Agricultural Sciences Grade 11 P2 2020 Memo (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2020 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE (EXEMPLAR) MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 A  1.1.2 C  1.1.3 B  1.1.4 C  1.1.5 B  1.1.6 C  1.1.7 C  1.1.8 A  1.1.9 D  1.1.10 D  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 H  1.2.2 E  1.2.3 F  1.2.4 B  1.2.5 A  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Transpirational pull  1.3.2 Fertiliser  1.3.3 Pollination  1.3.4 Integrated Pest Management  1.3.5 Green house  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Diffusion  1.4.2 Germination  1.4.3 Monoculture  1.4.4 Aquaculture  1.4.5 Survey  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: PLANT STUDIES (NUTRITION) 2.1 2.1.1 Process represented by the chemical equation Photosynthesis  (1) 2.1.2 Compound B Glucose  (1) 2.1.3 Plant organs where compound B is found  Leaves   Stems   Roots   Tubers   Bulbs  (Any 2) (2) 2.1.4 Methods of speeding up the rate of photosynthesis  Use of greenhouses   Pruning   Trellising systems   Using optimum plant density  (Any 2) (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Functions of water in plants  Provides mechanical rigidity to cells   Important in chemical reactions   A universal solvent   It serves as a transport medium   Temperature regulation  (Any 2) (2) 2.2.2 Adaptation of the plant to reduce transpiration rate  Leaves are reduced   Photosynthesis occurs on stems   Stems store water   Stems are shiny to reflect heat waves and reduce transpiration  (Any 3) (3) 2.2.3 Consequences of lack of adaptations to reduce water loss  Plant cannot carry out metabolism due to lack water   Failure to regulate temperature   Failure to transport minerals and products of photosynthesis   Wilting   Senescence  (Any 2) (2) 2.3 2.3.1 Classification of inorganic fertiliser Inorganic fertiliser  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 2.3.2 Examples of phosphorus fertilisers  Superphosphate / mono-calcium phosphate   Raw/rock phosphate  (2) 2.3.3 Percentage nitrogen in a fertiliser bag N = 280 g/1 000 g x 100  = 28%  (2) 2.3.4 Evidence of state regulation of fertiliser production  Registration number   Act number 36 of 1947  (2) 2.4 2.4.1 Identification of structure C Transport protein  (1) 2.4.2 Identification of transport mechanisms A – Passive uptake  B – Active uptake  (2) 2.4.3 Motivation of answers to QUESTION 2.4.2  A does not require energy in the form of ATP while in B energy is required  OR  In A movement is along concentration gradient  while in B movement is against concentration gradient  (2) 2.5 2.5.1 Basal application (1) 2.5.2 Broadcasting  (1) 2.5.3 Foliar application  (1) 2.5.4 Band placing  (1) 2.5.5 Fertigation  (1) 2.6 2.6.1 Deduction of an advantage of green manuring Soil conservation  (1) 2.6.2 Explanation of the advantage of using leguminous plants Legumes form a mutually symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria,  which improve the nitrogen content of the soil.  OR Legumes are rich in proteins  upon being ploughed under as green manures they are decomposed by microbes to nitrogen containing compounds increasing the soil’s nitrogen content.  (2) 2.6.3 Advantages of green manuring  Reduces soil erosion   Improves soil fertility   Improves soil structure  (Any 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION AND PROTECTION 3.1 3.1.1 Name of plant propagation method Grafting  (1) 3.1.2 Labelling A – scion  B – rootstock  (2) 3.1.3 Advantages of plant propagation method in QUESTION 3.1.1.  Fruit trees can be produced with several varieties   The appearance or form of a plant can be changed   An undesirable trait can be corrected   The scion can be grafted onto a healthier rootstock with a more vigorous root system  (Any 2) (2) 3.1.4 Examples of fruit trees propagated using grafting in South Africa  Oranges   Lemons   Nartjie   Grapes   Macadamia   Avocado   Nectarines   Apples  (Any 2) (2) 3.2 3.2.1 Name of phenomenon described in the passage Ablactation  (1) 3.2.2 Biological cause of ablactation in the passage Inadequate pollination/thrips  (1) 3.2.3 Climatic causes of ablactation  Frost   Excessive rain   Wind  (Any 2) (2) 3.2.4 Methods of protecting crops from climatic factors mentioned in QUESTION 3.2.3 Frost – tunnels/greenhouses/mulching  Excessive rain – greenhouses/tunnels  Wind – Shade houses/wind breaks/greenhouses/tunnels  (Any 2) (2) 3.3. Matching propagation methods with appropriate plant 3.3.1 cuttings  (1) 3.3.2 bulbs  (1) 3.3.3 tubers  (1) 3.3.4 rhizomes  (1) 3.3.5 runners  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 3.4 3.4.1 Meaning of acronym GMO Genetically Modified Organism  (1) 3.4.2 Advantage of GM technology mentioned in the passage Production of herbicide resistant plants  (1) 3.4.3 Other methods of plant improvement in addition to GM technology  Selection   Hybridisation   Mutation  (Any 2) (2) 3.5 3.5.1 Environmental conditions that lead to rapid multiplication of pathogens  Monocultures   High planting densities   High humidity   High temperatures  (Any 2) (2) 3.5.2 Micro-organisms that cause diseases  Viruses   Bacteria   Fungi  (Any 2) (2) 3.5.3 Measures for preventing spread of plant diseases  Remove all weeds   Avoid overcrowding plants   Use disease resistant varieties   Practise intercropping   Disinfect pruning tools   Practise crop rotation  (Any 2) (2) 3.6 3.6.1 Matching insects with the statements given (a) – A  (b) – C  (c) – B  (3) 3.6.2 Advantages of using the pest control method in QUESTION 3.6.1. (c)  Not harmful to the environment   No need to purchase expensive chemical pesticides  (2) 3.6.3 Non-chemical pest control methods  Crop rotation   Biological control   Intercropping   Mechanical control   Burning  (Any 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION 4.1 4.1.1 Identification of drainage layouts A – Grid system  B – Herringbone system  (2) 4.1.2 Letter for the drainage layout which can be used in the given cases (a) B  (b) C  (c) A  (3) 4.1.3 Factors farmers should consider when installing pipe drainage systems  Pipe diameter   Depth of drains   Drain slope  (Any 2) (2) 4.2 4.2.1 Example of a primary tillage implement  Plough   Ripper  (Any 1) (1) 4.2.2 Main aim of secondary tillage  To break clumps of soil left by primary tillage implements  (1) 4.2.3 Differentiate between primary and secondary cultivation Primary tillage tends to produce a rough surface finish  whereas secondary tillage tends to produce a smoother surface finish.  (2) 4.3 4.3.1 Identification of instruments A and B A – Tensiometer  B – Class A evaporation pan  (2) 4.3.2 Advantages of irrigation scheduling  Minimises crop water stress   Reduces the farmer’s cost of water and labour   Minimises waterlogging problems   Increases crop yields and quality  (Any 2) (2) 4.3.3 Sources of water for irrigation  Lakes / dams   Permanent rivers / streams   Aquifers / springs / boreholes  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 4.4 4.4.1 Identification of the farming system Precision farming  (1) 4.4.2 Identify a piece of equipment which plays a central role in the farming system in the scenario GPS  (1) 4.4.3 Deduction of TWO advantages of the system  Allows the farmer to compare harvest information and identify poor spots in lands   Allows the farmer to see exactly how much has been harvested from specific areas in the land  (Any 2) (2) 4.4.4 Other pieces of equipment required for successful implementation of precision farming  GIS maps   Computers   Satellites  (Any 2) (2) 4.5 4.5.1 Table showing the response of a farmer’s crop to two watering regimes Maize yield (t) Year Rainfed Irrigated 2010 80 90 2011 120 140 2012 80 82 2013 60 80 2014 90 110 Marking checklist  Title   Units (t)   Correct rainfed yields   Correct irrigated yields   Correct years   Accuracy  (6) 4.5.2 Water delivery method which results in higher yields Irrigation  (1) 4.5.3 Justification for answer to QUESTION 4.5.2 Irrigated fields had higher yields than rainfed fields over the 5 years  (1) 4.5.4 Prediction of what could have caused the results in 2012 There were sufficient rains in 2012.  As a result, there were no significant differences between irrigated and rainfed fields.  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9 4.5.5 Challenges that limit the widespread adoption of irrigation systems  Lack of water sources   Cost of installation and maintenance of the irrigation systems   Lack of knowledge required to run and maintain the irrigation systems  (Any 2) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over