English FAL Level 2 Module 11

English: First Additional Language NQF 2 Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Read and listen for enjoyment Module 11 Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Overview • Short stories • Key features o Plot o Background o Setting o Theme o Characters Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Overview (continued) • Express appreciation of story and story-telling techniques • Read and listen for enjoyment • Writing techniques and stylistic devices • Simile • Metaphor • Personification • Irony • Allusion Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Words, words, words! • Literature • Fiction • Non-fiction Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Reading is good for you! Fact 1 Reading makes you a better conversationalist. The neighbours will not complain that you are Fact 2 reading loudly! Knowledge by osmosis does not exist so you’d Fact 3 better read! Fact 4 Books can save your life! Fact 5 Dinosaurs didn’t read and they became extinct! Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Characteristics of a good short story Believable characters Realistic setting and background Universal theme Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Key features of a short story Plot • is a series of events • are the things that happen to the characters. Background • describes the world a character lives in • could concentrate on a particular type of family, social position or culture • could be the historical, geographical or political situation in which a character lives . Setting • is the time and place in which the story happens • answers the question when and where the action takes place. Characters • are the people in the story • a short story only has a few characters • characters come to life by what they say, do and think and by what other characters say about them or think of them. Theme • is the main idea, message or belief in the short story – some examples of common themes are: fear of failure, forbidden love, jealousy, greed, the dangers of loneliness, childhood memories. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Diagram 1 : Key features of a short story English FAL NQF Level 2

Learning activity 11.1 Module 11 See how well you understand this section. Complete Learning activity 11.1 on page 164 of the Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Structure of a short story BEGINNING Every story has a beginning. This is where the writer introduces the reader to the characters, the background and the setting. The writer hints at the big problem that the main character faces. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Diagram 2 : The structure of a short story English FAL NQF Level 2

Structure of a short story The middle of the story explains the problem facing the main character The problem the main character faces can take different forms. It could be an argument or disagreement between: • the main character and a family member, employer, friend or colleague • a powerful person or animal or the forces of nature threatening to harm the main character or characters • the main character and his or her own conscience, to decide on what would be the correct moral action or decision to take. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Diagram 2 : The structure of a short story English FAL NQF Level 2

Structure of a short story THE HIGH POINT OF THE STORY This is where the danger, threat, shame or sadness that is facing the main character is at its worst. This is the darkest moment. At this point it looks as if the character will fail. Perhaps he, or someone close to him, will die. Or, maybe everyone will know his darkest secrets. After the high point, the story slowly begins to wind down. Here, the reader learns what the result is of the actions the main character has taken, or the decisions he or she has made. The writer leads the reader to the end of the story. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Diagram 2 : The structure of a short story English FAL NQF Level 2

Structure of a short story ENDING This is the final part of the story where any unfinished explanations are brought together and explained or answered. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Diagram 2 : The structure of a short story English FAL NQF Level 2

Structure of a short story The middle of the story explains the problem facing the main character THE HIGH POINT OF THE STORY The problem the main character faces can take This is where the danger, threat, shame or different forms. It could be an argument or sadness that is facing the main character is at its disagreement between: worst. This is the darkest moment. At this point • the main character and a family member, it looks as if the character will fail. Perhaps he, or employer, friend or colleague someone close to him, will die. Or, maybe everyone will know his darkest secrets. After the • a powerful person or animal or the forces of high point, the story slowly begins to wind down. nature threatening to harm the main character or characters Here, the reader learns what the result is of the actions the main character has taken, or the • the main character and his or her own decisions he or she has made. The writer leads conscience, to decide on what would be the correct moral action or decision to take. the reader to the end of the story. BEGINNING ENDING Every story has a beginning. This is This is the final part of the story where the writer introduces the where any unfinished explanations reader to the characters, the are brought together and explained background and the setting. The or answered. writer hints at the big problem that the main character faces. Downloaded from hlayiso.com Diagram 2 : The structure of a short story English FAL NQF Level 2

Learning activity 11.2 Module 11 See how well you understand this section. Complete Learning activity 11.2 on page 165 of the Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Writing Techniques and Stylistic Devices: Figures of speech Simile Metaphor Personification Irony Allusion Idioms and proverbs Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Simile A simile is a direct comparison that uses ‘like’ or ‘as’. The writer compares two things that are not the same to make the reader see these objects with fresh eyes. The moon looks like a balloon tonight, it is so bright and so round. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Metaphor A metaphor is an indirect comparison. It compares two things that are not the same but finds something between them that is similar. When Lucy’s children are in trouble, she is a lion. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Personification Personification is an indirect comparison where something that does not have life is given human qualities. The wind was sobbing and moaning the whole night. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Irony Irony says something but means the opposite to draw attention to or make fun of something. “You are such a brave boy!” the girl teased as her boyfriend ran away from the large spider. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Allusion Allusion is when a writer talks about someone or something famous or well-known and assumes that the reader knows who or what it is and can understand why he is referring to it. He stood as still as Lot’s wife. This is a biblical allusion in a simile. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Idioms and proverbs Idioms and proverbs are examples of language used to create an effect because they have been used so often that they have become part of everyday speech. ‘To be in a tight corner’ means to be in serious trouble. ‘To bite the dust’ means to give up because you have failed. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Learning activity 11.3 Module 11 See how well you understand this section. Complete Learning activity 11.3 on page 166 of the Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Learning activity 11.4 Module 11 See how well you understand this section. Complete Learning activity 11.4 on page 167 of the Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Listen to and appreciate a short story Learning activity 11.5 Module 11 See how well you understand this section. Complete Learning activity 11.5 on page 168 of the Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Read and appreciate a short story Learning activity 11.6 Module 11 See how well you understand this section. Complete Learning activity 11.6 on page 170 of the Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Read and enjoy a short story Learning activity 11.7 Module 11 See how well you understand this section. Complete Learning activity 11.7 on page 174 of the Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Literature assignment: Short story Learning activity 11.8 Module 11 See how well you understand this section. Complete Learning activity 11.8 on page 178 of the Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Summary of Module 11 Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

Formative assessment Module 11 Test your knowledge of Module 11 by completing the Formative assessment on page 180 of your Student’s Book. Downloaded from hlayiso.com English FAL NQF Level 2

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