ENG.HL P1 GR11 NOV2020

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2020 ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 (EXEMPLAR) MARKS: 70 TIME: 2 hours This question paper consists of 12 pages.

2 ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of THREE sections: SECTION A: Comprehension (30) SECTION B: Summary (10) SECTION C: Language structures and conventions (30) 2. Read ALL the instructions carefully. 3. Answer ALL the questions. 4. Start EACH section on a NEW page. 5. Rule off after each section. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Leave a line after each answer. 8. Pay special attention to spelling and sentence construction. 9. Suggested time allocation: SECTION A: 50 minutes SECTION B: 30 minutes SECTION C: 40 minutes 10. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 3 SECTION A: COMPREHENSION QUESTION 1: READING FOR MEANING AND UNDERSTANDING Read TEXTS A and B and answer the questions in your own words as far as possible. TEXT A WHAT ARE CONSPIRACY THEORIES? 1 Conspiracy theories usually revolve around major social, financial or political phenomena. A conspiracy theory is a belief that the information presented to the public is not accurate and may even be intentionally misleading. 2 The rise of social media and instant communication has enabled rapid growth and spread of conspiracy theories. Natural disasters are popular fodder for 5 conspiracy theories, too. Sometimes the people formulating the theories find events in ancient history to back up their claims. Conspiracy theories have existed throughout human history. 3 But how common are conspiracy theories? The general public collectively looks down on and dismisses people who believe in conspiracy theories. 10 Some people snicker or roll their eyes at claims that disregard logic, but surveys and questionnaires have found that most people believe in at least one conspiracy theory. 4 Conspiracy theories catch on quickly for several reasons. The human mind is very good at recognising patterns. This was a skill that benefited our 15 ancestors, and still helps us today. Pattern recognition is almost automatic in many cases. The mind takes in new information constantly and people are often not aware of a pattern's existence until the normal pattern is broken. Confusion, when patterns are disrupted, prompts a desire to find out why it was disrupted. The same pattern recognition bolsters belief in conspiracy 20 theories. 5 The thought of a hidden agenda or unknown entity behind the scenes prompts the mind to look for supporting evidence. Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for information that supports existing beliefs. Succumbing to confirmation bias without realising it is easy. The mind creates connections 25 between unrelated events to support a pre-determined conclusion or decision. 6 People frequently search for reasons behind confusing or upsetting events. It is human nature to form logic and reason out of chaos. Conspiracy theories are most believable when they explain events that seemed to be random chance. Coincidences around significant events can quickly become a story 30 with good guys and bad guys, which makes the story even more appealing as a conspiracy theory. Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 7 The Flat Earth Society is tenacious and gaining supporters. They produce documentaries, continuously update a detailed website, and run several YouTube channels. They participate in media interviews and maintain an active 35 Twitter account. Their "evidence" is well documented. Academics in the Flat Earth Society create documents and various types of media with a professional appearance. They claim that gravity does not exist. Instead, the Earth accelerates upward with the power of dark energy. Members of the Flat Earth Society debate Einstein's theories within the group. Extensive documentation 40 and extremely active members have made the flat earth theory one of the most successful conspiracy theories. The Flat Earth Society has no obvious avenue of profiting from their claims or anything to gain from pushing an agenda. This gives an impression of legitimacy that many conspiracy theories lack. 8 Some conspiracy theories are so out there they seem to be more like poorly 45 written science fiction than a theory. David Icke is the source of many Reptilian claims. Reptilians are a shape-shifting race of humanoid aliens with characteristics of reptiles. The Reptilians pose as humans to take control of world governments and rule the earth. Sometimes Reptilian theories are combined with Illuminati theories. Reptilians are portrayed as the ancient leaders 50 of the Illuminati. 9 The Order of the Illuminati is the most overarching and comprehensive modern theory. Supposedly, the Illuminati have controlled humanity for centuries, and they still manipulate the world's governments with ease. It started with a book called "Principia Discordia". It was written by anarchists and was never meant to 55 be taken seriously. They thought that giving the general public several contradicting views of events would result in widespread questioning. The confusion was meant to destroy trust in official sources. 10 Educated people are less likely to engage in conspiracy theories than the average person. Well-informed people are prone to question what they are told, 60 but they also question conspiracy theories. Many conspiracy theories don't hold up under any degree of scrutiny. A joint study between Lehigh University and Harvard University, conducted over the course of five years, tried to determine factors influencing belief in conspiracy theories. Participants that overestimated their knowledge of government, politics and science were most likely to believe 65 conspiracy theories. Participants who judged their own knowledge accurately were much less likely to believe, although there are exceptions. Some conspiracy theories are supported or started by highly educated people. The conspiracy theories initiated by professionals and academics tend to be very complex with a small group of dedicated followers. 70 11 Conspiracy theories are very hard to debunk as they have a built-in defence against any argument. Claims and evidence opposing said theory are effortlessly dismissed as part of a “cover-up”. The scientific community and governments throughout history have made false claims. Some false claims were intentional, while others were a result of changing information or scientific advances that 75 disputed previous conclusions. Conspiracy theorists cite such incidents to defend their own credibility. [Adapted from https:/facty.com/network/answers/culture/what-are-conspiracy-therories] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 5 TEXT B [Source: shutterstock.com] QUESTIONS: TEXT A 1.1 Refer to paragraph 1. State, using your own words, what a conspiracy theory is. (2) 1.2 Refer to paragraph 2. Suggest a reason for the rapid spread of conspiracy theories. (2) 1.3 ‘The human mind is very good at recognising patterns.’ (lines 14–15) Outline the two possible outcomes when a pattern is broken. (2) 1.4 Study paragraph 3 as a whole. Why is it ironic that society generally ‘dismisses people who believe in conspiracy theories’ (line 10)? (2) 1.5 Refer to paragraph 5. Using your own words, explain why it is so easy to succumb to ‘confirmation bias’ (line 25). (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 1.6 Refer to paragraph 6. Suggest a reason for the quick spread of conspiracy theories about the current Covid-19 pandemic. (3) 1.7 ‘Their “evidence” is well documented.’ (line 36) Discuss the implications of the use of the inverted commas with the word, ‘evidence’. (2) 1.8 Refer to paragraph 7. Explain how ‘extensive documentation’ (line 40) and having no ‘claims or anything to gain from pushing an agenda’ (line 43) are important elements in the success of a conspiracy theory. (3) 1.9 Refer to paragraph 9. Critically discuss how the use of ‘supposedly’ (line 53) conveys the writer’s attitude toward the Illuminati and their origin. (3) 1.10 ‘Conspiracy theories are very hard to debunk as they have a built-in defence against any argument.’ (lines 71–72) In your view, does this sentence contradict paragraph 10? Motivate your answer by referring to paragraph 10 and paragraph 11. (2) QUESTION: TEXT B 1.11 Account for the body language of the two Reptilians. Refer to both Reptilians in your answer. (3) QUESTION: TEXTS A AND B 1.12 Critically discuss the visual impact the image is supposed to have on the reader. Refer to TEXT B and paragraph 8 of TEXT A in your answer. (3) TOTAL SECTION A: 30 Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 7 SECTION B: SUMMARY QUESTION 2: SUMMARISING IN YOUR OWN WORDS. You have been asked to research The detrimental effects of habitual lying on teenagers. You found the following article (TEXT C) during your research on the internet. Summarise the contents of TEXT C IN YOUR OWN WORDS. NOTE: 1. Your article should include SEVEN points and NOT exceed 90 words. 2. You must write a fluent paragraph 3. You are NOT required to include a title for the summary. 4. Indicate your word count at the end of your summary. TEXT C ADOLESCENT LYING When children enter adolescence and begin acting evasively to get room to grow, parents may begin to wonder, “Whatever happened to the truth?” Not that their little girl or boy has always been honest, but their teenager seems more prone to lying, both by commission (telling deliberate falsehoods) and omission (not voluntarily disclosing everything). Adolescents usually lie more than children for freedom’s sake – to escape punishment for misbehaviour or to do the forbidden. Lying seems to be the easy way out of trouble or to some adventure that has been disallowed. Parents who are lied to can feel hurt because lies take advantage of their trust, angry because of being deliberately misled and frightened because they don’t know what to believe and feel out of control. Lying is a gamble. If the teenager is not found out, then there is no punishment, but if the teenager is found out, he or she is often punished twice – first for theC, and second for lying about it. Liars have to remember two versions of reality: the truth of what happened and the falsehood they created. Keeping this distinction clear proves twice as complicated as telling the truth. Concealing the truth, liars have to live in hiding. They worry about whether their deception will hold up or come crashing down around them. Covering up one lie with another, liars soon lose track of all the lies they’ve told. They find it harder to keep their story straight. It takes a lot of energy, attention and effort to keep up a false impression. Eventually lying can become confusing when liars start believing the untruths they told. The more they tell the lie, the more likely they are to believe it. Liars often lack the courage to own up to the truth and soon lose track of all the lies they’ve told, finding it harder to keep their story straight. This lowers their self-esteem. To avoid questions and to keep from being found out, liars distance themselves from those to whom the lies were told. They become isolated from family and friends they have deliberately misled. [Adapted from www.psychologytoday.com] TOTAL SECTION B: 10 Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) SECTION C: LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS QUESTION 3: ANALYSING ADVERTISING Study the advertisements (TEXTS D and E) below and answer the questions set. TEXT D [Source: Google] TEXT E [Source: Google] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 9 QUESTIONS: REFER TO TEXT D 3.1 Explain how the image of the teenage girl conveys the message that ‘Alcohol endangers teens’. (2) 3.2 ‘Set clear rules against underage drinking.’ Is the tone used suitable for the target audience of the advertisement? (3) QUESTION: TEXT E 3.3 ‘Weekends were made for whisky.’ How does the alliteration in the slogan affect your understanding of the message of the advertisement? (2) QUESTIONS: TEXT D AND TEXT E 3.4 Given that TEXT D is set on a polluted beach and TEXT E on a boat, comment critically on the setting in each advertisement as a device to convey the message of each. (3) [10] Copyright reserved Please turn over

10 ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) QUESTION 4: UNDERSTANDING OTHER ASPECTS OF THE MEDIA Study TEXT F and answer the set questions. TEXT F: CARTOON FRAME 1 FRAME 2 FRAME 3 FRAME 4 [Calvin is the boy and Hobbs is the tiger] [Source: Calvin and Hobbs cartoons] QUESTIONS: TEXT F 4.1 Refer to FRAME 1 and FRAME 3. Explain the different uses of the word, ‘bad’. (2) 4.2 Refer to FRAME 1 and FRAME 2. Account for the change in Calvin’s tone from FRAME 1 to FRAME 2. (3) 4.3 Refer to FRAME 2. Explain the irony in Hobbs’ words. Consider his facial expression and body language. (3) 4.4 Refer to FRAME 4. In your view, is Calvin’s attitude in FRAME 4 justifiable? (2) [10] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 11 QUESTION 5: USING LANGUAGE CORRECTLY Read TEXT G, which contains some deliberate errors, and answer the questions set. TEXT G 1 Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's dolls were infants. Realising the possibility of a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic, as was 5 Mattel's directors. 2 During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli. The adult-figured doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. 10 3 The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip in the newspaper Bild. Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that 15 were available seperately. 4 Upon her return to the United States, Handler redesigned the doll (with help from engineer Jack Ryan) and the doll was given a new name, Barbie, after Handler's daughter Barbara. The doll made its debut at the American International Toy Fair in New York on March 9, 1959. This date is also used 20 as Barbie's officious birthday. 5 Wearing a black and white zebra striped swimsuit, designer Charlotte Johnson marketed the doll as a "Teen-age Fashion Model". The first Barbie dolls were manufactured in Japan, with their clothes hand-stitched by Japanese homeworkers. Around 350 000 Barbie dolls were sold by Mattel 25 during the first year of production. [Adapted from Wikipedia] QUESTIONS: TEXT G 5.1 Refer to line 4: ‘adult-bodied’. Identify the part of speech of the word, ‘adult-bodied’. (1) 5.2 Supply a suitable synonym for ‘unenthusiastic’ (line 5). (1) 5.3 Correct a concord error in paragraph 1. Rewrite the sentence which contains the error, underlining the correction. (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

12 ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 5.4 Refer to line 12: ‘Bild’. Suggest a reason for the use of italics. (1) 5.5 Refer to lines 12–13: ‘Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it.’ This is an example of a … sentence. A compound B complex C complex-compound D compound-compound (Write only the correct letter next to the question number.) (1) 5.6 Identify and correct a spelling error in the last sentence of paragraph 3. (1) 5.7 Refer to lines 17–18: ‘Handler redesigned the doll (with help from engineer Jack Ryan)’. What is the function of the brackets in the above sentence? (1) 5.8 Identify and correct a malapropism in paragraph 4. (1) 5.9 Refer to paragraph 5. Identify and correct the misrelated participle. (1) 5.10 Refer to lines 25–26: ‘Around 350 000 Barbie dolls were sold by Mattel during the first year of production.’ Rewrite the above sentence in the active voice. (1) [10] TOTAL SECTION C: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 70 Copyright reserved Please turn over