Agricultural Sciences Grade 11 P2 2023 Memo (Eng)

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2023 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2023) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C ✓✓ 1.1.2 A ✓✓ 1.1.3 A ✓✓ 1.1.4 C ✓✓ 1.1.5 B ✓✓ 1.1.6 C ✓✓ 1.1.7 B ✓✓ 1.1.8 D ✓✓ 1.1.9 D ✓✓ 1.1.10 B ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 F ✓✓ 1.2.2 D ✓✓ 1.2.3 A ✓✓ 1.2.4 J ✓✓ 1.2.5 C ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Transpirational pull ✓✓ 1.3.2 Agricultural lime ✓✓ 1.3.3 Integrated Pest Control ✓✓ 1.3.4 Biotechnology ✓✓ 1.3.5 Soil surveying ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Fertilisation ✓ 1.4.2 Oxygen ✓ 1.4.3 Monoculture ✓ 1.4.4 Legumes ✓ 1.4.5 Fallow ✓ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: PLANT STUDIES (NUTRITION) 2.1 2.1.1 Process shown in the diagram Photosynthesis ✓ (1) 2.1.2 Identification of product Sugar ✓ (1) 2.1.3 Storage organs for products of photosynthesis • Roots ✓ • Stems ✓ • Leaves ✓ • Seeds ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.4 Factors influencing the rate of photosynthesis • Light intensity ✓ • Temperature ✓ • Carbon dioxide concentration ✓ • Water ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.5 Methods of optimising photosynthesis • Use of a greenhouse / tunnel ✓ • Plant density ✓ • Trellising plants ✓ • Pruning ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.6 Consequences of the absence of photosynthesis • Plants and animals will die due to lack of oxygen ✓ • Animals will die of hunger ✓ • Global warming ✓ due to absence of plants that absorb carbon dioxide ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Identification of processes A and B A – Osmosis ✓ B – Transpiration ✓ (2) 2.2.2 Importance of water movement in plants • Transport of nutrients ✓ • Temperature regulation ✓ • Uptake of nutrients ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.2.3 Ways plants use to reduce water loss through transpiration • Waxy cuticle ✓ • Hairy leaves ✓ • Small leaves ✓ • Stomata on underside of leaves ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2023) 2.3 2.3.1 Labels B – Micro ✓ C – Potassium ✓ D – K+ ions ✓ E – NO3- / NH4+ ✓ F – Stunted growth / Leaf chlorosis ✓ G – Macro ✓ (6 x 1) (6) 2.3.2 Methods that can be used to determine the nutrient status of soils • Soil analysis ✓ • Plant analysis ✓ (2) 2.4 2.4.1 Difference between passive and active mineral uptake Passive uptake Active uptake • Nutrients move down the • Nutrients move against the concentration gradient ✓ concentration gradient ✓ • No energy required ✓ • Energy in the form of ATP required ✓ • Carrier molecule not required ✓ • Carrier molecule required ✓ (Any 4 x 1) (4) 2.4.2 Factors affecting nutrient availability Soil texture ✓ Soil pH ✓ (2) 2.5 2.5.1 Classification of fertilisers Farmer A – Organic fertiliser ✓ Farmer B – Inorganic fertiliser ✓ (2) 2.5.2 Environmental effects of inorganic fertilisers • Can lead to eutrophication ✓ • Soil acidification ✓ • Storage and application of nitrogenous fertilisers emits greenhouse gases ✓ • Can destroy soil food webs ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.5.3 An example of a nitrogenous fertiliser Lime ammonium nitrate / Ammonium nitrate ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION AND PROTECTION 3.1 3.1.1 Captions for diagrams 1 and 2 Diagram 1 – Stamen / androecium ✓ Diagram 2 – Pistil / gynoecium ✓ (2) 3.1.2 Function of Part C in diagram 2 Fuses with the male gamete ✓ (1) 3.1.3 Identification of flower parts B – stigma ✓ D – ovary ✓ (2) 3.1.4 Name of process Pollination ✓ (1) 3.1.5 Examples of pollination agents • Insects ✓ • Birds ✓ • Water ✓ • Wind ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.1.6 Letter of a part that will develop into: (a) – D ✓ (b) – C ✓ (2) 3.2 3.2.1 Identification of processes A – Parthenocarpy ✓ B – Ablactation ✓ (2) 3.2.2 Types of process A • Vegetative parthenocarpy ✓ • Stimulative parthenocarpy ✓ (2) 3.2.3 Factors that influence the process B • Strong winds ✓ • Low temperatures / frost ✓ • Mineral deficiencies ✓ • Too many fruits ✓ • Insect pests ✓ • Deformed flowers ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.3 Identification of the process 3.3.1 Germination ✓ (1) 3.3.2 Name of the process Dormancy ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2023) 3.3.3 Strategies for overcoming dormancy • Priming / soaking seeds ✓ • Scarification ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.3.4 Requirements for seed germination • Favourable temperature • Adequate water supply • Availability of oxygen (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.4 3.4.1 Name of parts A and B A – Scion ✓ B – Root stock ✓ (2) 3.4.2 Classification of reproduction type Asexual reproduction ✓ (1) 3.4.3 Justification of answer to QUESTION 3.4.2 Does not involve the fusion of gametes ✓ (1) 3.4.4 Advantages of asexual reproduction • Fertilisation does not need to take place ✓ • Avoid overcrowding plants ✓ • Root stock and scion can be from different varieties ✓ • Can be used where seed propagation is not practical ✓ • Produces fruits that are true to type ✓ • When introducing new cultivars it not necessary to remove the old trees and replace them with young trees ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.5 3.5.1 Identification of the role of weeds in plant disease outbreaks They serve as hosts for pathogens ✓ (1) 3.5.2 Examples of mechanical weed control methods • Fire ✓ • Cultivation ✓ • Mowing / Slashing / cutting ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.5.3 Contributions of the state towards plant protection • Quarantine services ✓ • Seed certification systems ✓ • Legislation ✓ • Research ✓ • Depositories ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.5.4 Examples of stored grain pests • Rice / Maize weevil ✓ • Grain beetle ✓ • Grain / Flour moth ✓ • Flour beetle ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION 4.1 4.1.1 Identification of farming system Precision farming ✓ (1) 4.1.2 Key technologies used in precision farming • Global Positioning System / GPS ✓ • Geographical Information System / GIS ✓ (2) 4.1.3 Aims of precision farming • To allow the farmer to have more precise control over natural variation in soil on the farm ✓ • To enable the farmer to apply inputs only as needed and where needed to ensure optimum production ✓ (2) 4.2 4.2.1 Comparison between the leaf size of spinach grown in a green house and in an open field. 35 30 Leaf area (cm2) 25 20 15 Open field Greenhouse 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 Time (weeks) • Correct heading with both variables ✓ • Correct graph type ✓ • Units (Weeks / cm2) ✓ • y-axis: Correct labelling and calibration ✓ • x-axis: Correct labelling and calibration ✓ • Correct plotting (80% and more correct plotting) ✓ (6) 4.2.2 Conclusion that can be drawn from the information in the graph Plants grown in greenhouses have bigger leaves ✓ than those grown in an open field over 4 weeks. ✓ (2) 4.2.3 Explanation for the differences in leaf sizes Plants grown in the green house grow faster because temperatures are higher ✓ in the greenhouse, resulting in higher photosynthetic rates. ✓ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2023) 4.3 4.3.1 Aims of soil cultivation • Bury plant remains ✓ • Incorporate fertiliser and lime into the soil ✓ • Control weeds ✓ • To break up soil crusts ✓ • Loosen the soil to make root penetration and infiltration easier ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3.2 Differences between primary and secondary cultivation Primary tillage cut and shatters the soil with deep penetration tools to produce a rough surface finish ✓ whereas secondary tillage aims to level and firm the top part of the soil to produce a smoother surface finish. ✓ (2) 4.3.3 Tools used in primary and secondary cultivation Primary cultivation • Ploughs ✓ • Rippers ✓ Secondary cultivation • Harrows ✓ • Cultivators ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3.4 Environmentally friendly cultivation systems • Minimum tillage ✓ • Zero tillage ✓ • Mulching method ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4 4.4.1 Identification of process Crop rotation ✓ (1) 4.4.2 Principles of crop rotation shown in the table • Crops that require the same nutrients should not follow each other ✓ • Crops that are affected by the same pests and diseases should not follow each other ✓ • Shallow rooted crops should be followed by deep rooted crops ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4.3 Reasons for recommending crop rotation • Protects the farmer from total crop failure ✓ • Maintains soil fertility ✓ • Improves soil structure ✓ • Controls pests and diseases ✓ • Increases soil nitrogen content ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.5 4.5.1 Identification of cultivation system Hydroponics ✓ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2023) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9 4.5.2 Difference between hydroponics and open field system Hydroponics is involves growing plants in a water-based nutrient solution ✓ while the open field involves growing crops directly onto the soil. ✓ (2) 4.5.3 Examples of growth media that can be used in hydroponics Vermiculite ✓ Perlite ✓ (2) 4.5.4 Advantages of the closed hydroponic system • Uniform irrigation ✓ • Savings on water and fertiliser ✓ • No growth medium is necessary ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over