Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC June 2015 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 2015 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/2015 SCE – Memorandum SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 A  1.1.2 D  1.1.3 B  1.1.4 C  1.1.5 C  1.1.6 D  1.1.7 B  1.1.8 A  1.1.9 D  1.1.10 C  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only  1.2.2 Both A and B  1.2.3 B only  1.2.4 A only  1.2.5 None  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Oesophageal groove  1.3.2 Bacteria/micro organisms  1.3.3 Red  1.3.4 Meiosis  1.3.5 Freemartin/freemartinism/queen  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Iodine/I  1.4.2 Roasting  1.4.3 Tranquilisers  1.4.4 Homoeothermic/endothermic/warm blooded  1.4.5 Oxytocin  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 3 DBE/2015 SCE – Memorandum SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 The alimentary canal of a farm animal 2.1.1 Type of farm animal represented by the diagram Chicken/fowl/poultry/bird  (1) 2.1.2 Motivation for the answer • Crop  • Proventriculus/granular/true stomach  • Ventriculus/muscular/gizzard  • Caeca/blind guts  • Cloaca/vent  (Any 3) (3) 2.1.3 Letters of the parts where each of the following occurs (a) Excretion - I  (1) (b) Microbial fermentation - G  (1) (c) Mechanical digestion - D  (1) 2.2 Pearson square method 2.2.1 Pearson square method to balance the ration Maize 9% 27 parts/27  17%  Soya oilcake 44% 8 parts/8  (3) 2.2.2 Calculations to show the percentage of feeds in a ration Total: 27 + 8 = 35  % Maize: 27 ÷ 35 x 100  = 77,14/77%  % Soya oilcake: 8 ÷ 35 x 100  = 22,86/23%  (5) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 4 DBE/2015 SCE – Memorandum 2.3 Fodder flow programme 2.3.1 Total quantity of lucerne (DM in kg) required per year 600kg x 12  = 7 200kg lucerne  (2) 2.3.2 Availability of feed for the animals for one year There will not be enough feed  Reason Animals require 7 200kg, production is 5 800kg of lucerne/1 400kg deficit/less feed  (2) 2.3.3 Month with the highest production • December  (1) 2.3.4 Alternatives to fulfill feed requirements of the animals • Protein rich supplement/sources  • Green fodder  • Plant crops to be used as silage  • Crop residues to be utilized as stover  (Any 2) (2) 2.4 Piglets in a concrete pen 2.4.1 The appropriate term for this condition Anaemia  (1) 2.4.2 THREE visible symptoms associated with the condition • Diarrhoea  • Paleness of the mucus membranes/skin  • Loss of appetite/anorexia  • Listlessness/appear tired/weakness  • Rapid breathing  • Loose, wrinkled skin  • Swelling of the head/eyes/shoulders  (Any 3) (3) 2.4.3 TWO precautionary measures for this condition • Iron/Fe-injection  • Putting soil sods in the pen  • Painting teats with an iron solution/iron sulphate  • Supplementing/creep feeding/ration  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 5 DBE/2015 SCE – Memorandum 2.5 Ration formulated for dairy cattle 2.5.1 Calculation of the nutritive ratio % digestible non-nitrogen substances = TDN – DP = 80% – 10% = 70 %  NR = 1: % DNNS OR NR = 1: %TDN – %DP  % DP %DP NR = 1: 70%  10% NR = 1:7  (4) 2.5.2 Suitability of ration • Unsuitable/not suitable  (1) 2.5.3 TWO reasons for the answer • NR is wider than 1:6  • Protein content is too low  (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 6 DBE/2015 SCE – Memorandum QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 FARMER A and FARMER B have each started an intensive production venture with young lambs 3.1.1 Reason for the housing layouts of FARMER A (a) Building on a slight slope • Water can run off  (1) (b) Dry bedding • Protect animals against cold  (1) (c) Cemented floor • Easy to clean/hygienic conditions/avoid mud when wet  (1) (d) Long building with long axis facing east • Warmer in winter/cooler in summer  (1) 3.1.2 The impact on production for FARMER B: (a) House facing north direction • Very hot in summer  • Warm in winter  (2) (b) Muddy floor • Foot diseases  • Hygienic problems  • Parasite infestation  (Any 2) (2) (c) Build on level ground • Water cannot run off/poor drainage/stagnation of water  • Muddy/unhygienic conditions  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 7 DBE/2015 SCE – Memorandum 3.2 Graph on feed consumption and weight gain for beef cattle 3.2.1 Line graph on average feed consumption/average weight gain Average weight gain and the average feed consumption of cattle Average weight gain (g/day) 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Average feed consumption (kg/day) Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines • Correct heading  • X axis - correctly calibrated and labelled (Feed consumption)  • Y axis - correctly calibrated and labelled (Weight gain)  • Correct units (kg/day and g/day)  • Accuracy  • Line graph  (6) 3.2.2 The relationship between feed consumption and weight gain • Weight gain is directly proportional to feed consumption  OR • The higher the feed consumed the higher/greater the weight gain/vice versa  (2) 3.3 Various stages of the life cycle of a parasite 3.3.1 Name and type of parasite represented • Bont tick  • External/ecto parasite  (2) 3.3.2 Classification of the type of parasite according to the life cycle Three-host parasite  (1) 3.3.3 Letters representing the stages in the life cycle of the parasite: (a) The larvae that hatches from the eggs - B  (1) (b) The nymph feeding on the second host - D  (1) (c) Ticks feeding on the third host - E  (1) (d) The first host - C  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 8 DBE/2015 SCE – Memorandum 3.3.4 TWO damaging effects this parasite has on livestock • Damage the skin/teats/genitals  • Lowering the resistance of the host  • Anaemia as a result of blood sucked from the host  • Transmission of diseases  • Death  • General deterioration  • Irritation  (Any 2) (2) 3.4 Scenario on an integrated production system 3.4.1 Definition of intensive production system • Small area with lots of animals  • Human and technological involvement and intervention  • High production in/outputs  • Independent from nature  (Any 2) (2) 3.4.2 Evidence of TWO intensive production systems • Irrigation  • Feedlot  • Planted pastures  (Any 2) (2) 3.4.3 TWO reasons for planting trees on the natural pastures • Protect animals against extreme environmental conditions (sunlight/heat/radiation/cold/wind/rain)  • Provide shade  • Provide shelter/protection  • Feeding/nutrition  (Any 2) (2) 3.4.4 Scientific term for the farming system • Extensive production system  (1) 3.4.5 Influence of feedlot on the stock density • Stock density will go up/increase/improve/become more  (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 9 DBE/2015 SCE – Memorandum QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 The pie chart is a representation of the oestrus cycle in cows 4.1.1 Duration of the oestrus cycle in non-pregnant cows • 18 - 24 days  (1) 4.1.2 Percentage which corresponds with the stage at which the cow will mate with a bull • 4%  (1) 4.1.3 Stage and hormone responsible for the condition • Oestrus  • Oestrogen  (2) 4.1.4 The hormone responsible for each of the following percentages: (a) 4% - Oestrogen  (1) (b) 12% - Follicle stimulating hormone/FSH  (1) (c) 15% - Luteinising hormone/LH  (1) (d) 69% - Progesterone  (1) 4.2 Artificial insemination 4.2.1 Definition of artificial insemination • The collection of semen from the bull and  • Placing of the semen into the reproductive canal of a cow  • Leading to the fertilisation without natural mating  (3) 4.2.2 TWO prerequisites for the successful artificial insemination • Cows must be in oestrus/heat  • AI must take place on the correct point in oestrus/timing  • Use healthy/uninfected/viable semen  • Used sterilized instruments  • Done by qualified person/personnel/correct technique  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 10 DBE/2015 SCE – Memorandum 4.2.3 THREE dilutants commonly used to dilute semen • Milk  • Fructose/glucose (nutrients)  • Egg yolk  • Lipids  • Glycerol  • Buffers/sodium citrate  • Antibiotics/penicillin  (Any 3) (3) 4.2.4 ONE other method for his cows to produce offspring • Cloning  • Natural mating  (Any 1) (1) 4.3 The process of mating 4.3.1 FIVE stages of mating in sequential order • Courtship/Sexual attraction  • Mounting  • Copulation/intromission  • Ejaculation  • Dismounting  (5) 4.3.2 THREE factors regulating mating behavior among bulls • Genetic make-up  • Environmental factors  • Physiological factors  • Health  • Experience  (Any 3) (3) 4.4 Developing embryo 4.4.1 Identification of letters and the names of parts: (a) G  Placenta  (2) (b) A  Amnion  (2) (c) F  Chorion  (2) 4.4.2 THREE functions of the part B (Amniotic fluid) • Shock absorber  • Allow movement of foetus  • Regulates temperature  • Lubricates birth canal  • Prevents desiccation of foetus  (Any 3) (3) 4.4.3 The substance that is enclosed by the membrane labelled A • Amniotic fluid  (1) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved