Geography Grade 12 P1 Gauteng Mock 2021 Question Paper (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PREPARATORY EXAMINATION 2021 10781 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 TIME: 3 hours MARKS: 150 12 pages + an annexure of 7 pages This question paper consists of 12 pages and an annexure of 7 pages is included as an insert in the question paper. P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY 2 (Paper 1) 10781/21 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of THREE questions.  QUESTION 1: Climate and weather (60)  QUESTION 2: Geomorphology (60)  QUESTION 3: Mapwork (30) 2. Answer ALL THREE questions. 3. All diagrams are included in the ANNEXURE. 4. Illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams, where possible. 5. Leave a line open between sub-sections of questions answered. 6. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 7. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Number the answers in the CENTRE of the line. 8. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 9. Write neatly and legibly. 10. You may use a non-programmable calculator and a magnifying glass. 11. The unit of measurement must be given in the final answer, where applicable, e.g. 10 km, 4°C, east. SECTION B: MAPWORK AND APPLICATION RESOURCE MATERIAL 1. An extract from topographic map 2931AB TUGELA 2. Orthophoto map 2931AB 19 TUGELA 3. NOTE: The resource material must be collected by schools for their own use. P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY 3 (Paper 1) 10781/21 INSTRUCTIONS, INFORMATION AND RESOURCE MATERIAL 1. You are provided with an extract from the 1 : 50 000 topographical map 2931AB TUGELA and an orthophoto map 2931 AB 19 TUGELA of a part of the mapped area. 2. You must hand the topographical map and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of this examination session. 3. Show ALL calculations and use supplied formulae, where applicable. Marks will be allocated for these. 4. NO marks will be allocated for answers with incorrect units. 5. The area demarcated in RED on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. 6. You may use a magnifying glass. 7. The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the topographical map: ENGLISH AFRIKAANS Furrow Voor Golf course Gholfbaan River Rivier Sewage works Rioolwerke Weir Stuwal P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY 4 (Paper 1) 10781/21 SECTION A: CLIMATE, WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 1.1 Read the following statements and choose the appropriate word(s) in brackets to make the sentence TRUE. Write down only the question number (1.1.1 to 1.1.7) and the correct answer in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g., 1.1.8 Convection. 1.1.1 The climate of a small area such as valley climate is referred to as (micro- climate/macro-climate). 1.1.2 (Down-slope/up-slope) winds are also known as katabatic winds. 1.1.3 In (daytime/night-time), heating occurs, and warm air rises from the valley floor towards the crest causing anabatic winds. 1.1.4 The belt where the warm air accumulates midway up the valley, is called the (radiation belt/thermal belt). 1.1.5 A (frost pocket/fog pocket) forms on the valley floor when the temperature falls below freezing point. 1.1.6 Radiation fog in the valley is associated with (calm conditions/rapid winds). 1.1.7 Property values are usually (higher/lower) on the warmer middle slope than on the valley floor. (7 x 1) (7) 1.2 Refer to FIGURE 1.2, the Tropical Cyclone Edouard. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.9 A. 1.2.1 Tropical Cyclone Edouard was the… cyclone of the season. A 2nd B 5th C 6th D 9th P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY 5 (Paper 1) 10781/21 1.2.2 The movement of the air around the low pressure in the centre of the weather system is proof that this tropical cyclone occurred in the … hemisphere. A southern B northern C western D eastern 1.2.3 The centre of the weather system is known as the … of the tropical cyclone. A cortex B hurricane C eye D moisture front 1.2.4 The reason for the calm weather in the centre of the tropical cyclone is … A subsiding air that warms adiabatically. B subsiding air that cools adiabatically. C ascending air that warms adiabatically. D ascending air that cools adiabatically. 1.2.5 The path of the tropical cyclone is from … A west to east. B east to west. C north to south. D south to west. 1.2.6 The possible wind speed at approximately 24 hours is … km/h. A 10 B 50 C 100 D 130 1.2.7 It took approximately … hours for the tropical cyclone to reach the mature stage A 0 B 2 C 8 D 24 P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY 6 (Paper 1) 10781/21 1.2.8 The mature stage occurs when … A pressure begins to increase above 998 hPa. B pressure begins to increase above 1 000 hPa. C pressure decreases far below 1 000 hPa. D pressure begins to decrease below 1 014 hPa. (8 x 1) (8) 1.3 Refer to FIGURE 1.3 which shows mid-latitude cyclones on a synoptic weather map. 1.3.1 Which season is represented on the synoptic weather map in FIGURE 1.3? (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 At what stage of development is mid-latitude cyclone C? (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Give evidence from the synoptic map to support your answer to QUESTION 1.3.2. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.4 (a) Which mid- latitude cyclone, A, B or C is the oldest? (1 x 1) (1) (b) Give TWO reasons for your answer to QUESTION 1.3.4 a). (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.5 Refer to the extract of the station model of Cape Town. Explain the change in temperature, wind direction and cloud cover as the cold front of mid-latitude cyclone A approaches Cape Town. (3 x 2) (6) (15) 1.4 FIGURE 1.4 shows a line thunderstorm. 1.4.1 In which season do line thunderstorms develop over South Africa? (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 Describe the air that flows from the: (a) South Indian Anticyclone (1 x 2) (2) (b) South Atlantic Anticyclone (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.3 On which side of the moisture front do line thunderstorms occur? (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.4 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.4.3. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest the positive and negative impact that line thunderstorms have on the agricultural sector in the interior of South Africa. (4 x 2) (8) (16) P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com PLEASE DETACH THIS ANNEXURE OF 7 PAGES. GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PREPARATORY EXAMINATION 2021 10781 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 ANNEXURE 7 pages P.T.O

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY ANNEXURE 2 (Paper 1) 10781/21 SECTION A: CLIMATE, WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY FIGURE 1.2: TROPICAL CYCLONE EDOUARD [Adapted from https://nauticalclass.com/what-actions-vessel-should-take] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY ANNEXURE 3 (Paper 1) 10781/21 FIGURE 1.3: MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES [Adapted from Surface-synoptic-weather-map] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY ANNEXURE 4 (Paper 1) 10781/21 FIGURE 1.4: LINE THUNDERSTORM [Source: Examiner’s own diagram] FIGURE 1.5: HEAT ISLAND EFFECTS [Adapted source: https://www.google.com/search?q=hitte+eiland&safe=strict&rlz=1C1GCEU] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY ANNEXURE 5 (Paper 1) 10781/21 FIGURE 2.3: DRAINAGE PATTERNS [Source: Adapted from http: www.geologyin.com/2014/03/drainage-pattern.html?m=3] FIGURE 2.4: RIVER CAPTURE [Source: Examiner’s own sketch] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY ANNEXURE 6 (Paper 1) 10781/21 FIGURE 2.5: GAUTENG RIVER CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT Gauteng is located on the continental divide with some rivers flowing towards the Indian Ocean and others to the Atlantic Ocean. It contains the headwaters of a number of important river systems in an urban environment. The high flow velocity of the river causes erosion especially where vegetation cover is removed, or the banks of rivers and streams are modified. Seasonal flooding is a real danger in several extensive areas in Gauteng. Canalisations of several rivers in urban as well as rural areas have further negative effects. Healthy riverbanks maintain the form of the river channel, provide habitat for species (aquatic and terrestrial) and filter sediment, minerals and light. Water quality includes the chemical, physical and bacteriological properties of water which determine its suitability for use. The urban nature of Gauteng (especially the central part) as well as road networks across the province seals natural surfaces in a manner that does not allow natural infiltration of rainwater into the ground. This high runoff scenario during rainfall events coupled to pollution emanating from the urban environment puts a high level of stress on the river system of Gauteng. [Source: https://armour.org.za/wp/about-us/armour-a-voice-for-water/] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY ANNEXURE 7 (Paper 1) 10781/21 INDEX TO SHEET TOPOGRAPHIC MAP ORTHOPHOTO MAP CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 METERS CONTOUR INTERVAL 5 METERS END

Downloaded from hlayiso.com PLEASE DETACH THIS ANNEXURE.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY 7 (Paper 1) 10781/21 1.5 Refer to FIGURE 1.5 that shows methods to reduce the effects of an Urban Heat Island. 1.5.1 Define the term Urban Heat Island. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.2 Describe how the glass windows in FIGURE 1.5, will result in the increase in temperature in the urban area. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.3 Explain TWO possible negative effects that Urban Heat Islands have on the health of human beings. (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.4 Explain how the THREE strategies (A, B and C), evident in FIGURE 1.5, contributed to the reduction of the Heat Island Effect. (3 x 2) (6) (14) [60] QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 Read the following statements on the characteristics of a drainage basin and choose the appropriate word(s) in brackets which will make the statement TRUE. Write down only the question number (2.1.1 to 2.1.7) and the answer in your ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.8 Dendritic. 2.1.1 The point where the tributary joins the main river is known as the (source/confluence). 2.1.2 The total area of land drained by the river and its tributaries is known as the (drainage basin/catchment area). 2.1.3 A (river system/drainage pattern) is the main river with all its tributaries. 2.1.4 The surface area that captures rainfall is known as the (drainage basin/catchment area). 2.1.5 The tributary of a river is a result of (surface runoff/infiltration). 2.1.6 The (watershed/interfluve) is a spur that separates two tributaries of the same river system. 2.1.7 The upper layer of underground saturated rock is referred to as the (ground water/water table) (7 x 1) (7) P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY 8 (Paper 1) 10781/21 2.2 Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the geomorphologic description of fluvial landforms in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–I) next to the question number (2.2.1 to 2.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.9 J. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.2.1 The splitting of a river into different streams A Levees due to a slow-moving river depositing alluvium at the mouth B Terraces 2.2.2 Low-lying ground adjacent to a river in the C Delta lower course D Distributaries 2.2.3 This fluvial landform forms due to a knickpoint E Floodplain 2.2.4 Steps on the sides of a river as it erodes its F Waterfall own floodplain through rejuvenation G Meander 2.2.5 A fluvial landform resulting from a slow moving river depositing alluvium before it H Gorge enters the sea I Meander scar 2.2.6 This feature forms when an ox-bow lake dries up 2.2.7 A very steep sided valley where a river flows at the bottom 2.2.8 The winding pattern of a river that results in lateral erosion (8 x 1) (8) 2.3 Refer to FIGURE. 2.3 that shows the different types of drainage patterns. 2.3.1 Identify drainage patterns A and B. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.2 What is the dominant physical factor that determines the development of different types of drainage patterns? (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Give TWO visible characteristics of drainage pattern A in FIGURE 2.3. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.4 Why would farming be more suitable in an area with drainage pattern A? (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.5 Explain how physical factors limit the effective use of water in drainage pattern B. (3 x 2) (6) (15) P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY 9 (Paper 1) 10781/21 2.4 Refer to FIGURE 2.4 that shows river capture. 2.4.1 Define the concept river capture. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 Name the main physical factor (natural factor) visible in FIGURE 2.4 that resulted in river capture taking place. (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 Identify the features of river capture labelled C and D in FIGURE 2.4. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.4 State the impact that river capture will have on the volume of water in rivers D and F. (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.5 Discuss how the process of river capture has led to the rejuvenation of river F. (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.6 Explain the negative impact that rejuvenation will have on the economic activity visible next to river F on FIGURE 2.4. (2 x 2) (4) (14) 2.5 Study the extract on Gauteng River Catchment Management in FIGURE 2.5. 2.5.1 Define the concept river management. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.2 Give evidence from the extract that shows the importance of catchment management in Gauteng. (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.3 Identify TWO issues from the article that pose a challenge to effective river management. (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.4 Explain why aquatic life is affected by poor river management in Gauteng. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, provide sustainable strategies that can be implemented to deal with problems associated with poor river management systems. (4 x 2) (8) (16) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY 10 (Paper 1) 10781/21 SECTION B: MAPWORK AND APPLICATION QUESTION 3 The questions below are based on the 1 : 50 000 topographic map 2931AB TUGELA as well as the orthophoto map 2931 AB 19 TUGELA of a part of the mapped area. Refer to the general information on Tugela below, as well as the contour interval and index to sheet (page 7) in the ANNEXURE. GENERAL INFORMATION ON TUGELA INFORMATION: TUGELA The uThukela River originates as a stream on the 3 050m high Mont-aux-Sources plateau near the merger point of the Lesotho–Free State provincial borders. Its upper course, which lies within Royal Natal National Park, flows through the Drakensberg range before coming down fast through a series of waterfalls having a total drop of 948 m. The river cuts through the Tugela Gorge at the foot of the escarpment (about 1,500 m above sea level) and is quickly joined by many tributaries. The uThukela River ends its course of 502 km at the Indian Ocean, about 84 km north of Durban. The mouth almost completely blocked in times of normal flow by a sandbar. Its narrow valley and alluvial deposits restrict irrigation. The climate in this area is mild, and generally warm and temperate. The summers have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. The average annual temperature is 19,4°C at the Tugela Mouth resort and the average annual rainfall is 679 mm. [Source: https://www.britannica.com/place/Tugela-River] P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY 11 (Paper 1) 10781/21 QUESTION 3: TOPOGRAPHIC AND ORTHOPHOTO MAP TECHNIQUES 3.1 Refer to the topographical map and the orthophoto map. 3.1.1 Four options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (3.1.1) in the ANSWER BOOK. The length of the railway tunnel at F in block E3 is … metres. A 0,3 m B 30 m C 300 m D 3 000 m (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 Four options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (3.1.2) in the ANSWER BOOK The map reference for the map northeast of 2931AB is … A 2831 CC. B 2831 DC. C 2931 BA. D 2931 DC. (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 Use the following formula and steps to determine the magnetic bearing from the benchmark, G in block D5 to trigonometrical beacon 93, H in block C4. Formula: magnetic declination + true bearing (a) Difference in years (b) Mean annual change (c) Total annual change (d) Magnetic declination (e) True bearing (f) Magnetic bearing (7 x 1) (7) 3.1.4 Why is it important to calculate the current magnetic declination? (1 x 1) (1) (10) P.T.O.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com GEOGRAPHY 12 (Paper 1) 10781/21 3.2 TOPOGRAPHIC AND ORTHOPHOTO MAP APPLICATION Refer to the valley I − J on the topographical map. 3.2.1 (a) The wind that blows at night in the valley is a/an (anabatic/katabatic) wind? (1 x 1) (1) (b) Describe the flow of the wind identified in QUESTION 3.2.1 (a). (1 x 2) (2) (c) Identify the type of vegetation at K. (1 x 1) (1) (d) Explain the climatological factor that determined the location of the vegetation type at K. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.2 Refer to the uThukela River on the orthophoto map. (a) Identify the fluvial landform created by the uThukela River on the orthophoto map. (1 x 1) (1) (b) Identify slope 5 and give a reason for your answer. (1 + 1) (2) (c) (Grass/Trees) are found at 6 on the orthophoto map. (1 x 1) (1) (d) Explain the positive impact that the vegetation at 6 will have on the cultivated land at 7. (1 x 2) (2) (12) 3.3 GIS APPLICATION Refer to both the topographical map and the orthophoto map. 3.3.1 (a) Does an orthophoto map consist of raster or vector data? (1 x 1) (1) (b) Motivate your answer to QUESTION 3.3.1 (a). (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.2 There is clear evidence of the application of buffering on both the topographic and orthophoto maps. (a) Define the term buffering. (1 x 2) (2) (b) Provide evidence of how buffering was applied in block D3 on the topographic map. (1 x 2) (2) (c) Name ONE data layer that would have been consulted in the application of buffering in block D3. (1 x 1) (1) (8) TOTAL SECTION B: 30 TOTAL: 150 END