Agricultural Sciences Grade 11 P2 2020 Memo (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2020 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE (EXEMPLAR) MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 A 99 1.1.2 C 99 1.1.3 B 99 1.1.4 C 99 1.1.5 B 99 1.1.6 C 99 1.1.7 C 99 1.1.8 A 99 1.1.9 D 99 1.1.10 D 99 (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 H 99 1.2.2 E 99 1.2.3 F 99 1.2.4 B 99 1.2.5 A 99 (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Transpirational pull 99 1.3.2 Fertiliser 99 1.3.3 Pollination 99 1.3.4 Integrated Pest Management 99 1.3.5 Green house 99 (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Diffusion 9 1.4.2 Germination 9 1.4.3 Monoculture 9 1.4.4 Aquaculture 9 1.4.5 Survey 9 (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: PLANT STUDIES (NUTRITION) 2.1 2.1.1 Process represented by the chemical equation Photosynthesis 9 (1) 2.1.2 Compound B Glucose 9 (1) 2.1.3 Plant organs where compound B is found x Leaves 9 x Stems 9 x Roots 9 x Tubers 9 x Bulbs 9 (Any 2) (2) 2.1.4 Methods of speeding up the rate of photosynthesis x Use of greenhouses 9 x Pruning 9 x Trellising systems 9 x Using optimum plant density 9 (Any 2) (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Functions of water in plants x Provides mechanical rigidity to cells 9 x Important in chemical reactions 9 x A universal solvent 9 x It serves as a transport medium 9 x Temperature regulation 9 (Any 2) (2) 2.2.2 Adaptation of the plant to reduce transpiration rate x Leaves are reduced 9 x Photosynthesis occurs on stems 9 x Stems store water 9 x Stems are shiny to reflect heat waves and reduce transpiration 9 (Any 3) (3) 2.2.3 Consequences of lack of adaptations to reduce water loss x Plant cannot carry out metabolism due to lack water 9 x Failure to regulate temperature 9 x Failure to transport minerals and products of photosynthesis 9 x Wilting 9 x Senescence 9 (Any 2) (2) 2.3 2.3.1 Classification of inorganic fertiliser Inorganic fertiliser 9 (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 2.3.2 Examples of phosphorus fertilisers x Superphosphate / mono-calcium phosphate 9 x Raw/rock phosphate 9 (2) 2.3.3 Percentage nitrogen in a fertiliser bag N = 280 g/1 000 g x 100 9 = 28% 9 (2) 2.3.4 Evidence of state regulation of fertiliser production x Registration number 9 x Act number 36 of 1947 9 (2) 2.4 2.4.1 Identification of structure C Transport protein 9 (1) 2.4.2 Identification of transport mechanisms A – Passive uptake 9 B – Active uptake 9 (2) 2.4.3 Motivation of answers to QUESTION 2.4.2 x A does not require energy in the form of ATP while in B energy is required 9 OR x In A movement is along concentration gradient 9 while in B movement is against concentration gradient 9 (2) 2.5 2.5.1 Basal application (1) 2.5.2 Broadcasting 9 (1) 2.5.3 Foliar application 9 (1) 2.5.4 Band placing 9 (1) 2.5.5 Fertigation 9 (1) 2.6 2.6.1 Deduction of an advantage of green manuring Soil conservation 9 (1) 2.6.2 Explanation of the advantage of using leguminous plants Legumes form a mutually symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria, 9 which improve the nitrogen content of the soil. 9 OR Legumes are rich in proteins 9 upon being ploughed under as green manures they are decomposed by microbes to nitrogen containing compounds increasing the soil’s nitrogen content. 9 (2) 2.6.3 Advantages of green manuring x Reduces soil erosion 9 x Improves soil fertility 9 x Improves soil structure 9 (Any 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION AND PROTECTION 3.1 3.1.1 Name of plant propagation method Grafting 9 (1) 3.1.2 Labelling A – scion 9 B – rootstock 9 (2) 3.1.3 Advantages of plant propagation method in QUESTION 3.1.1. x Fruit trees can be produced with several varieties 9 x The appearance or form of a plant can be changed 9 x An undesirable trait can be corrected 9 x The scion can be grafted onto a healthier rootstock with a more vigorous root system 9 (Any 2) (2) 3.1.4 Examples of fruit trees propagated using grafting in South Africa x Oranges 9 x Lemons 9 x Nartjie 9 x Grapes 9 x Macadamia 9 x Avocado 9 x Nectarines 9 x Apples 9 (Any 2) (2) 3.2 3.2.1 Name of phenomenon described in the passage Ablactation 9 (1) 3.2.2 Biological cause of ablactation in the passage Inadequate pollination/thrips 9 (1) 3.2.3 Climatic causes of ablactation x Frost 9 x Excessive rain 9 x Wind 9 (Any 2) (2) 3.2.4 Methods of protecting crops from climatic factors mentioned in QUESTION 3.2.3 Frost – tunnels/greenhouses/mulching 9 Excessive rain – greenhouses/tunnels 9 Wind – Shade houses/wind breaks/greenhouses/tunnels 9 (Any 2) (2) 3.3. Matching propagation methods with appropriate plant 3.3.1 cuttings 9 (1) 3.3.2 bulbs 9 (1) 3.3.3 tubers 9 (1) 3.3.4 rhizomes 9 (1) 3.3.5 runners 9 (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 3.4 3.4.1 Meaning of acronym GMO Genetically Modified Organism 9 (1) 3.4.2 Advantage of GM technology mentioned in the passage Production of herbicide resistant plants 9 (1) 3.4.3 Other methods of plant improvement in addition to GM technology x Selection 9 x Hybridisation 9 x Mutation 9 (Any 2) (2) 3.5 3.5.1 Environmental conditions that lead to rapid multiplication of pathogens x Monocultures 9 x High planting densities 9 x High humidity 9 x High temperatures 9 (Any 2) (2) 3.5.2 Micro-organisms that cause diseases x Viruses 9 x Bacteria 9 x Fungi 9 (Any 2) (2) 3.5.3 Measures for preventing spread of plant diseases x Remove all weeds 9 x Avoid overcrowding plants 9 x Use disease resistant varieties 9 x Practise intercropping 9 x Disinfect pruning tools 9 x Practise crop rotation 9 (Any 2) (2) 3.6 3.6.1 Matching insects with the statements given (a) – A 9 (b) – C 9 (c) – B 9 (3) 3.6.2 Advantages of using the pest control method in QUESTION 3.6.1. (c) x Not harmful to the environment 9 x No need to purchase expensive chemical pesticides 9 (2) 3.6.3 Non-chemical pest control methods x Crop rotation 9 x Biological control 9 x Intercropping 9 x Mechanical control 9 x Burning 9 (Any 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION 4.1 4.1.1 Identification of drainage layouts A – Grid system 9 B – Herringbone system 9 (2) 4.1.2 Letter for the drainage layout which can be used in the given cases (a) B 9 (b) C 9 (c) A 9 (3) 4.1.3 Factors farmers should consider when installing pipe drainage systems x Pipe diameter 9 x Depth of drains 9 x Drain slope 9 (Any 2) (2) 4.2 4.2.1 Example of a primary tillage implement x Plough 9 x Ripper 9 (Any 1) (1) 4.2.2 Main aim of secondary tillage x To break clumps of soil left by primary tillage implements 9 (1) 4.2.3 Differentiate between primary and secondary cultivation Primary tillage tends to produce a rough surface finish 9 whereas secondary tillage tends to produce a smoother surface finish. 9 (2) 4.3 4.3.1 Identification of instruments A and B A – Tensiometer 9 B – Class A evaporation pan 9 (2) 4.3.2 Advantages of irrigation scheduling x Minimises crop water stress 9 x Reduces the farmer’s cost of water and labour 9 x Minimises waterlogging problems 9 x Increases crop yields and quality 9 (Any 2) (2) 4.3.3 Sources of water for irrigation x Lakes / dams 9 x Permanent rivers / streams 9 x Aquifers / springs / boreholes 9 (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 4.4 4.4.1 Identification of the farming system Precision farming 9 (1) 4.4.2 Identify a piece of equipment which plays a central role in the farming system in the scenario GPS 9 (1) 4.4.3 Deduction of TWO advantages of the system x Allows the farmer to compare harvest information and identify poor spots in lands 9 x Allows the farmer to see exactly how much has been harvested from specific areas in the land 9 (Any 2) (2) 4.4.4 Other pieces of equipment required for successful implementation of precision farming x GIS maps 9 x Computers 9 x Satellites 9 (Any 2) (2) 4.5 4.5.1 Table showing the response of a farmer’s crop to two watering regimes Maize yield (t) Year Rainfed Irrigated 2010 80 90 2011 120 140 2012 80 82 2013 60 80 2014 90 110 Marking checklist x Title 9 x Units (t) 9 x Correct rainfed yields 9 x Correct irrigated yields 9 x Correct years 9 x Accuracy 9 (6) 4.5.2 Water delivery method which results in higher yields Irrigation 9 (1) 4.5.3 Justification for answer to QUESTION 4.5.2 Irrigated fields had higher yields than rainfed fields over the 5 years 9 (1) 4.5.4 Prediction of what could have caused the results in 2012 There were sufficient rains in 2012. 9 As a result, there were no significant differences between irrigated and rainfed fields. 9 (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9 4.5.5 Challenges that limit the widespread adoption of irrigation systems x Lack of water sources 9 x Cost of installation and maintenance of the irrigation systems 9 x Lack of knowledge required to run and maintain the irrigation systems 9 (Any 2) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over