Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC June 2016 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 2016 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/2016 SCE – Memorandum SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B  1.1.2 A  1.1.3 A/B/C/D  1.1.4 D  1.1.5 B  1.1.6 B  1.1.7 A  1.1.8 C  1.1.9 A  1.1.10 D  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only  1.2.2 A only  1.2.3 Both A and B  1.2.4 B only  1.2.5 None  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Ammonia  1.3.2 Backyard/free range system  1.3.3 Placenta retention  1.3.4 Spermatogenesis  1.3.5 Flushing/harvesting  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Mineral licks  1.4.2 Antibodies  1.4.3 Progesterone  1.4.4 Mummification  1.4.5 Pistolette  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 3 DBE/2016 SCE – Memorandum SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Alimentary canal of poultry 2.1.1 Identification of the parts A - Crop  (1) B - Proventriculus/glandular stomach  (1) C - Ventriculus/gizzard/muscular stomach  (1) 2.1.2 Letter of the part that contains small stones C (1) 2.1.3 Reason for the presence of stones Helps with mechanical digestion/grinding of the food  (1) 2.1.4 Parts of the alimentary canal of poultry that will not be found in sheep • Crop/A  • Proventriculus/B  • Gizzard/ventriculus/C  • Cloaca/vent/uro-genital opening/E  • Caeca/D  (Any 2) (2) 2.2 Composition of feed intake and excreted by a calf consuming 5kg 2.2.1 Feed component with lowest absorption rate Crude fibre  (1) 2.2.2 TWO reasons for the answer • Has the highest rate of excretion  • Fore stomachs/rumen not well developed/not functional  • Absence/limited quantities of rumen micro flora  (Any 2) (2) 2.2.3 ONE reason for not recommending it for dairy cows • Crude protein concentration is too low/5%  • Crude fibre concentration is too high/78%  (Any 1) (1) 2.2.4 Calculate dry material (DM) in the feed (kg) • (15% moisture) 0,15 x 5kg = 0,75kg moisture  • 5kg – 0,75 = 4,25kg DM  OR • (85% DM) 0,85 x 5kg  • = 4,25kg DM  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 4 DBE/2016 SCE – Memorandum 2.3 Pearson square method (Information on two feeds) 2.3 2.3.1 Calculate percentage (a) Maize meal 31 x 100  33 = 93,93%  (2) (b) Soybean meal 2 x 100  33 = 6,06%  (2) 2.3.2 Cost of soybean in the ration • 0,0606 (6,06%) x 285kg = 17,27kg  • 17,27kg x R4,58 per kg  • = R79,10  (3) 2.4 Biological value (BV) data 2.4.1 Explanation of biological value • BV is an index of the % of nitrogen in a certain feed  • It reflects the quality of protein in the feed  • It is determined by the amino acid composition  • and the ratio of amino acids in the protein  (Any 2) (2) 2.4.2 Relation between the BV and the quality of a feed • The higher the BV  • The better the quality of a feed  OR • The lower the BV  • The lower the quality of a feed  (2) 2.4.3 Identification of feed with the lowest BV Maize meal  (1) 2.4.4 Determination of suitability of maize meal • Suitable for energy/fattening • Not suitable for production/growth/reproduction  (Any 1) (1) 2.4.5 Importance of feeding pigs feed with high BV • They are not able to produce their own amino acids  • They need to be fed protein directly  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 5 DBE/2016 SCE – Memorandum 2.5 Fodder flow planning 2.5.1 Calculate the: (a) Quantity of Fescue (t DM/Ha) • 210 t/year ÷ 15 Ha  = 14t DM/Ha  (2) (b) Ha planted with maize for silage • 100 t/year ÷ 10 t/Ha  = 10 Ha  (2) 2.5.2 Fodder crop best utilized for: (a) Summer grazing • Kikuyu (pasture)  (b) Succulent crop during the winter • Maize/silage/kikuyu/fescue/ryegrass (winter rain area)  (c) Most economic hay • Fescue  (3) [35] QUESTION 3:ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Behaviour of farm animals 3.1.1 Area indicated • C - Blind spot  • D - Balancing point  (2) 3.1.2 Position where the handler is safe Outside the flight zone/any area outside the circle/around A  (1) Reason In that position the handler is not a threat to the animal  (1) 3.1.3 THREE guidelines important when handling cattle • Have knowledge/understanding of their behaviour  • Correct handling techniques  • Correct handling facilities  • Animal behaviour must be anticipated  • Be careful/watchful/prepared when working with animals  • Work calmly and quiet/no noise/no whips/sticks/dogs  • Be aware of their flight/safety zone  (Any 3) (3) 3.2 Scenario on animal production systems 3.2.1 Farming systems practised • Farmer A - Commercial farming  (1) • Farmer B - Subsistence farming  (1) 3.2.2 Justification • Farmer A - Produces on a large scale/sells the produce for profit  (1) • Farmer B - Produce to sustain his family  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 6 DBE/2016 SCE – Memorandum 3.2.3 Farmer with the highest contribution to environmental decline/ deterioration (1) Farmer A  3.2.4 TWO environmental effects • Farmer A produces 1440 tons of manure per year  • Produce methane as a by-product or ruminant digestion  (2) 3.3 Apparatus used in sheep production process 3.3.1 Identification of apparatus Electrical hot knife/pliers  (1) 3.3.2 Function of apparatus in sheep Tail docking/castration  (1) 3.3.3 TWO reasons why apparatus is preferred • Easy to use/fast  • Cheap  • Bloodless method  • Hygienic method  (Any 2) (2) 3.3.4 Age at administering • Young as possible/before day 7 after birth  (1) Reason • Animals are easier to handle/smaller  • Less tissue damage/blood/stress to animals  (Any 1) (1) 3.3.5 ONE other apparatus that can be used • Knife/Scalpel  • Rubber/elastrator ring/castrator  • Burdizzo  (Any 1) (1) 3.4 Diseases in farm animals 3.4.1 Complete table A - Bacteria/Bacterium  B - Cattle/Sheep/Goat  C - Protozoa/Protozoan  D - Lumpy wool  (4) 3.4.2 Disease affecting only dairy cows Mastitis  (1) 3.4.3 A management practice used that will prevent red water • Inoculation/vaccination/immunisation  • Dipping to control ticks  • Move animals/veld management/rotational grazing/ burning of the veld  (Any 1) (1) 3.4.4 Farm animal susceptible to mastitis Lactating dairy cattle/cow/female animal  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 7 DBE/2016 SCE – Memorandum 3.5 Poisonous plants 3.5.1 Phrase describing plants Poisonous/toxic plants  (1) 3.5.2 Farm animal mainly affected by poison leaf Cattle  (1) 3.5.3 TWO other poisonous plants • Maize fungus  • Thorn apple  • Poisonous bulb  (2) 3.5.4 Sheep most susceptible for poisonous plants • Exotic breeds  • Young animals/lambs  • Old animals  • Pregnant animals  (Any 2) (2) 3.5.5 Protein substitute for ruminants Urea  (1) [35] QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1.1 Reproductive organs of a bull (a) B (1) (b) D (1) (c) A (1) 4.1.2 TWO congenital defects • Sperm defects  • Cryptorchidism  • Hypoplasia  (Any 2) (2) 4.1.3 TWO functions of the hormone secreted by part D • Development of the secondary sex characteristics  • Normal mating behaviour  • Functioning of the accessory glands  • Production of spermatozoa  • Maintenance of the male duct system  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 8 DBE/2016 SCE – Memorandum 4.2 Synchronisation 4.2.1 Identify process Synchronisation of oestrus  (1) 4.2.2 ONE hormone inducing the process • Prostaglandin  • Synthetic progesterone/Progestin/Oestradiol  • Co-Synch oestrus synchronization/GnRH  • MGA/Melengestrol acetate  (Any 1) (1) 4.2.3 Financial implication of synchronisation • High costs for labour/hormone treatments  • High management inputs/costs  (2) 4.3 Re-arranging the statements in sequential order 1. C  (1) 2. D  (1) 3. A  (1) 4. E  (1) 5. B  (1) 4.4 Difficulties giving birth 4.4.1 Scientific term Dystocia  (1) 4.4.2 THREE conditions that may interfere with normal parturition • Deviation of the head  • Flexion of the elbow  • Retention of the fore leg/legs  • Hydrocephalus  • Congenital defects/deformities  • Vaginal tear  • Twins/multiple births  • Premature/late birth  • Induction of parturition  • Posterior/abnormal presentation  • Incomplete cervical dilation  • Size of the calf  • Malnutrition of the cow  • Age of the female animal  (Any 3) (3) 4.4.3 Indigenous lubricant used by breeders in assisting delivery Animal fat/oil/soap  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 9 DBE/2016 SCE – Memorandum 4.5 Line graph 4.5.1 Line graph showing the percentage of fat and lactose The % of fat and lactose during certain weeks of the year 6 5 Fat and lactose (%) Fat 4 Lactose 3 2 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Weeks of the year Criteria/rubric/marking guidelines • Correct heading  • X-axis: correct calibrations and labelled (Weeks of the year)  • Y-axis: correct calibrations and labelled (Fat and lactose)  • Correct unit (%)  • Line graph  • Accuracy  (6) 4.5.2 Trend shown by the protein content of milk • Protein will increase from 3,0 to 4,2%  • With progression in weeks/from week 5 to 45  (2) 4.5.3 Constituents of the first milk • Immunoglobin/Antibodies  • Minerals/Calcium(Ca)/Phosphorus(P)  • Vitamins  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 10 DBE/2016 SCE – Memorandum 4.6 Semen 4.6.1 TWO semen dilutants • Buffers/sodium citrate  • Egg yolk  • Lipids/Skim milk  • Nutrients/Fructose  • Antibiotics/Penicillin/Streptomycin  • Glycerol  (Any 2) (2) 4.6.2 TWO functions of the dilutants • Control the pH  • Control the isotonic environment  • Protect spermatozoa against temperature changes/shocks  • Provide energy to spermatozoa/increase viability  • Protect sperm against bacterial growth  • Protect spermatozoa against the lethal effects of freezing  • Increase the volume of semen  (Any 2) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved