocks” above the city v - ; Receives higher rainfallv 2x2), Pollution dome closer to the surface limits influx ‘of air from [ANY Two} ‘surrounding rural areas fo disperse pollutants’ ” 4x2) 8 b [ANY FOUR} eens \' ae 2.5.4 Erosive capacity decreases” ” Volume decreasesv ” INVERSION LAYER Deposition increases within thé river channel vv" x2 C BS) (2 x2) (4) : 24 a —— [ANY TWO} 2.4.1 Layer of dense air in which temperture increases with altitude” (1x1) (1) [Concept] 2.5.5 Less water available for agriculturey ¥ Less deposition on the floodplain therefore drop in soil fertility “~~ 24.2 24 AV 4x41) (4 Decrease in production’v = * . Cy axHa) Economic decline”Y (2x2) 4) € fo ; ; | {ANY TWO] 2.4.3 Inversion above escarpment in summer and lower in winter’ Uplift of air above the plateau. ze Moist air can reach interior in summer not in wintery” 2.6 KAT RIVER VALLEY CATCHMENT > Condensation and cloud covery Weak subsiding airy ~ (1x2) @) 2.6.1 Ensuring that the catchment area is maintained in a sustainable (ANY ONE] manner” ° (Concept) (1x1) 4) 2.4.4 Continental high/Kalahart highy’” (1x2)(2) ‘ Po 2.4.5 Inversion layer above the escarpmentv ¥ . 26.2 Soil erosion ° “Ax 1) Allows influx of moist air to the interior ~ More condensationv” 2.6.3. The project intended to address the gully erosion problem, which More cloud formationy ~ was prominent in the upper and middle reaches of the catchment. More precipitation” (2x 2)(4) : Rehabilitation of the catchment area. (x1) ()) IANY Two] Copyright Reserved oo Please Tum Over Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

ad ad Geography/Pt 2 GeographylPt 1 ‘September 2016 Preparatory Examination NSGi-Memorandur NSC — Memorandum ‘September 2016 Preparatory Examination SECTION B: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY 2.6.4 Community identified the problems _OF SOUTH AFRICA : For the community to have increasec_awareness and realize the . importance of protecting scarce water supplies for the futurev QUESTION 3 For the community to own the process/feel part of itv” Employment of local communityy ~ y 7 Use of indigenous knowledge fo solve problems in the areav'v = (2x 2) (4) ST oat As nucleated/fetustered’ ANY TWO} D - dispersedv7 isolated” 2.6.5 Strategies to Rectify Damage Fencing or pratecting the Kat river catchment area/bufferingy v 312 B-linearv Prevent deforestation’ Revegetate with indigenous plants/afforestationy ~ . Protection against soil erosion’ 3.1.3 B-mountain/river/roady Treat industrial effluents before released into the river’ v : Treat sewage before released into the river’ 314 Cv : Use natural fertilizersfcomposty ! Practice scientific/proper farming methodsv “ 7 ¥ i 5 Dredging of the dam, to reduce siltitation. 3.1.5 Settlement is near a source of water. € , j Strategies to Reduce Water Stress: 7 v 7% Monitor waier usage by various economic sectorsv” 3.1.6 ReliefiAspect CEN Legislation on water usagev “ Raise public awarenessv ¥ 32 More research into the use of groundwatery ” _ f jyev Water restrictions and fines” 3.2.1 B—Labour intensive [Learner must include“both strategies to rectify damage AND 3.22 E- Industrial decentralisation” reduce water stress]] . (4 x 2) (8) ital i j [ANY FOUR] (4x2) @) EE . 3.23 D~— Capital intensive” [75] 3.24 A-Tertiary~ i 3.2.5 C—Tradev 3.26 G-— Gross domestic product” r € 3.27 |— Quaternary” 3.2.8 F-Footloose~ Bx t)@) Copyright Reserved Please Tum Cver Copyright Reserved Please Tum Over

GeographyiPt ~ ~~ 13 September 2016 Preparatory Examination NSC—Memorandum 3.3. RURAL URBAN MIGRATION 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 OQ 334 Copyright Reserved Rural urban migration refers to the movement of people from the tural areas (countryside) to the urban areas (cities) “ (1x1) (1) [Concept] Unemployment’ Mechanisationy Low salariesv~” High production costs“v Loss of soil fertility“ Consolidation of farmsv’'¥ Climate change (justify) vv Lack of medical and health servicesyv Lack of basic servicesv “ Poverty” Displaced as a result of droughts and floods“ ” Unrest and the lack of security” Food insecurity” Lack of social amenities and facilities/boredomv ¥ [Any ONE} (1x2) (2) Use farming practices that can cope with climate changes e.g. use of drought resistant crops, efficient use of water” Use Scientific technology to monitor environmental conditionsvv Get early Waring systems for plant and anitnal diseasesv” Provide training courses for upcoming farmers, to improve skills“ Incentives for farmers to stay on farms“ Communal ership of land should be changed to individual ‘warship ae tis not productiveyv Improve access to capital for farmersv v Development of infrastructurey (2x2) 4) [Any Twoy Decreasing number of people (rural depoputation)v ” Skilled and economically active People aré More likely to move to cities, leaving behind a larger old population’ v Basic services such as shops and schools close downy” Production decreases us affects the economyv v Buildings and farms are abandoned, giving rise to “ghost settlementsvv Family units are broken down, example, when parents leave their children with grandparents So that they can work in the urban areasv”" Resources become underutilized ” (4x 2) (8) [Any FOUR] ~~ Please Tum Over =~ 1 : ~ Geography/Pt S44 ‘September 2016 Preparatory Examination NSC— Memorandum: + 3.4 URBAN SPRAWL 3.4.1 Urban sprawl refers to the formless expansion and uncontrolled i expansion of an urban area (x4 (4) [Concept] 3.4.2 Urban sprawl is increasing rapidly” v - Houses are being built closer together, there are extensions to single storeyed structures vertically and the development flats“ Urban people are very happy/eager to purchase and in surrounding tural areasv ¥ . : Farm land being tostv ” x2 (2) TANY ONE} 3.4.3 Land is cheaper’ Reduced crime rate’ Reduced traffic congestion and pollution” Rural atmospherey ” Overcrowding and stress in the city”~” (1x2) (2) [ANY ONE] , 3.4.4 Farmers are unhappy because they are {losing their farms far too rapidly (at the expense of urban dwellers)” * Urban sprawl is impacting negatively on space in the surrounding rural areas’ ¥ Urban dwellers are invading into valuable farmland ¥ (2x 2) (4) TANY TWO] 3.4.5 Service delivery becomes difficult’ ” Traffic congestion becomes a problem’ . Overcrowding leads to poor and unhygienic conditions” ¥ Pollution of cities presents a health hazard to surrounding areasV” Social ills become prevalent, exampie crime, prostitution ete” Leads to acute shortage of space/shortage of landv~ . Waste management becomes difficult’ ” (1 x2) (2) IANY ONE] . 3.4.6 Greenbelts: These are developed on the boundary of an urban settlement to prevent formless expansion of cities” ” Development of New Townsv These towns are designed in such a manner to reduce overcrowding, congestion, pollution and other retated problems experienced in an urban area’ Counter urbanisation measures” “ Rural development and upgradew Creation of Satellite towns” “ Industrial decentralisation away from urban areas’ ~ {2X 2) (4) PANY TWO] ei i ei Copyright Reserved Please Tum Over

Oo ww . — ‘Geography/P1 . 16 September 2016 Preparatory Examination Geography/P1 15 ‘September 2016 Preparatory Examination NSG— Memorandum NSC~ Memorandum 3.6 PORT ELIZABETH UITENHAGE INDUSTRIAL REGION 3.8 SOUTH AFRICAN MINING AND QUARRYING 3.6.1 automotive/ motor industry/ assembly of motor vehicles/textile and leather 3.5.1 Primary “ (x1) (1) processing 7 (1x1) (1) 3.5.2 There was a marked decline/rapid decrease/downturn in commodity prices in the mining idustryv——-—-———- x1) (1) 3.6.2 Refers to other related suppliers and manufacturers in the automotive industries/ supplementary industries/ support 3.5.3 Mining makes a great and significant contribution to the national industries“. Tr economy of the country” —— [Concept] (x1) (1) Mining contributes to the development of infrastructure v Contributes to job opportunities” 3.6.3 plastics” Attracts foreign skills and investment pressed steel” Leads to the development of secondary industries” leather for car seats” (1x 1) (1) Contributes to foreign tradev’ TT (x1) (4) [ANY ONE] IANY ONE] — 3.5.4 Eams foreign exchange from export of various minerals” ¥ 3.6.4 The presence. of the harbour at Port Elizabeth facilitates the Contributes to the GDP- stimulates the growth rate of a country”Y import of raw srateials arid the export of manufactured goods “~ oO Job creation and skills development —a large percentage of the Ithas an excellent lo or fon interns of averseas markets: € : labour force is employed by this sector” ” The province boasts of three major ports" Infrastructural development- mining and quarrying has led to the ithas a strategically important 'ocation in respect of the world 2 2) (4 development of infrastructure of the country” and African markets: 2x24) Created large scale demand for tools and machinery in factoriesv “ [ANY TWO] Multiplier effect in the economy- stimulates growth in financial services, engineering services, electricity services, ports, investments ete“ 3.6.5 Can research the following options with regard to power stations; Profits earned by mines are taxed VV“ (2x2) 4) Easter Cape receives a lot of sunlight, they can use solar power TANY TWO] as an alternative source of clean energy, fo overcome the cost of electricity” 3.5.5 Labour: . {t's a region which receives very strong south e: . . _ therefore wind farms will be a viable option’ v” Mines employ a large number of migrant labourers, which makes This region asa high concentration of cattle farmirig, will be able to this labour force erratic (unstable)v’” enhance energy through biofuels”, : New labourers have to be recrufted all the timev Wave power can be hamessed from nearby coastal aréav (2X2) (4) Labourers frequently demand for higher wages and often go on strikes” ~ [ANY TWO]. ParernS : If their demands are not met, this affects productivity negatively” “ Mine disruptions have a negative impact on foreign investmenty ~ Low wage increases cause miners to quit their jobs resulting in 3.6.6 Provides job opportunities to the dense population of Eastern Capev ¥ the closure of mines Vv” The Coega project has stimulated industrial expansion, te HIV/Aids has caused the loss of experienced mine workersv” through focal and foreign investmentv Costly to replace and train new labourersv ¥ ithas attracted numerous Gireet foreign investments : This region hasan excellent transport systems that facilities the Mine Hazards: movement of raw material and manufactured goods”’v" Flooding endangers lives in underground/shaft mining’ ~ It contributes positively to the Gross Geographical Product (SGP) Fires has caused much damage in mines”“ of the Eastern vv (2x2) (4) Some miners contract respiratory disease as a result of the inhaling [ANY TW ‘ of mine dustv¥ . : Possible gas leaks my lead to explosions undergroundv~ t — 1751 Rockfall may trap and kill mine workers undergroundy ¥ Dangerous to work with heavy equipment undergroundv ~ High temperatures in mining areas are not suitable for working conditions’ v (4.x 2) (8) [Any FOUR] [Must discuss both labour and mine hazards included in the answer] Copyright Reserved 3 Please Tum Over Copyright Reserved Please Tum Over

oy Geography/Pt QUESTION 4 44 4.1.1 metropolis” 441.2 town’ 413 conurbation” 4.1.4 megalopolis” 4.1.5 urban expansion” 4.1.6 urban profile” ) 4.1.7 urban growthy 4.1.8 counter-urbanisation” 42 4.2.1 Av 4.2.2 Av 423 BY 424 BY 425 AV 426 ABY 427 BY Copyright Reserved 1 * oa as - Geography/Pt 7 ‘September 2016 Preparatory Examination NSC ~ Memorandum 43 (8x1) (8) ax 18 September 2016 Preparatory Examination NSC.— Memorandum LAND REFORM IN SOUTH AFRICA 431 43.2 434 435 colonisationv ‘ : apartheid” (1x4) a) TANY ONE] : To address injustices of apartheidv To promote economic growthy ” For national reconciliation and stability” v To alleviate povertyy ¥ The transfer of agricultural land to Black people who cannot afford itv (2x2) @) [ANY TWO} Both the seller and the buyer of the land must agree to the terms and conditions of sale of the landv” (x22 {[Concepf] In the absence of compulsion (pressure) most land owners have been reluctant to sell to the statevv” There has been collusion between sellers, land evaluators and government officials/corruption, where market prices were inflated and purchases made very expensivey WSWB has resulted in land reform being delayedv v (2x 2) (4) [ANY TWO] Land reform has not stimulated the economic growth of rural areasv¥ Land reform has not alleviated poverty in the rural areas nor has if improved the quality of life in rurat areasv ‘There has been disagreement between government and traditional leaders in terms of restoring landy v Very costly process, time consuming to solve land claim disputesv v Lack of training and support for new land owners’ Limited financial assistancev ” (2x 2) (4) [ANY TWO] Copyright Reserved Please Tum Over Please Tum Over

Copyright Reserved GeographylPt ww 18 September 2016 Preparatory Examination NSC —Memorandum 44 CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT OFA LARGE CITY 444 44.2 44.3 444 CBD —Ceniral Business District” (1.x 1) (1) (a) Many roads leading in and out of the city” (Ax 1)(4) (b) Presence of high building density ~ Many tall buildings” [ANY ONE} (4x1) (1) A large number of people work in this land use zone during the day” At night people vacate the city” A large number of informal traders are found in the city during the ormal traders : day VV Few people livein the CBDYV Most formal business activities operate during the dayv“” 2x2) 4) TANY Two] ~ — In the CBD incompatible functions must be segregatedv“” There must be relocation of functions that are incompatible” Urban planning must be sustainabley ¥ Provision must be made for the anticipated influx of people from the rural areasv Transport development must take into account the ever increasing volume of traffic’ ~ Improve public transport into the CBDv ~ Reduction in traffic into the CBD e.g. park and ridevv The development of green zones (parks) to make the CBD more appealingy ~ Old buildings of the inner city must be demolished and rebuilt or they can be renovated (gentrification/facadism/invasion and succession)“ ~ Urban renewal projects to make the CBD more attractive. v~ Improve cleanliness in the CBDV” Greater policing of the CBD to reduce the high crime ratev TANY FOUR] (4x 2)(8) Please TumOver Geography/P4 September 2016 Preparatory Examination 20 NSC —Memorandum 4.5 FOOD INSECURITY IN SOUTH AFRICA e 4.5.1 When people in a country do not have access to enough food/sufficient supplies¥” . (1x1) [Concept] 45.2 Genetically modified food are foods that are modified in a laboratory so that they are more resistant to herbicides and pests” [Concept] (1x 1)(1) 4.5.3 annoying pestsY (1x1) (1) 4.5.4 Their concems are directed to the possible disadvantages of GM foodsvv . {ts effects on the environment” The long term effects of GM foods on man’s health that is unknown“ To ensure proper implementation of the food programmevY (2x2) (4) 45.5 They are able to survive in a greater range of climatic conditions, thereby promoting food security” ~ GMM foods have far longer storage life and can be available intimes * of needvv : ‘They have a higher resistance to drought and have cold tolerancev Produces larger crop yields ensuring sufficient food suppliesv Pest resistant ensuring food security” “ (2x2) (4) TANY TWO] : . 4.5.6 Monoculture: planting the same crop over and over causes the same nutrient to be extracted, thereby hindering high food production levelsv“ i Cultivation on marginal areas catises greater accelerated soil erosion, limiting agricultural output’ ~ Overcultivation: planting far too much crop on a small piece of land, causes soil exhaustion, ‘thereby limiting production’ ” Downslope farming: Results in valuable topsoil being washed away’ ¥ ! Overstocking /overgrazing: Reduces the carrying capacity of the land making it vulnerable to soil degradation.“ (2x2) 4 IANY TWO] Copyright Reserved Please Tun Over

GeographyiPt 2 September 2016 Preparatory Examination NSC — Memorandum 4.6 RICHARDS BAY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONE 4.6.1 Industrial Development Zone is an area located close to an interational aimort or a habour. IDZ has been identified by government to stimulate economic growth through investment in industries [Concept] x1) (1) 4.6.2 The presence of a deep-water habour”” Close proximity (600krmy irom the financial capitalv 2x1) (2) 46.3 IDZs promotes industrial devel SDIs promote further i ial deve linksvv Al and SDi s.will link IDZ sv ¥ x2)@) an 4.6.4 Development of infrastructure in undeveloped communities in : € ‘ 3 Richards Bayv¥ : Responsible for job creation and promotes employmentv ¥ Provides skilis development<v Improves standards of living for communities“ Promotes economic growth for nearby local communities” ” (1x2) @) [ANY ONE] TT 4.6.5 Offers direct link to international airports or port“ More ports make overseas: makes available” ” Close fo financial capital of the \iryY large domestic maeeyy World class infrastructure especially to attract tenants” “ Government incentive schemesv ¥ Reduced taxes and exemption for activities or productsv~ Duty free benefits On Taw materials that are importedv v Promote competitiveness of the manufacturing sector’ Y Encourage the development of exportorientated manufacturing industriesv ¥ € Encourage the processing of local resources for export’ Attract foreign and local investmentv.“— (4x2) (8) IANY FOUR} : 73} GRAND TOTAL: 225 : NB: Question 4.6.3. was removed due to a technical error. Question 4 will be calculated out of 73 marks and thereafter lated back to 75 marks. re-cacul ac! mai ‘= 7 A 7a * Copyright Reserved

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