Technical Sciences Grade 10 P2 2026 Memo (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 10 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 TECHNICAL SCIENCES P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 8 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines GENERAL MARKING GUIDELINES 1. Calculations: Marks are awarded for the correct substitution and the correct final answer WITH the correct unit, as indicated by the ticks (✓). 2. Units: Penalise an omitted or incorrect unit only ONCE per question. 3. Names and formulae: Award 2 marks for a fully correct name or formula. Award 1 mark if the correct ions/elements are identified but the ratio (subscripts), the brackets or the Roman numeral is incorrect. Accept Cℓ or Cl, Aℓ or Al. 4. Equations: Award marks as indicated. Ignore phases unless they are asked for. Accept multiples of the coefficients, but NOT fractions in 8.1. 5. Definitions: Accept equivalent wording that conveys the same meaning. Where key words are underlined, deduct 1 mark for EACH key word or phrase that is omitted. 6. Negative marking: If a candidate must explain a choice and the choice is incorrect, no marks are awarded for the explanation. 7. Lists: Where a specific number of answers is asked for, mark only the FIRST answers given, up to the number asked for. 8. Consequential answers (CA): Where an answer depends on a previous answer, mark positively using the candidate’s earlier answer, unless stated otherwise. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 1 1.1 C ✓✓ (2) 1.2 D ✓✓ (2) 1.3 A ✓✓ (2) 1.4 C ✓✓ (2) 1.5 B ✓✓ (2) 1.6 D ✓✓ (2) 1.7 C ✓✓ (2) 1.8 B ✓✓ (2) 1.9 A ✓✓ (2) 1.10 B ✓✓ (2) [20] QUESTION 2 2.1 A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom / that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. ✓✓ (2) 2.2.1 A✓ (1) 2.2.2 B ✓ and D ✓ (2) 2.2.3 C✓ (1) 2.3 B: Carbon dioxide ✓; CO2 ✓ D: H2 O ✓ (3) 2.4 NO (the learner is not correct). ✓ Diagram C contains TWO different types of molecules / two different substances (O2 and CO2 ) ✓ that are NOT chemically combined with each other – it is a mixture. ✓ OR: A compound consists of only ONE type of molecule (particle); C contains O2 molecules and CO2 molecules, so it is a mixture. Accept any equivalent explanation. No marks for the explanation if “YES”. (3) 2.5.1 2 : 1 (H : O) ✓ (1) 2.5.2 15 ✓ (1) 2.6 In C, the substances are NOT chemically bonded / each keeps its own properties, so they can be separated physically. ✓ In B, the carbon and oxygen atoms are CHEMICALLY BONDED (combined), so a chemical reaction is needed to separate them. ✓ (2) [16] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3 3.1 To investigate (determine) which substances conduct electricity. ✓✓ OR: To investigate the electrical conductivity of solids, solutions and liquids (of different substances). 1 mark for “to investigate/determine”, 1 mark for “conductivity of different substances”. (2) 3.2 switch bulb A cell carbon electrodes liquid being tested Criteria: Cell/battery ✓; ammeter AND bulb ✓; two electrodes in a beaker with the liquid ✓; all components connected in SERIES in a closed circuit (switch included) ✓. (4) 3.3.1 The type of substance (tested) ✓ (1) 3.3.2 Electrical conductivity / current (ammeter reading) / brightness of the bulb ✓ (1) 3.3.3 Any ONE: Same cell (battery) / same bulb / same ammeter / same electrodes / distance between the electrodes / volume of liquid / same circuit / same voltage (potential difference) ✓ (1) 3.4 In the solid, the ions are held in fixed positions / are NOT free to move. ✓ When it dissolves in water, the compound dissociates into ions ✓ which are FREE TO MOVE and carry charge (current). ✓ (3) 3.5 CaCℓ2 (s) → Ca2+ (aq) + 2Cℓ– (aq) Reactant with phase ✓ Products (ions) ✓ Balancing (2Cℓ– ) AND phases of products ✓ H O Accept CaCℓ2 (s) −−2−→ Ca2+ (aq) + 2Cℓ– (aq). (3) 3.6 Tap water contains dissolved salts / IONS ✓ which can carry charge, while distilled water contains (almost) no ions. ✓ (2) 3.7 Sugar (sucrose) ✓ (1) [18] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4 4.1.1 Magnesium ✓; zinc ✓ (2) 4.1.2 Germanium ✓; boron ✓ (2) 4.1.3 Sulphur ✓; iodine ✓ (2) 4.2 (a) YES ✓ (b) NO ✓ (c) NO ✓ (d) YES ✓ (4) 4.3 A material that does not allow heat (thermal energy) to pass through it easily / a poor conductor of heat. ✓✓ (2) 4.4 Polyurethane foam ✓ It has the LOWEST thermal conductivity (0,025 W·m–1 ·K–1 ), so it lets the least heat pass through. ✓ (2) [14] QUESTION 5 5.1 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (of an element). ✓✓ (2) 5.2.1 Isotopes ✓ (1) 5.2.2 They have the same number of ELECTRONS / the same electron configuration ✓, and therefore the same number of VALENCE electrons, which determine chemical properties. ✓ Accept: same number of protons and electrons – differ only in the number of neutrons, which do not take part in reactions (1 mark). (2) 5.3 (a) 29 ✓ (b) 36 ✓ (c) 29 ✓ (d) 34 ✓ (e) 27 ✓ (f) S2– ✓ (g) 34 ✓ (h) 30 ✓ (f): S without the charge – 0 marks. Accept 34 2– 16S . (8) 5.4 Phosphorus ✓ (5 valence electrons in energy level 3: Group 15, Period 3) 31P Z = 15 ✓ A = 31 ✓ 15 (3) 5.5.1 8✓ (10 electrons – 2 extra electrons) (1) 5.5.2 Oxygen ✓ (CA from 5.5.1) (1) 5.5.3 Aℓ2 O3 ✓✓ Correct ions but incorrect ratio (e.g. AℓO): 1/2. CA from 5.5.2. (2) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 6 6.1.1 B✓ (1) 6.1.2 F✓ (1) 6.1.3 C✓ (1) 6.1.4 G✓ (1) 6.1.5 H✓ (1) 6.1.6 D✓ (1) 6.2 Core electrons: 10 ✓ Valence electrons: 6 ✓ (element E is sulphur) (2) 6.3 Energy ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 3p 3s ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 2p 2s ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ Criteria: Correct number of electrons for the ION (18) ✓; 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p in the correct order of increasing energy ✓; Pauli principle applied – paired electrons with opposite spins in every orbital ✓. If the Aufbau diagram of a sulphur ATOM (16 electrons) is drawn: max 2/3. (3) 6.4 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 ✓✓ 1 mark for 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 ; 1 mark for 4s2 . Element B is calcium. (2) 6.5 An atom of F (fluorine) has SEVEN valence electrons (1s2 2s2 2p5 ). ✓ It GAINS ONE electron to obtain a full outer energy level (stable octet / noble-gas configuration). ✓ (2) 6.6 Silicon ✓ (1) 6.7 D ✓ and F ✓ (nitrogen, N2 and fluorine, F2 ) (2) [18] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 7 7.1.1 Phosphate ✓; 3– ✓ (2) 7.1.2 Iron(III) ion ✓; 3+ ✓ (Accept ferric ion.) (2) 7.1.3 Ammonium ✓; 1+ ✓ (2) 7.2.1 Copper(I) ✓ chloride ✓ (2) 7.2.2 Lead(IV) ✓ oxide ✓ Lead oxide without (IV), or lead(II) oxide: 1/2. (2) 7.3.1 K2 Cr2 O7 ✓✓ Correct ions but incorrect ratio: 1/2. (2) 7.3.2 Mg(HCO3 )2 ✓✓ Brackets omitted or incorrect ratio (e.g. MgHCO3 or Mg(HCO3 )): 1/2. (2) 7.3.3 Ca3 (PO4 )2 ✓✓ Correct ions but incorrect ratio or brackets omitted: 1/2. (2) 7.4 The carbonate ion has a charge of 2– and the sodium ion 1+, so TWO sodium ions are needed for ONE carbonate ion (the ratio is wrong). ✓ Correct formula: Na2 CO3 ✓ (2) [18] QUESTION 8 8.1.1 Fe2 O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 ✓✓ Correct coefficients for Fe ✓; correct coefficients for CO and CO2 ✓. (2) 8.1.2 2C4 H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2 O ✓✓ C and H balanced ✓; O balanced (13O2 ) ✓. Do NOT accept C4 H10 + 13 2 O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2 O for the second mark. (2) 8.2 Mass of reactants: 160 + 3(28) ✓ = 244 (g·mol–1 / u) Mass of products: 2(56) + 3(44) ✓ = 244 (g·mol–1 / u) Total mass of reactants = total mass of products = 244 ✓ Therefore mass is conserved. ✓ M(Fe2 O3 ) = 2(56) + 3(16) = 160; M(CO) = 28; M(CO2 ) = 44. CA from the candidate’s balanced equation in 8.1.1 (but then the masses must still be equal for the last 2 marks). (4) 8.3 Zn + H2 SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2 Reactants ✓ Products ✓ Balancing ✓ (3) 8.4 6✓ (3 × 2 oxygen atoms) (1) [12] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Technical Sciences/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 9 9.1 The energy that is transferred from a hotter object (region) to a colder object because of a temperature difference. ✓✓ (2) 9.2.1 A: Thermometer ✓ B: Stirrer / glass rod ✓ (2) 9.2.2 Any TWO of: Paraffin wax is FLAMMABLE – it could catch fire over an open flame. ✓ The water bath heats the wax slowly and evenly (so the melting point can be read accurately). ✓ It prevents the wax from overheating / burning / decomposing. ✓ (2) 9.3.1 90 80 Temperature (◦ C) 70 60 50 40 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (min) Criteria: Both axes labelled correctly WITH units (temperature on the y-axis, time on the x-axis) ✓; appropriate scale – graph uses more than half of the grid (the y-axis may start at a value other than 0) ✓; ALL points plotted correctly ✓; smooth curve / lines joining the points, showing the horizontal section ✓. (4) 9.3.2 57 ◦ C ✓ (from the horizontal section of the graph) (1) 9.3.3 T = 57 + 273 ✓ T = 330 K ✓ (CA from 9.3.2) (2) 9.4 Any ONE: Digital (electronic) thermometer / thermocouple / infrared thermometer / bimetal (dial) thermometer / resistance thermometer ✓ Do NOT accept mercury or alcohol thermometer (these are liquid-in-glass thermometers). (1) [14] TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved