Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC November 2013 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 222288888/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 NOVEMBER 2013 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/November 2013 NSC – Memorandum SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 D  1.1.2 B  1.1.3 D  1.1.4 C  1.1.5 C  1.1.6 A  1.1.7 A  1.1.8 B  1.1.9 C  1.1.10 B  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 B only  1.2.2 B only  1.2.3 A only  1.2.4 None  1.2.5 A only  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Small intestine/jejunum/ileum/duodenum  1.3.2 Carbohydrates/fats/lipids/oils  1.3.3 Lobola  1.3.4 Ovulation  1.3.5 Quarantine  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Amino acids/peptides  1.4.2 Endothermic/homoeothermic/warm blooded  1.4.3 Indigenous  1.4.4 Feedlot  1.4.5 Blowflies  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 3 DBE/November 2013 NSC – Memorandum SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Digestive system of a farm animal 2.1.1 Labelled parts (a) D  (1) (b) G  (1) (c) C  (1) 2.1.2 THREE adaptations of part C for absorption. • It is a long thin tube that allows more nutrients to have contact with the walls and makes absorption easier  • It has numerous folds hence a large surface area and makes more absorption possible  • It has finger-like projections that enlarge the surface area for absorption  • Villi with blood vessels/micro villi allow for easier absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream  • Slow movement of food/muscle movement allows for more contact time with nutrients that will be absorbed  • The presence of a single layer of columnar epithelial cells makes it (3) easier for rapid absorption of nutrients  (Any 3) 2.1.3 Absorption of fat molecules • The fat molecules are broken up into fatty acids and glycerol/ enzyme lipase breaks up fat molecules into simpler and soluble substances • Short chain fatty acids/ simpler soluble substances are directly absorbed  • Passive absorption into the blood capillaries through diffusion • Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed into the lacteal / lymph vessel  • Long chain fatty acids are actively absorbed through carrier molecules  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 4 DBE/November 2013 NSC – Memorandum 2.2 Digestibility of feed 2.2.1 Digestibility co-efficient DC = DM intake (kg) – DM of manure (kg) x 100  DM intake(kg) = 8.8 kg – 2.7 kg x 100  8.8 kg  Or = 6.1 x 100  8.8 kg  Or One mark for evidence of substitution of values into the formula One mark for evidence of simplification of values And = 69,32 Or 69  %  (5) 2.2.2 Implication of the value obtained in QUESTION 2.2.1 • 69,32 or 69% of the feed  • was digested and absorbed  Or • 30,68 or 31% of the feed  • was not digested and absorbed but excreted  (Any 2) (2) 2.3 Balancing rations 2.3.1 Feed A (Maize): 9 20  18  Feed B: (OCM) (Oil cake meal) 38 9 Mix 20 parts of Feed A (Maize) with 9 parts of Feed B (OCM) Or 20:9  (4) 2.3.2 Percentage of maize 20 + 9 = 29  = 20 x 100  29 = 68,97 Or 69%  (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 5 DBE/November 2013 NSC – Memorandum 2.4 Nutrient deficiencies 2.4.1 Phosphorus/P  (1) 2.4.2 Iron/Fe  (1) 2.4.3 Iodine/I  (1) 2.5 Comparing feeds 2.5.1 Nutritive ratio Feed A: TDN = 8 + 50 + 22 = 80%  Or DNNE =50 +22 = 72% NR = 1: TDN-DP Or 1:DNNE’s  DP DP NR = 1: 80 – 8  Or 1:72  8 8 NR = 1: 9  ( 4) 2.5.2 Feed for fattening animals with reason • Feed A  (1) Reason • NR is wide/(1:9)  • Higher ratio of carbohydrates to protein  • As carbohydrates are necessary for fattening  (Any 2) (2) 2.5.3 Feed suited for young growing animals • Feed B  (1) Reason • NR is narrow/(1:5)  • Higher ratio protein to carbohydrates  • As protein is necessary for growth  (Any 2) (2) [35] QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION 3.1 Animal behaviour 3.1.1 E  (1) 3.1.2 • D  • C (Any 1) (1) 3.1.3 • B  • E (Any 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 6 DBE/November 2013 NSC – Memorandum 3.1.4 • A (1) 3.1.5 • B (1) 3.2 Temperature requirements 3.2.1 Heat production • Dairy cows/cattle.  (1) Reason • It has a value of 2500 kJ/h which is more than the others.  • Millions/many micro-organisms in the stomach that produce heat through fermentation. (Any 1) (1) 3.2.2 Reasons for intensive chicken production • Heat production is the lowest  • Optimal temperature is the highest  • Lower critical temperature is the highest  • Close range between critical and optimal temperature  • Air movement to prevent respirational problems  • Temperature control to prevent diseases  (Any 2) (2) 3.2.3 Definition of optimal temperature • Ideal/best/most comfortable/most suitable /most favourable environmental temperature • The animal does not need to use its own energy to control body temperature/allows for the most cost effective production output/and conducive for production  (2) 3.2.4 Reason for keeping pigs in an enclosed environment in winter • Have a higher lower critical temperature compared to cows  • And will need a warmer environment to survive/to produce  • As they have a lower ability to produce heat  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 7 DBE/November 2013 NSC – Memorandum 3.3 Adaptation of Mbuzi goat to harsh conditions 3.3.1 (a) Environmental conditions • Pigmentation of the skin • protects it from radiation  or • Legs adapted • to steeper slopes/to reach nutritious vegetation  or • Horns • to protect from predators  or • Good motherly instincts • supply it’s young with regular nutrition (sucking of milk) (2) (b) Pest and diseases • Nutritious shrubs and bushes  • makes it strong and more resistant to infections  or • Not susceptible to worm/internal parasites • due to adaptability to local condition  or • Indigenous breed which has been exposed to local conditions including pests and diseases • That is naturally selected to be resistant  (2) 3.3.2 Management practices • Dipping/pest control  • Injection/Vaccination  • Counting  • Dosing/Deworming  • Weaning/Kidding  • Tagging/marking/identification  • Castration  • Weighting  • Age determination  • Artificial Insemination/AI  • Hoof trimming (Any 3) (3) 3.4 Feed utilisation and conversion 3.4.1 Calculation of feed for Animal A and B Quantity of feed for Animal A: 48 kg – 6 kg= 42 kg Quantity of feed for Animal B: 56 kg – 6kg = 50kg  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 8 DBE/November 2013 NSC – Memorandum 3.4.2 Animal that used the ration more effectively • Animal B  (1) Reason • Higher production in proportion to feed ingested  • Animal A : 42kg of feed to produce 12 litres of milk/3.5kg per litre Animal B : 50kg of feed to produce 43 litres of milk/ 1,2kg per litre  • Better conversion rate  • Better genetic material  (Any 2) (2) 3.5 Broiler production unit 3.5.1 Equipment to be used (each equipment should be used once) (a) Insulation material on the roof/foldable walls  (1) (b) Electric heaters/foldable walls  (1) (c) Fans on the roof and walls/ foldable walls  (1) (d) Foot bath at all entrances  (1) 3.5.2 Characteristics of an intensive animal production • It is highly hygienic  • Protection against extreme environmental conditions/shelter is provided  • Regulation of optimal temperature for production  • Fixed/regular supply of feed and water  • Kept at high density/lots of animals in a small space  • Capital intensive/expensive with high tech equipment/mechanized  (Any 4) (4) 3.5.3 Possible health risks • Disease  • The outbreak of an infectious disease may be transmitted quickly amongst poultry  (2) [35] QUE/STION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 4.1 Pregnancy testing 4.1.1 Labelled parts A - Caruncles/uterus wall/placenta  B - Uterus/womb  C – Cervix  (3) 4.1.2 TWO advantages of early pregnancy testing • For proper feeding  • For proper management of diseases and parasites  • For proper management of breeding cycles/records/calving date  (Any 2) (2) 4.1.3 Role of the mucus plug • Protects animal  • Against external diseases and infections  (2) 4.1.4 Conditions that could occur (a) Maceration (1) (b) Mummification (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 9 DBE/November 2013 NSC – Memorandum 4.1.5 Condition and TWO possible causes for the termination of pregnancy • Abortion/miscarriage  (1) Reason • Diseases  • Injuries/maltreatment  • Infection  • Laxatives/wrong medication  • Toxins/poisons  • Fever reaction  • Malnutrition  • Stress  • Hormonal imbalances  (Any 2) (2) 4.2 Structures in reproduction 4.2.1 Names represented by letters A - Ovary  B - Graafian follicle E - Infundibulum (3) 4.2.2 Hormones (a) Follicle stimulating hormone/FSH  (1) (b) Oestrogen/LH (Luteinising hormone)  (1) (c) Oestrogen  (1) (d) Progesterone  (1) 4.2.3 Adaptability of infundibulum • Contains hair-like structures/cilia  • for movement of the ova  Or • Wider at the edge/bell shaped/ funnel shape  • adapted for holding/capturing the ova  (2) 4.3 Indigenous methods of controlling diseases 4.3.1 Herbs/concoctions/mixtures  (1) 4.3.2 TWO most common methods • Gall smearing  • Self diagnosis  (2) 4.3.3 Ways in which bush burning control the ticks • Destroy eggs/larva/nymph  • Kills adult ticks  • Host in the life cycle for 2 and 3 host ticks is killed  (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 10 DBE/November 2013 NSC – Memorandum 4.3.4 Bar graph on indigenous control methods The frequency of using indigenous methods to control diseases 80 70 Frequency of use 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Hygiene Gall Herbs Self Bush Herd Local smearing diagnosis burning isolation mixtures Indigenous control methods Marking graph with the following checklist: Criteria Yes: 1 Mark No: 0 Mark 1. Bar graph 1 2. X axis labelled 1 3. Y axis labelled 1 4. Points are plotted correctly 1 5. Correct heading 1 6. Correct subheadings for X- axis 1 (6) 4.3.5 THREE measures to restrict infectious diseases • Vaccination/inoculation  • Injections  • Bio-security/sanitation/proper handling of manure  • Sufficient space/ good ventilation  • Isolation/quarantine/separation  • Controlling pests and parasites / dipping/ dosing • Good nutrition and supplements  • Breeding of resistant animals  (Any 3) (3) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved