Geography Grade 10 P1 North West November 2019 QP (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com PROVINCIAL ASSESSMENT GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER 2019 MARKS: 225 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 17 pages and a 13-page annexure. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 2 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1. This paper consists of FOUR questions. 2. Answer ANY THREE questions of 75 marks each. 3. All diagrams are included in the attached ANNEXURE. 4. Leave a line between the subsections of the questions answered. 5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Number the answers in the centre of the line. 8. Do NOT write in the margins of this ANSWER BOOK. 9. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 10. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except where you have to state, name identify or list. 11. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answers, e.g. 1020 hPa, 14 C˚ or 45 m. 12. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 3 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 SECTION A: ATMOSPHERE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY Answer at least ONE question from this section. If you answer ONE question in SECTION A, you must answer TWO questions in SECTION B. QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 D. 1.1.1 The boundary that is formed when two crustal plates move towards each other is known as the ... boundary. A divergent B constructive C convergent D normal 1.1.2 … refers to the heat of the sun. A Respiration B Reflection C Radiation D Insolation 1.1.3 This part of the atmosphere shields the earth from the harsh UV rays. A Ionosphere B Troposphere C Ozonosphere D Atmosphere 1.1.4 A … has a cone that is formed by alternative layers of volcanic ash and lava. A shield volcano B cinder cone C composite volcano D caldeira Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 4 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 1.1.5 The diagram below shows… A ozone. B oxygen. C water. D helium. 1.1.6 A constant gas in the atmosphere. A Helium B Carbon dioxide C Methane D Nitrogen 1.1.7 A … is a very large igneous intrusion. A batholith B lopolith C laccolith D dyke 1.1.8 Loss of solar radiation as incoming sunlight bounces off clouds. A Photosynthesis B Absorption C Reflection D Insolation (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 5 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 1.2 Give the correct TERM for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question number (1.2.1 to1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.2.1 When heat is transferred from one molecule to another through contact. 1.2.2 The temperature at which condensation takes place. 1.2.3 Side of the mountain range where a rain shadow forms. 1.2.4 The molten material that is still below the earth’s surface. 1.2.5 The outermost layer of the atmosphere, furthest away from the surface of the earth. 1.2.6 Rock built up in layers. 1.2.7 A downward fold in rock layers. (7 x 1) (7) 1.3 Refer to FIGURE 1.3(a) showing the condensation level of the clouds. 1.3.1 State the condensation level of Cloud 1 in kilometers. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Comment on the relation between humidity and (1 x 1) (1) condensation level. 1.3.3 Determine the temperature range below Cloud 2. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 Name the high clouds that are wispy in appearance and that can precede bad weather. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.5 Name the type of rain that will develop at Cloud 1. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.6 Briefly discuss the climate conditions and the area where the type of rain mentioned in QUESTION 1.3.5 will occur in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.7 Label the cloud types A–E in FIGURE 1.3(b) (5 x 1) (5) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 6 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 1.4 Study FIGURE 1.4 based on earthquakes. 1.4.1 Explain what the term epicenter means. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 Give the magnitude of the earthquake that struck east- northeast of San Juan Raboso. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 Name the instrument that is used to compare the strength of different earthquakes. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.4 Name TWO strategies which the people of Mexico City could have used to reduce the impact of the earthquake. (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the effects of and earthquake on the people of Mexico. (4 x 2) (8) 1.5 Study FIGURE 1.5 based on the heating of the atmosphere. 1.5.1 Define the term insolation. (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 Give the term that is used to describe the process at A. (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Provide the natural direction of movement of warm air. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.4 Some of the heat energy given off by the sun is lost before it reaches the earth’s surface. Identify THREE processes associated with heat loss. (3 x 1) (3) 1.5.5 Name TWO greenhouse gasses that cause ozone depletion. (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.6 State TWO ways in which the loss of ozone affects humans. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 7 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 1.6 Study FIGURE 1.6 based on the synoptic weather map. 1.6.1 Name the pressure cell at A. (1 x 1) (1) 1.6.2 Give the isobaric pressure reading of the cell at A. (1 x 1) (1) 1.6.3 Indicate the type of front labelled C. (1 x 1) (1) 1.6.4 Make use of the data on this synoptic map and determine the season depicted. (1 x 2) (2) 1.6.5 Describe the weather conditions at Port Elizabeth by making reference to: (a) Air temperature (b) Wind direction (c) Cloud cover (d) Wind speed (e) Precipitation (5 x 2) (10) [75] QUESTION 2 2.1 Choose the correct term from those given in brackets to make the statements below TRUE. Write down ONLY the correct term in your ANSWER BOOK. 2.1.1 The (thermosphere/troposphere) is the most important layer of the atmosphere from a climatic point of view. 2.1.2 The (stratosphere/thermosphere) is found between the troposphere and mesosphere. 2.1.3 A low temperature of -90° is reached in the (mesosphere/stratosphere). 2.1.4 Carbon dioxide and (water vapour/hydrogen) in the atmosphere are responsible for the absorption of energy. 2.1.5 The ozone layer absorbs the (X-rays/ultraviolet rays) of the sun. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 8 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 2.1.6 Ozone depletion occurs in the (thermosphere/stratosphere). 2.1.7 (Temperature inversion/positive lapse rate) means that temperature increases with height above the surface of the earth. 2.1.8 Reflection at the snow-capped Polar regions. (Albedo/Aleno) (8 x 1) (8) 2.2 Refer to FIGURE 2.2 based on a cross section of the earth. 2.2.1 Name layer B, which is 2 900 km thick and consists of molten rock. 2.2.2 The core, labelled E, is solid and consists of nickel and … 2.2.3 Name ONE reason why layer C is important for humans. 2.2.4 Name the boundary between layers C and D. 2.2.5 Layer C is broken into smaller segments known as … 2.2.6 State the estimated temperature of layer B. 2.2.7 Name the layer that is composed of peridotite. (7 x 1) (7) 2.3 Read the article on global warming in FIGURE 2.3. 2.3.1 Define the term global warming. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Name the main contributor to greenhouse gasses, according to the report by the Food and Agricultural Organisation. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.3 Quote from the article to explain why methane gas is a bigger threat to the environment than carbon dioxide. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.4 Name ONE negative impact from the article that the growing herds of cattle have on the environment. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, give sustainable ways in which global warming can be slowed down. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 9 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 2.4 Refer to FIGURE 2.4 based on boundary margins and plate tectonics. 2.4.1 Name the meteorologist who first suggested that the continents were not fixed in one place. (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 State the difference between plate boundaries A and B. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.3 Name the plate boundaries labelled A and B. (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.4 Refer to the theory of plate tectonics and explain why the broken pieces of the crust of the earth moves. (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Provide TWO pieces of evidence that Africa and South America were once linked. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5 Study FIGURE 2.5 based on climate change. 2.5.1 Define the term climate change. (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Name the reason why the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf started fragmenting. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.3 Explain the effect of such fragmenting on the marine ecosystem. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.4 Give the estimated age of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines outline the consequences of global warming. (4 x 2) (8) 2.6 Read the Case Study in FIGURE 2.6(a) as well as FIGURE 2.6(b) based on volcanic eruptions. 2.6.1 State the number of people that were evacuated after the Puyehue Volcano erupted in 2011. (1 x 1) (1) 2.6.2 Explain why there was an agricultural emergency in the Patagonian region. (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.3 Classify the Puyehue Volcano as either a composite or shied volcano. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 10 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 2.6.4 Explain what the difference is between an active volcano and a dormant volcano. (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.5 Name the TWO continents that have been affected by the eruption. (2 x 2) (4) 2.6.6 FIGURE 2.6(b) illustrates intrusive landforms. Identify labels A, C, D and E. (4 x 1) (4) [75] SECTION B: POPULATION AND WATER RESOURCES Answer at least ONE question from this section. If you answer ONE question in SECTION B, you must answer TWO questions in SECTION A. QUESTION 3 3.1 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions by choosing from the list below. Write only the word/term next to the question number in the ANSWER BOOK. Depopulation; Life expectancy; Pull factors; Emigration; Population density; Literacy rate; Population distribution; Marti culture; Push factors; 3.1.1 The number of years a person can expect to live. 3.1.2 The movement of people from their home land to another country. 3.1.3 The farming of fish and shellfish in sheltered water. 3.1.4 Things in cities that attract people who live in the rural areas. 3.1.5 The number of people per unit area. 3.1.6 The percentage of the total population that can read and write. 3.1.7 Decline in the population of rural areas. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 11 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 3.1.8 The way people are spread out across the surface of the world. (8 x 1) (8) 3.2 Select a word/term from COLUMN B to match the description in COLUMN A. Write ONLY the letter of your choice next to the question number in the ANSWER BOOK. E.g. 3.2.8 K COLUMN A COLUMN B 3.2.1 The depletion of the ocean’s fish stocks. A Warm current B Zero growth 3.2.2 The overflow of a river soon after heavy rains. C Ecumene D Cold current 3.2.3 Pushing back of the sea with barrier walls. E Reclamation F Negative growth 3.2.4 Benguela ocean current. G Abiotic H Storm surge 3.2.5 People live where conditions are favourable. I Overfishing J Flash flood 3.2.6 Human-made factors that affect where people settle. 3.2.7 There are more deaths than births in a country. (7 x 1) (7) 3.3 Study FIGURE 3.3 based on population pyramids. 3.3.1 Define the term population pyramid. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 State the age-group interval for the pyramid. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 Give the shape of the pyramid. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.4 The base of the pyramid can be described as (wide/narrow) (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.5 The pyramid represents a LEDC (country). Provide TWO reasons for this statement. (2 x 2) (4) 3.3.6 Classify the age groups represented by labels A–C. (3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 12 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 3.4 Study FIGURE 3.4 based on the water crisis in South Africa. 3.4.1 Identify ONE reason given in the article, as to why a water crisis is expected by the year 2020. (1 x 1) (1) 3.4.2 Name TWO water transfer schemes that has been developed to supplement the water in Gauteng. (2 x 1) (2) 3.4.3 State TWO disadvantages associated with the construction of dams in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4) 3.4.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines suggest measures that can be implemented by the government to conserve and manage the water supply of South Africa. (4 x 2) (8) 3.5 Study FIGURE 3.5 based on population growth. 3.5.1 State the population problem that Norway is facing at the moment. (1 x 1) (1) 3.5.2 Give ONE reason why your answer in QUESTION 3.5.1. is a problem. (1 x 2) (2) 3.5.3 According to the article the current population figures do not look bad. Provide a reason why it does not look bad. (1 x 2) (2) 3.5.4 Provide ONE piece of evidence from the Demographic Transition Model in FIGURE 3.5 that Norway is a MEDC country. (1 x 2) (2) 3.5.5 Discuss the possible economic results of a low growth rate for a country such as Norway. (2 x 2) (4) 3.5.6 State ONE negative and ONE positive impact of the influx of foreigners on Norway. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 13 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 3.6 Study FIGURE 3.6 based on access to clean water. 3.6.1 Based on graph B, give the percentage of unimproved water sources for the second poorest community in 2008. (1 x 1) (1) 3.6.2 Based on graph A, state the difference between the poorest population percentage and richest population percentage that had access to piped water on the premises in 2008. (1 x 2) (2) 3.6.3 Discuss the importance of piped water rather than unimproved water from dams, rivers and lakes to South African communities. (2 x 2) (4) 3.6.4 Briefly explain the consequences of unsafe levels of bacteria for people that drink unimproved river water. (2 x 2) (4) 3.6.5 Suggest TWO sustainable strategies the government should put in place to solve the problem of water pollution in dams. (2 x 2) (4) [75] QUESTION 4 4.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write ONLY the letter (A–D) next to the question number (4.1.1 to 4.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 4.1.9 D. 4.1.1 The graphical representation of the percentage of males and females in different age groups. A population pyramid B population bar graph C population line graph D population pie graph 4.1.2 Choose the correct statement to fit with the following sentence. Life choices that can help to increase life expectancy. A Healthy meals and alcohol abuse. B Fast foods and good medical care. C Good medical care and exercise. D Smoking and regular exercise. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 14 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 4.1.3 The human immune-deficiency virus is better known as … A TB B HIV C AIDS D STD 4.1.4 A fear of foreigners resulting in unwarranted attacks to scare them into leaving. A Xenophobia B Xeroderma C Xylography D Xerothermic 4.1.5 High birth rate and high death rate results in … population growth. A high B zero C rising D low 4.1.6 The … of a country refers to the total number of babies that are born per 1000 of the population per year. A population growth B death rate C fertility rate D demography 4.1.7 When skilled and highly educated people leave a country to work in another it is called … A talent recycling. B brain drain. C skills migration. D brain loss. 4.1.8 Unregistered and informal entry into a country. A Refugee immigration B Asylum seeking C Illegal immigration D Alien migration (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 15 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 4.2 Refer to FIGURE 4.2 which illustrates the hydrological cycle. Provide the CORRECT GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS for EACH of the following statements, which correspond with the labels on the diagram. 4.2.1 The process whereby moisture is released from plants into the atmosphere. 4.2.2 The process whereby water vapour changes to water. 4.2.3 Any form of moisture released from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface. 4.2.4 The process whereby water reaches the permeable rock. 4.2.5 Water that flows on the surface of the earth after it has rained. 4.2.6 The water deep underneath the surface of the earth. 4.2.7 The process whereby water turns into vapour. (7x 1) (7) 4.3 Study FIGURE 4.3 based on economic migrants. 4.3.1 Define the term migrant. (1 x 1) (1) 4.3.2 State what is meant by the term ‘brain drain’. (1 x 1) (1) 4.3.3 Describe ONE effect emigration has on South Africa. (1 x 1) (1) 4.3.4 Explain why unskilled people lose their jobs as a result of skilled people emigrating. (1 x 2) (2) 4.3.5 Give TWO reasons for professionals leaving South Africa. (2 x 2) (4) 4.3.6 Transhumance is a way of movement. (a) Fully explain the term trancehumance. (2 x 2) (4) (b) Provide ONE example of a country where trancehumance still takes place. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 16 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 4.4 Study FIGURE 4.4(a) based on desalination in South Africa and FIGURE 4.4(b) based on water availability in South Africa. 4.4.1 State what the term desalination means. (1 x 1) (1) 4.4.2 Provide ONE other country, mentioned in the article, which is very successful with desalination. (1 x 1) (1) 4.4.3 Give ONE negative fact that makes desalination difficult in South Africa. (1 x 1) (1) 4.4.4 According to the article, what lead to desalination being seen as a solution to South Africa’s water problems? (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.5 Using your own knowledge, describe the purification process currently used in towns like Mossel Bay and Saldanha. (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.6 According to FIGURE 4.4(b), which river will have the highest availability level by 2025? (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.7 Refer to the table in FIGURE 4.4(b) and give ONE reason why so much water needs to be transferred into the Upper Vaal river. (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.8 Use your own knowledge to explain why South Africa experiences water shortages. (2 x 2) (4) 4.5 Study FIGURE 4.5 based on HIV and AIDS. 4.5.1 State what the following acronyms stand for: (a) HIV (b) AIDS (2 x 1) (2) 4.5.2 According to the graph, how has AIDS affected the population growth rate in Africa? (1 x 1) (1) 4.5.3 State what the annual growth rate for South Africa would be if AIDS did not exist. (1 x 2) (2) 4.5.4 Provide ONE other country which has exactly the same statistics as South Africa. (1 x 2) (2) 4.5.5 In a paragraph of not more than EIGHT lines describe the social and economic effects of HIV and AIDS on a country. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Geography/P1 17 NW/November 2019 NSC – Grade 10 4.6 Study FIGURE 4.6(a) based on overfishing. 4.6.1 Explain the term fish quota. (1 x 1) (1) 4.6.2 Give the combined percentage of overexploited and depleted fish stocks. (1 x 1) (1) 4.6.3 Provide a reason for overfishing leading to job losses. (1 x 2) (2) 4.6.4 SASSI is a South African organization that aims to regulate fish population in South African waters. (a) Use your own knowledge and explain the acronym (1 x 2) (2) SASSI. (b) Describe TWO management strategies of SASSI with which they try to improve the stock levels of fish in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4) 4.6.5 FIGURE 4.6(b) shows the flood hydrograph for Boscastle. Provide the following readings from the graph: (a) The highest rainfall (in mm) recorded. (b) The time the highest rainfall was recorded. (c) The highest discharge (in cumecs) recorded. (d) The time that (c) was recorded. (e) Calculate the lag time between (a) and (c). (5 x 1) (5) [75] GRAND TOTAL: 225 Copyright reserved Please turn over