Agricultural Sciences Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC November 2020 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SENIOR CERTIFICATE/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1 NOVEMBER 2020 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 11 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 2 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C  1.1.2 B  1.1.3 A  1.1.4 D  1.1.5 A  1.1.6 C  1.1.7 B  1.1.8 C  1.1.9 C/D  1.1.10 B  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 Both A and B  1.2.2 None  1.2.3 A only  1.2.4 B only  1.2.5 Both A and B  (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Digestibility co-efficiency  1.3.2 Dosing/drenching  1.3.3 Artificial Insemination/AI  1.3.4 Sterility  1.3.5 Progesterone  (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Sublingual  1.4.2 Free range  1.4.3 Hypoplasia  1.4.4 Prostate  1.4.5 Flushing/harvesting  (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 3 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION 2.1 Alimentary canal 2.1.1 Naming of the animal in DIAGRAM 1 - Chicken/fowl/poultry  (1) DIAGRAM 2 - Cattle/sheep/goats  (1) 2.1.2 Identification of the letters (a) B (1) (b) C (1) (c) A (1) 2.1.3 TWO adaptations of the rumen to digest feed rich in fibre  Presence of micro-organisms/rumen micro-flora   Presence of papillae/heat rods for the provision of heat   Contractions mix the food and bring it onto contact with micro- organisms   It has a large fermentation vessel  (Any 2) (2) 2.2 Components of feed 2.2.1 Identification of the components A - Minerals/elements  (1) B - Proteins  (1) 2.2.2 TWO ways of supplementing minerals to animals  Mineral lick   Drinking water/mixing it with water   Soil sods   Dosing/drenching   Injection   Cafeteria- style mineral provision/free -choice   Supplementing rations  (Any 2) (2) 2.2.3 Indication of the component (a) Proteins/B  (1) (b) Carbohydrates  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 4 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3 Digestibility co-efficiency 2.3.1 Calculation of the digestibility co-efficiency DC = Dry matter intake (kg) – dry mass manure (kg) x 100  Dry matter intake (kg) 1 Moisture content in feed: 15 kg x 10 = 1,5 kg 100 Dry material in feed: 15 kg – 1,5 kg = 13,5 kg  OR 90 x 15 kg = 13,5 kg  100 = 13,5 kg – 3,5 kg x 100  13,5 kg 1 = 74,07  %  (5) 2.3.2 Implication of the calculated value  The feed was highly digested   74,07% of feed is digested   25,93% is excreted  (Any 1) (1) 2.3.3 TWO factors contributed to the digestibility of the feed used during the trial  Composition of the feed/ration   Preparation of the feed/ration   Individuality/animal factor   Type of the animal   Age of the animal   Feed additives/supplements NPN/molasses   Palatability of the feed   Water intake   Age of the plant   Level of feeding  (Any 2) (2) 2.4 Energy value of feeds 2.4.1 Energy important for production and maintenance Net energy/NE  (1) 2.4.2 TWO reasons for knowledge of the energy value of the feed  To determine the type of animal diet   To determine feeding standards   Meet animal requirements at different stages of production   To determine ration formulation  (Any 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 5 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5 Nutritive ratio 2.5.1 Calculation of the nutritive ratio (NR) Nutritive Ratio = 1 : %DNNE  %DP 1 : 62  13 1 : 4,77  OR Nutritive Ratio = 1 : %TDN – %DP  %DP 1 : 75% – 13%  13% 1 : 4,77  (3) 2.5.2 Indication of the age group that will benefit most from the feed Young/growing/producing animal  (1) 2.5.3 TWO reasons for using the feed to feed young animals  Ration has a narrow nutritive ratio/less than 1:6   Has more protein needed by growing animals   Low crude fibre content  (Any 2) (2) 2.6 Planning and managing of the feed 2.6.1 Appropriate term Feed/fodder flow programme  (1) 2.6.2 TWO importance of planning fodder production  To ensure safe use of resources   To meet the animal feed requirements throughout the year   To marginalise feed costs   To manage for production/animal feed  (Any 2) (2) 2.6.3 TWO aspects to be considered when planning fodder production  The number of livestock   Nutrient content of the feed   Possible feeds available   Requirements of the herd   Cost of buying the feed   Timing of production season   Carrying capacity of the veld  (Any 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 6 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL 3.1 Temperature requirements for broiler chickens 3.1.1 Bar graph Temperature requirements for broilers at various ages 40 Temperature requirements (0C) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Age (weeks) CRITERIA/RUBRIC/MARKING GUIDELINES  Correct heading   X-axis: Correctly calibrated with label (Age in weeks)   Y-axis: Correctly calibrated with label (Temperature)   Correct units (weeks and oC)   Bar graph   Accuracy  (6) 3.1.2 Trend of temperature requirement for broiler chickens  Temperature requirement of broiler chickens decreases  with increase in age   The younger the chickens  the higher the temperature requirements   The older the chickens  the lower the temperature requirements  (Any 1) (2) 3.1.3 Equipment to maintain temperature in a broiler house Heaters/air conditioners/fans/infra-red lamps/curtains/insulators  (1) 3.2 Indication of the animals showing the behaviour 3.2.1 Cattle  (1) 3.2.2 Sheep  (1) 3.2.3 Pigs  (1) 3.2.4 Chickens/poultry/birds  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 7 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.3 Farming systems 3.3.1 Identification of the farming system PICTURE A - Commercial  (1) PICTURE B - Subsistence  (1) 3.3.2 Comparison of the farming systems  Commercial farming system - High environmental pollution due to heavy use of chemicals/release gases like methane  (1)  Subsistence farming system - Low environmental pollution due to low animal density/less use of chemicals  (1) 3.4 Parasites 3.4.1 Classification of diseases according to pathogens  Bacterial  (1)  Viral  (1) 3.4.2 Meaning of zoonotic diseases Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans  and humans to animals  (2) 3.4.3 Reason for swine flu to be enzootic Affects specific animals in a particular region  (1) 3.4.4 TWO roles of the state in controlling notifiable diseases  Implementation of legislation   Creation of buffer zones for testing and vaccination of clean stock before movement   Establish quarantine zones/isolation   Research   Prevent stock movement   Deployment of state veterinarians for testing and vaccination   Removal/culling of infected stock   Public awareness   Import/export bans  (Any 2) (2) 3.5 Internal parasites 3.5.1 Identification of the internal parasites  Parasite A - Round worm/nematodes  (1)  Parasite B - Tape/flat worm/cestodes  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 8 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.5.2 TWO visible symptoms in sheep infested with roundworm  Diarrhoea   Whitish mucus membranes in the inside of the eyelids   Anaemia   Weight loss   Rough coat   Loss of appetite   Bottle jaw   Rapid breathing   Coughing   Bloated stomach   Wasting diseases   Pneumonia  (Any 2) (2) 3.5.3 TWO management practices to manage heavy infestation of a flock by internal parasites  Resting, rotational grazing of camps   Avoid wet grazing areas   Feed animal well   Clean drinking water/sanitation   Veld burning   Fencing off infected areas   Use feeders to avoid contamination of food/zero grazing   Hygienic measures   Breeding animals that are more resistant   Good health programme (deworming/dosing)  (Any 2) (2) 3.6 Plant poisoning 3.6.1 Identification of the poison Maize fungus  (1) 3.6.2 TWO measures to prevent fungus contamination of stored feeds  Store feeds in a dry cool place/avoid wet areas   Improved ventilation   Continuously checking the place for leaks/dampness where feed is stored  Clean the sheds  (Any 2) (2) 3.6.3 TWO actions to be taken once the presence of maize fungus is detected in feeds  Remove and dispose of the feed contaminated with fungus   Clean off the space and give animals fresh feed   Use fungicides to prevent fungal growth  (Any 2) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 9 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION 4.1 Reproductive system of a bull 4.1.1 Identification of parts A Testes/scrotum  (1) B Penis/urethra  (1) C Vas deferens/seminal tube/ductus deferens/sperm duct  (1) 4.1.2 ONE function of testes  Secretion of hormone testosterone/male sex hormone   Production of sperm cells/male sex cells  (Any 1) (1) OR ONE function of the scrotum  Protects the testis   Regulates temperature of the testis  (Any 1) (1) 4.1.3 Role of seminal vesicles  Secrete fluid that transports the spermatozoa   Protect the semen against pH changes   Provide energy for sperm cells  (Any 1) (1) 4.2 Lack of libido in bulls 4.2.1 Term for the condition Lack of libido  (1) 4.2.2 THREE causes of lack of libido  Immaturity/lack of experience   Overwork/exhaustion/over exertion   Malnutrition   Poor health/diseases/low testosterone   Change in environment   Stress   Temperament   Age/senility  (Any 3) (3) 4.3 Process of artificial insemination (AI) 4.3.1 Identification of the hours after oestrus to get the highest pregnancy rate 10 to 13 hours after onset of oestrus  (1) 4.3.2 A reason why the cow would allow insemination between the first hour and 12 hours after the start of oestrus The cow will be receptive to the bull/it will be on heat/in oestrus  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 10 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.3.3 TWO visible signs the cow will show when in oestrus  Allows mating/insemination   Mucus strings from the vulva   Swollen and red vulva   Mounts others   Hair on the back/rump are fluffed up   Mud patches on her back   Bellowing noises   Cows are excited/restless   Frequent urination   Sniffs the genitals of other cows   Raises their heads and curls her lips   Decrease in milk production  (Any 2) (2) 4.3.4 ONE reason to inseminate hours before ovulation  Ovum has a shorter lifespan than a sperm cell   Ovum needs to arrive when sperm cells are already waiting for fertilisation  (Any 1) (1) 4.3.5 ONE requirement for a successful insemination  Use of healthy/viable semen   Technique performed by a skilled/experienced technician   Insemination at the correct stage of oestrus   Use the correct sterilised equipment  (Any 1) (1) 4.4 Fertilisation 4.4.1 Labels A Egg cell/ovum/female gamete  (1) B Sperm cell/spermatozoon/male gamete  (1) C Zygote/fertilized egg cell  (1) 4.4.2 Name of the process represented by the illustration Fertilisation  (1) 4.5 Pregnancy 4.5.1 Identification of the process Pregnancy/gestation  (1) 4.5.2 THREE stages of the process  Ovum/stage of ovum  (1)  Embryo/embryonic stage/stage of embryo  (1)  Foetal/stage of foetus  (1) 4.5.3 Indication of the normal presentation of the calf Anterior  (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Agricultural Sciences/P1 11 DBE/November 2020 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.6 Parturition 4.6.1 The condition experienced by heifers calving for the first time Dystocia  (1) 4.6.2 TWO signs of an animal experiencing birth problems  Show signs of prolonged distress/excessive pain and discomfort   Foetus/after birth showing in birth canal without expulsion   Prolonged birth process   Exhaustion  (Any 2) (2) 4.6.3 ONE cause of problems during birth in heifers  Large foetus/small sized heifer   Small pelvic area   Inexperience   Incorrect presentation   Malformed foetus   Cervix not dilated   Twisted uterus   Weak labour   Diseases   Twinning/multiple birth   Hydrocephalus   Weak muscle contraction   Prolong gestation   Vaginal tear  (Any 1) (1) 4.6.4 Hormone that initiates milk release Oxytocin  (1) 4.6.5 First milk produced in the first 3 days after calving Colostrum/beestings  (1) 4.7 Embryo transfer 4.7.1 Process in the scenario Embryo transfer/ER  (1) 4.7.2 Main importance of embryo transfer Creation of multiple offspring  with the desirable characteristics of superior parents  (2) 4.7.3 Explanation of a donor cow Production of superior ova  for implantation to inferior cows  (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved