Agricultural Sciences Grade 11 P1 2024 QP (Eng)

PROVINCIAL ASSESSMENT GRADE 11 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 NOVEMBER 2024 MARKS: 150 TIME: 2½ hours This question paper consists of 13 pages and a periodic table. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and SECTION B. 2. Answer ALL the questions on the FOLIO PAPER. 3. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 5. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 6. Show ALL calculations, including formulae, where applicable. 7. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 3 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) on the FOLIO PAPER, for e.g. 1.1.11 A. 1.1.1 ONE of the following elements is NOT an alkaline earth metal: A Calcium B Sodium C Magnesium D Beryllium 1.1.2 An example of a mixture: A Sodium chloride B Air C Water D Carbon dioxide 1.1.3 Indicate a balanced chemical equation that represents the combustion of propane (C3H8), a common fuel used in agricultural machines. A C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O B C3H8 + 3O2  3CO2 + 4H2O C C3H8 + 4O2  3CO2 + 4H2O D C3H8 + 6O2  3CO2 + 4H2O 1.1.4 A saturated fatty acid implies that the fatty acid: (i) Is of animal origin (ii) Can help reduce LDL cholesterol levels (iii) Is solid at room temperature (iv) Has no double bonds between the carbon atoms Choose the CORRECT combination: A (i), (ii) and (iii) B (i), (ii) and (iv) C (ii), (iii) and (iv) D (i), (iii) and (iv) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 4 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 1.1.5 The ability of a soil to hold nutrients and to make these nutrients available to plants: A Cohesion B Erodibility C Cation exchange capacity D Workability 1.1.6 The following are the steps used for soil classification: (i) Establish the soil form (ii) Demarcate master horizons (iii) Add organic matter to the soil (iv) Determine the soil series Choose the CORRECT combination: A (i), (ii) and (iii) B (ii), (iii) and (iv) C (i), (ii) and (iv) D (i), (iii) and (iv) 1.1.7 Soil acidity is a problem due to a combination of toxicity of … and impaired absorption of certain nutrients. A sodium B aluminium C magnesium D potassium 1.1.8 ONE of the following is NOT a control measure for managing soil sodicity: A Avoiding irrigation with sodic water B By removing excess sodium content from the soil C By adding gypsum into the soil D Excessive use of sodium-based fertilisers 1.1.9 A sign that the soil is rich in organic matter content. A Increased growth of plants B Increased soil acidity C Decreased water retention in the soil D Reduced microbial activity in the soil 1.1.10 Most microbial activity stops below a temperature of … A 3 oC. B 12 oC. C 5 oC. D 14 oC. (10 x 2) (20) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 5 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 1.2 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN B applies to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A and B or NONE of the items in COLUMN A. Write A only, B only, both A and B or none next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.5) on the FOLIO PAPER, example 1.2.6. B only. COLUMN A COLUMN B A C3OH 1.2.1 Butanol B CH3CH2OH A Organic matter content A factors that can influence the 1.2.2 development and stability of soil B Soil compaction structure A Nitrification A close association of interdependent 1.2.3 B Assimilation species A Lightning A natural phenomenon that can also 1.2.4 B Rainfall fix atmospheric nitrogen A Centipedes 1.2.5 They eat decaying organic residues B Millipedes (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the word/term next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.5) on the FOLIO PAPER. 1.3.1 The arrangement of electrons in an atom 1.3.2 A type of gas that is responsible for the germination of seeds in plants 1.3.3 The microbial conversion of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen 1.3.4 The very stable end-product of the decomposition of organic matter 1.3.5 The loss of soil quality and fertility (5 x 2) (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 6 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 1.4 Change the underlined word(s) in each of the following statements to make them TRUE. Write only the answer next to the question numbers (1.4.1 to 1.4.5) on the FOLIO PAPER. 1.4.1 All acids dissolve in water to produce hydroxide ions. 1.4.2 0,25 mm to 0,50 mm is the diameter of very coarse sand. 1.4.3 Mineralisation is the process whereby an insoluble substance is made soluble. 1.4.4 The addition of cover crops such as manure may contribute to the increase of organic matter content. 1.4.5 Cations are organic compounds that bind with metal ions to form a ring structure. (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 7 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 SECTION B QUESTION 2: BASIC AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY Start this question on a NEW page. 2.1 The illustrations below show different organic and inorganic compounds. COMPOUND A COMPOUND B COMPOUND C COMPOUND D 2.1.1 From the illustrations above, classify compound A. (1) 2.1.2 Identify from the compounds above, only the LETTER that best suites the following descriptions: a) Building blocks of proteins (1) b) An important constituent of fats (1) c) A valuable micronutrient for plant growth (1) 2.1.3 Identify from the illustrations above compounds A, C and D. (3) 2.2 The block below gives an element in the periodic table. 94 Pu 239 2.2.1 Indicate the number of each of the following: a) Neutrons (1) b) Protons (1) c) Electrons (1) 2.2.2 Provide a collective name for protons, electrons and neutrons. (1) 2.2.3 Name the particle in QUESTION 2.2.1 that does NOT contribute to towards the mass of an atom. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 8 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 2.3 The periodic table is a table of the elements; the elements are ordered and grouped according to their properties. 2.3.1 Give THREE characteristics of the periodic table. (3) 2.3.2 Provide chemical symbols for mercury and molybdenum. (2) 2.4 A Lewis-dot-structure is a diagram that represents the valence electrons of atoms within a molecule. Draw a Lewis-dot-structure of oxygen. (2) 2.5 The schematic representation below shows the types of compounds. ┌COMPOUND┐ A B ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Carbohydrates C Proteins D Ammonia Carbon dioxide 2.5.1 Identify the compounds represented by letters A and B. (2) 2.5.2 Identify the letter in the schematic representation above that matches each of the following statements. Write only the letter (A–D). a) Provides thermal insulation to maintain body temperature (1) b) Transports nutrients in living organisms (1) c) This type of compound is typical of geological systems (1) 2.6 Provide TWO functions of ammonia in agricultural production. (2) 2.7 Differentiate between essential and non-essential amino acids. (2) 2.8 Alkanes refer to a series of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. 2.8.1 Provide a chemical formula for butane. (1) 2.8.2 Give TWO functions of alkanes in agricultural production. (2) 2.9 Give TWO differences between fats and oils. (4) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 9 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 QUESTION 3: SOIL SCIENCE Start this question on a NEW page. 3.1 Name the master horizon, diagnostic topsoil horizon, age of the soil or diagnostic subsoil horizon used in the following descriptions: 3.1.1 The most common diagnostic topsoil horizon (1) 3.1.2 The naturally occurring consolidated bedrock (1) 3.1.3 The soil horizon which is mostly found in waterlogged areas (1) 3.1.4 The diagnostic subsoil horizon that has a uniformly red colour (1) 3.2 The pictures below show different methods of determining soil texture. METHOD A METHOD B 3.2.1 Identify the two methods above: a) method A (1) b) method B (1) 3.2.2 Give ONE advantage of using method B. (1) 3.2.3 Outline TWO reasons why a farmer should know the textural class of soil for crop production. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 10 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 3.3 The table below shows characteristics of different soil structures. SOIL 1 SOIL 2 SOIL 3 Irregular blocks that are Particles are arranged Soil is broken into usually 1,5 cm – 5,0 cm around a plane, individual particles that in diameter. generally horizontal. do not stick together. 3.3.1 Identify the THREE different soil structures described by SOIL 1, 2 and 3. (3) 3.3.2 Identify from the table above the SOIL that is mostly found in B-horizons. (1) 3.3.3 State TWO factors that could cause the destruction or decline of soil structures. (2) 3.4 Match soil colour to the statements in QUESTION 3.4.1 to 3.4.4. Write ONLY the letters (A–E) next to the question numbers (3.4.1 to 3.4.4). A Dark brown or black B Grey C Yellow D Red E Mottled 3.4.1 Highly oxidized iron minerals like hematite. (1) 3.4.2 Patches of different colours suggesting waterlogging. (1) 3.4.3 Presence of organic matter content. (1) 3.4.4 Loss of oxidized iron from lack of oxygen and poorly drained. (1) 3.5 A soil sample has a mass of 800 g with a volume of 450 cm3. 3.5.1 Use a formula and calculate the bulk density of this soil sample. (3) 3.5.2 State TWO factors that influence the bulk density of soil. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 11 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 3.6 The soil temperatures were collected at different times of the day. The results are shown in the table below. TIME OF THE DAY TEMPERATURE (O C) 1. 08h00 11 2. 10h00 16 3. 13h00 22 4. 16h00 24 5. 20h00 18 3.6.1 Draw a bar graph showing the soil temperature at different times of the day. (6) 3.6.2 Name ONE important factor influencing soil temperature. (1) 3.7 Soil air is similar in composition to that in the atmosphere. 3.7.1 Indicate the type of soil air (gas) that is responsible for the following functions. a) Necessary for respiration of plant roots and soil organisms. (1) b) Combines with soil water to dissolve rocks. (1) 3.7.2 State TWO factors that affect the composition of soil air. (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 12 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 QUESTION 4: SOIL SCIENCES AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER Start this question on a NEW page. 4.1 Name a micro-organism that best suits the following descriptions: 4.1.1 Threadlike bacteria that look like fungi. (1) 4.1.2 A microscopic roundworm that is most abundant in the soil. (1) 4.1.3 A multicellular organism that forms a mass of tangled threads called mycelium. (1) 4.1.4 A simple unicellular organism that lacks a cell wall. (1) 4.1.5 A micro-organism that can synthesize and make their own food. (1) 4.2 Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil, expressed on a scale of 0 to 14. 4.2.1 Indicate the pH of the soil where the following ions are predominant: a) A higher concentration of potassium (K+) and sodium (Na2+) ions. (1) b) A higher concentration of magnesium (Mg2+) and calcium (Ca2+). (1) 4.2.2 Differentiate between reserve acidity and active acidity. (2) 4.3 The table below provides information on two micro-organisms that are found in plants. MICRO-ORGANISM A MICRO-ORGANISM B It helps plant roots to absorb more It helps legume plants to absorb phosphorus. nitrogen from the atmosphere. In return, the micro-organism gets food from the plant. 4.3.1 Indicate the type of symbiotic relationship that is illustrated by micro- (1) organism B. 4.3.2 Give TWO reasons why these micro-organisms are important in soil. (2) 4.3.3 List TWO requirements that allow micro-organisms A and B to perform their functions. (2) 4.3.4 Identify micro-organisms A and B in the table above. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Agricultural Sciences/P1 13 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 4.4 Soil colloids influences the physical and chemical characteristics of soil. 4.4.1 Define the concept soil colloids. (2) 4.4.2 Give TWO ways of manipulating the cations and cation exchange in a soil that is nutrient poor. (2) 4.5 Soil organic matter is the fraction of the soil that consists of plant and animal tissue in various stages of decomposition. 4.5.1 Name THREE factors that lower the organic matter content of soil. (3) 4.5.2 Give TWO biological effects of a decline in organic matter. (2) 4.5.3 Provide the names of TWO elements that are released when organic matter is mineralised. (2) 4.5.4 Name TWO chemical effects of organic matter in the soil. (2) 4.5.5 Give TWO practices that improve organic matter content. (2) 4.6 The following table shows different processes that occur during farming practices and a nutrient cycle. PROCESS 1 PROCESS 2 PROCESS 3 Farmers add the gas to The substance is Nitrates are converted the soil to improve and converted into nitrates back to the substance increase crop by the soil microbes. by the soil microbes. production. 4.6.1 Identify, in the table above, processes 1, 2 and 3. (3) 4.6.2 State the type of nutrient cycle in the table above. (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved

Agricultural Sciences/P1 1 NW/November 2024 Grade 11 Copyright reserved