Geography Grade 12 IEB Paper 2 2016 Question Paper

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2016 GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II EXAMINATION NUMBER Time: 1½ hours 100 marks PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. Write your examination number in the blocks provided above. 2. This question paper consists of 15 pages, a topographic map and an aerial photograph. Please check that your paper is complete. 3. Read the questions carefully. 4. Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper. 5. Carefully study the composite* 1:50 000 topographic map extract 3025 BD and DB; 3026 AC and CA BETHULIE and the accompanying 1:10 000 Bethulie aerial photograph before answering the questions. 6. The topographic map has grid lines with markings A to I and 1 to 11 that may be used to identify locations according to blocks. 7. The topographic map extract, aerial photograph and your completed answer book must be handed to the invigilator at the end of the examination. The maps and aerial photographs may be retained by the school for future use. 8. On page 2 there is a glossary of words. This will help you understand what the words in bold in the questions are asking you to do. There is also an English-Afrikaans translation of some words appearing on the map. 9. A magnifying glass and calculator may be used. 10. It is in your own interest to write legibly and to present your work neatly. 11. You may use the back page for rough work. No marks will be allocated to rough work. *composite – the map is made up of sections of four map sheets that have been merged together. FOR MARKER'S USE ONLY Question 1 2 3 4 Total Marks 41 24 21 14 100 Obtained IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 2 of 15 Glossary of terms WORD MEANING Account for To justify, and provide reasons for something using a short explanation. Calculate To work out the value of something using a mathematical method. Classify To arrange in categories or groups according to shared qualities. Create To produce or form something out of nothing, to design, to make. Design To explain step-by-step a process or plan of action. Determine To discover as a result of investigation; to come to a decision or resolution. Draw To show by means of a sketch/ illustration. Explain To describe something so that it can be understood. Identify To give the details or characteristics of something. Label To mark a diagram or sketch with information. Order To arrange according to a specific method or sequence. Provide To give. Shade To colour in; to fill in using colour or patterns. Substantiate To support an answer with proof or evidence. Suggest To put forward ideas or reasons. Verify To prove that something is true. Translation of words English to Afrikaans Brickworks Baksteenfabriek Mission Station Sendinghuis Bridge Brug Mountain Berg Concentration Camp Konsentrasiekamp Nature Reserve Natuurreservaat Memorial Garden Gedenktuin Old rail routes Gewese spoorwegroetes Diggings Delwerye Power Station Kragstasie Farm Plaas Ridge Rant Fountain/ spring Fontein River Rivier Furrow Kanaal of voor Road Pad Golf course Gholfbaan Route Roete Hill Kop/ koppie Sewerage works Rioolwerke Marsh, swamp or Vlei, moeras of Stream Spruit wetland vleiland Water gap Poort Memorial Gedenkteken Waterworks Waterwerke Midpoint Middelpunt IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 3 of 15 Location map: Location of Bethulie in South Africa Bethulie, a small sheep and cattle farming town, lies approximately in the centre of South Africa, in the southern Free State. The town is located on the northern banks of the Gariep Dam. Bethulie must hold the record for changing its name in South Africa, for example, Caledon, Bethulie Verheullpolis and Heidelberg. The Gariep Dam was built in 1970. The dam A wall is 88 m high. This is the largest storage reservoir in the country and it generates B 360 MW of hydroelectricity. About 7 km from the town, an imposing arched, combined road and rail bridge (known as the Hennie Steyn Bridge F7, G7) spans the Gariep Dam. It is the longest road-rail bridge in southern Africa. [Source: <www.bethulie.za.net>] QUESTION 1 ATLAS USE, MAP ORIENTATION AND TECHNIQUES 1.1 Refer to the location map above, as well as the composite 1:50 000 topographic map extract 3025 BD and DB; 3026 AC and CA BETHULIE, to answer the following questions. Tick the correct box. 1.1.1 The neighbouring country labelled A on the location map above is … Botswana Lesotho Namibia Swaziland (1) 1.1.2 The province labelled B on the location map above is … Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng North West (1) 1.1.3 A constructed feature in the settlement of Bethulie is found at 30° 29' 47" S and 25° 58' 26" E. The … is located at this point. Cemetery Dutch Reformed Church (DR Church) Police Station School (2) IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 4 of 15 1.1.4 The approximate true bearing of trigonometrical station 6 (C1) Krugerskop from the Louw Wepener Memorial (A2/B2) is … 33° 57° 148° 212° (2) 1.1.5 A number of features (A to D) have been labelled on the composite 1:50 000 topographic map extract 3025 BD and DB; 3026 AC and CA BETHULIE. Identify each of these features. A B C D (4) 1.1.6 There are old rail routes indicated in E3, G5 and H6. Explain why the old railway line had to be rerouted. (2) IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 5 of 15 1.2 Geographic techniques Refer to the composite 1:50 000 topographic map extract 3025 BD and DB; 3026 AC and CA BETHULIE to answer the following questions. 1.2.1 Study the topographic map grid from which the composite map originates. Shade in the FOUR blocks below that represent the sheets which the composite 1:50 000 topographic map extract 3025 BD and DB; 3026 AC and CA BETHULIE is made up of. (4) 1.2.2 (a) In which general direction is the water flowing beneath the Hennie Steyn Bridge (F7, G7)? Tick the correct answer. Easterly Northerly Southerly Westerly (2) (b) Substantiate your answer in Question 1.2.2 (a) by using ONE piece of map evidence. (2) IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 6 of 15 1.2.3 (a) The length of the Hennie Steyn Bridge (F7, G7) is … km. Tick the correct answer. (Hint: measure the bridge from bank to bank.) 0,10 km 1,00 km 2,00 km 4,00 km (2) (b) The altitude of the Hennie Steyn Bridge is m. (1) 1.2.4 Cross section (a) Draw a cross section from trigonometric station 6 (C1) to spot height 1395 (C5). Use a vertical interval of 1 cm = 100 m. (5) (b) Fill in and label the position of the following on the cross section: • secondary road • railway line • Bethulie Dam (3) (c) Determine the vertical scale of the cross section as a representative fraction. 1: (2) IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 7 of 15 (d) Calculate the vertical exaggeration for the cross section on page 6. times Calculations: (4) 1.2.5 Gradient Refer to the composite 1:50 000 topographic map extract 3025 BD and DB; 3026 AC and CA BETHULIE. Calculate the average gradient from trigonometrical station 6 (C1) to point Y (C2), located at the diggings. (a) Difference in height: m (1) (b) Distance between the two points: m (1) (c) Gradient: 1: Calculations: (2) [41] Q1 subtotal IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 8 of 15 QUESTION 2 CLIMATE AND DRAINAGE, GIS APPLICATION 2.1 Refer to the Fact File on the climate of Bethulie. FACT FILE – Climate of Bethulie Bethulie is located in the summer rainfall region and experiences a below average rainfall of 481 mm per annum. These parts of the southern Free State experience large temperature variations between day and night time. The average summer temperature is 22,7 °C (January) and the average winter temperature is 8,3 °C (July). [Source: <www.en.climate-data.org>] 2.1.1 Suggest why there are many non-perennial rivers in the areas surrounding Bethulie. (2) 2.1.2 Calculate the seasonal range (°C) in the annual average temperature for Bethulie. °C (2) 2.2 Drainage of the area 2.2.1 Refer to Figure 1 below as well as the composite 1:50 000 topographic map extract 3025 BD and DB; 3026 AC and CA BETHULIE. A small drainage basin has been redrawn in Figure 1, found on the map in blocks G8–9 and H7–8. The river flows into the Gariep Dam at point P (G9). Note the drawing has been enlarged and the streams are shown by means of solid lines. Figure 1: Small drainage basin redrawn from the Bethulie map N (a) Identify the dominant drainage pattern in Figure 1. (2) IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 9 of 15 (b) Draw in and label the drainage basin boundary in Figure 1 (page 8). (2) (c) Order the streams in the drainage basin (on Figure 1, up to the point P where the main stream flows into the Gariep Dam). Complete Table 1 to show the stream order and the number of tributaries of each order. Table 1: Stream ordering Stream order Number of tributaries (3) (d) The drainage density of this river system is … (as shown in Figure 1, page 8). low medium coarse very high (2) 2.2.2 The owners of the farm Clifton Vale (G11, H10–11 and I10) have managed the drainage basin and catchment area on their farm efficiently. Verify this statement by providing TWO pieces of map evidence. • __________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________ (4) IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 10 of 15 2.3 Refer to Figure 2 below, which shows the outline of Bethulie Dam (C3, C4 and D4). Figure 2 is drawn to scale. Photograph 1 shows a view across the dam. Refer to the composite 1:50 000 topographic map extract 3025 BD and DB; 3026 AC and CA BETHULIE. Figure 2: Bethulie Dam Photograph 1: Bethulie Dam N [Source: Examiner] The Bethulie Dam provides the town with its water supply. As the population of the town has grown considerably, the municipality is looking at increasing the storage capacity of this dam. A GIS company has been tasked to investigate the impacts of raising the dam wall to increase its storage capacity. 2.3.1 Create a 0,5 cm buffer zone around the dam on Figure 2. Label the buffer zone. (3) 2.3.2 (a) Identify TWO facilities/ activities that will be affected by the raising of the dam wall. • • ____________________________________________________ (2) (b) Explain how these facilities/ activities will be affected. (2) [24] Q2 subtotal IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 11 of 15 QUESTION 3 PHOTOGRAPH ANALYSIS, RURAL AND URBAN LAND-USE Refer to the composite 1:50 000 topographic map extract 3025 BD and DB; 3026 AC and CA BETHULIE and the accompanying 1:10 000 aerial photograph. The area shown in the aerial photograph is marked by a red block on the topographic map extract. 3.1 FOUR constructed features (E to H) have been labelled on the accompanying 1:10 000 aerial photograph. Identify these features. E F G H (4) 3.2 3.2.1 The aerial photograph was taken at approximately … (Tick the correct option/ time.) 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 (1) 3.2.2 Provide ONE reason for your answer in Question 3.2.1. (2) IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 12 of 15 3.3 Small agricultural holdings are a typical feature on the outskirts of South African towns, for example to the east of Bethulie. 3.3.1 In which land-use zone are the small holdings located? (2) 3.3.2 Apart from the small holdings, other activities take place on the land-use zone named in Question 3.3.1 above. Identify THREE such activities and provide the alphanumeric block reference. (Refer to the topographic map extract.) Note: focus on the areas west and south west of the town. Activity occurring in zone named in Alphanumeric block reference of Question 3.3.1 the activity (e.g. D2) (6) 3.4 Fluvial features Refer to the 1:10 000 aerial photograph. 3.4.1 Identify the fluvial feature labelled I. (2) 3.4.2 Explain how you would typically identify a river course on an aerial photograph. (2) 3.4.3 Provide evidence to suggest that the Bethulie Dam is filled close to capacity when the photo was taken. (2) [21] Q3 subtotal IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 13 of 15 QUESTION 4 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Refer to the composite 1:50 000 topographic map extract 3025 BD and DB; 3026 AC and CA BETHULIE to answer the following questions. 4.1 4.1.1 Classify the type of economic activity that is taking place at the brickworks (D3). (2) 4.1.2 Account for the location of the sewerage works in F3. (2) 4.2 Many small towns have had to reinvent themselves to become more economically sustainable and to reverse the process of rural depopulation. Design a strategy to prevent rural depopulation from taking place and to make the Bethulie area more economically sustainable. Use map evidence in your strategic planning. Present your answer as a mind map on page 14. IEB Copyright © 2016 PLEASE TURN OVER

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 14 of 15 MIND MAP (Question 4.2) Strategy to prevent rural depopulation from taking place and to make the Bethulie area more economically sustainable (10) [14] Q4 subtotal Total: 100 marks IEB Copyright © 2016

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: GEOGRAPHY: PAPER II Page 15 of 15 Rough work (Not for marks) IEB Copyright © 2016