Physical Sciences Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Mock 2023 QP

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE IBANGA 12 SEPTEMBA 2023 IFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) AMANQAKU: 150 IXESHA: 3 iiyure Eli phepha lemibuzo linamaphepha angama23 kuquka needatha shithi ezinamaphepha ama4.

2 IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IMIYALELO NOLWAZI 1. Bhala igama nefani kwisithuba esifanelekileyo kwincwadi yokuphendulela. 2. Eli phepha liqulethe imibuzo ELITHOBA. Phendula yonke imibuzo KWINCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA. 3. Qala umbuzo NGAMNYE kwiphepha ELITSHA KWINCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA. 4. Nambarisha iimpendulo zakho ngokuthe ngqo ngalendlela imibuzo yakho enambarishwe ngayo kwi khweshini pheyipha. 5. Shiya umgca OMNYE phakathi kwemibuzwana, umzekelo: UMBUZWANA 2.1 no MBUZWANA 2.2. 6. Uvumelekile ukusebenzisa ikhaltyhuleyitha engafakwanga lwazi. 7. Ungazisebenzisa izixhobo zeMathematika ezifanelekileyo. 8. Bonakalisa ZONKE iifomyula nee sabstityushini kwizibalo zakho ZONKE. 9. Shiya impendulo yakho YOKUGQIBELA yamanani kubuncinane bee desimali pleyisi EZIMBINI. 10. Xhasa okanye unike iingxoxwana apho zifuneka khona. 11. Uyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise IIDATHA SHITHI ezikweli phepha. 12. Bhala cocekileyo nangokucacileyo. Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) 3 UMBUZO 1: IMIBUZO ENEEMPENDULO EZIKHETHWAYO EZINIKIWEYO Iindlela ezahlukileyo zinikiwe njengeempendulo ezinokuchaneka kwimibuzo elandelayo. Khetha impendulo ze ubhale unobumba kuphela (A–D) ecaleni kweenombolo zemimbuzo (1.1 ukuya ku1.10) KWINCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA, umzekelo: 1.11E. 1.1 Yeyiphi ENYE kwezilandelayo eneZONA intermolecular forces EZISTRONGO ? A CH3COCH3 B CH3CH2CHO C CH3CH2CH2OH D CH3CH2COOH (2) 1.2 Qwalasela irhiekshini engezantsi: C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2 Luluphi UHLOBO lwerhiekshini oluboniswe yi-ikhweyizhini engentla? A Hydration B Halogenation C Hydrogenation D Hydrohalogenation (2) 1.3 Igama lefunctional group yeealdehyde ngu … A formyl. B carbonyl. C hydroxyl. D carboxyl. (2) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

4 IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 1.4 Ukhompawundi Q undergoes a cracking reaction ukuvelisa iorganic khompawundi P ne-ethene, C2H4 njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi. Khompawundi Q → Khompawundi P + C2H4 Ukhompawundi P uyaqhubeka esenzeka ikhombashini rhiekshini ngokwebhalansdi ikhweyizhini: P + 8 O2 → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O Igama le-IUPAC likakhompawundi Q ngu … A butane. B pentane. C hexane. D heptane. (2) 1.5 IMaxwell-Boltzmann distribhuyushini khevu X ibonisa inani le molecules against kinetic energy yerhiekshini ethile. Ukhevu Y ufunyenwe xa enye kwiirhiekshini khondishini itshintshiwe. Number of particles Y X Kinetic energy Yeyiphi ENYE kwiifektha ezilalandelayo etshintshiweyo ukufumana ukhevu Y? A YiPresha B YiTempritsha C YiKhonsentreyshini D Kukufakwa kwekhathalisti (2) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) 5 1.6 Idikhompozishini rhiekshini elandelayo ivunyelwe ifikelele kwiekhwilibriyam: COCℓ2 (g) ⇌ CO (g) + Cℓ2 (g) Yeyiphi ENYE kwiigrafu ezilandelayo [CO][Cℓ2] vesazi [COCℓ2] ECHANEKILEYO kwiekhwilibriyam? A B [CO][Cℓ2] [CO][Cℓ2] [COCℓ2] [COCℓ2] C D [CO][Cℓ2] [CO][Cℓ2] [COCℓ2] [COCℓ2] (2) 1.7 Yeyiphi ENYE kwiisalt ezingezantsi enokuveliswa ngerhiekshini yestrong bheyisi neweak asidi? A Na2SO4 B NH4Cℓ C NaCℓ D KHCO3 (2) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

6 IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 1.8 Irhiekshini emelwe yi-ikhweyizhini engezantsi ifikekelela kwiekhwilibriyam: CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (ℓ) ⇌ CH3COO– (aq) + H3O+ (aq) Amaqabaza ambalwa ekhonsentreyithedi solushini ye CH3COONa (aq) agalelwe kwiekhwilibriyam mixture. Yeyiphi ENYE kwezilandelayo ngokubhekiselele kwipH ne ekhwilibriyam pozishini ECHANEKILEYO xa irhiekshinini isondela kwiekhwilibriyam entsha? pH iEkhwilibriyam pozishini ishiftela ngase: A Iyanda Khohlo B Iyancipha Kunene C Iyanda Kunene D Iyancipha Khohlo (2) 1.9 Idayagram eyenziwe yalula engezantsi imele ielectrolytic seli esetyenziswe kwiphuyurifikheyishini yekopa (Cu). Iphawa sosi P Q UElektrowudi P iyiCATHODE yeseli. Yeyiphi ENYE kwindibanisela ezilandelayo echanekileyo ngokubhekisele kuelektrowudi P? Irhiekshini eyenzeka ITteminali akonekthwe kuyo kuelektrowudi P uelektrowudi P A Oksideyshini Phozithivi B Oksideyshini Negethivi C Ridakshini Phosithivi D Ridakshini Negethivi (2) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) 7 1.10 Qwalasela ihayiphothethikhali sponteniyasi rhiekshini elandelayo: Q2+ + R → R2+ + Q P2+ + Q → P + Q2+ Yeyiphi ENYE kuluhlu olulandelayo iioxidising agent zikwioda yeincreasing strength? A Q2+, R2+, P2+ B R2+, Q2+, P2+ C P2+, Q2+, R2+ D P2+, R2+, Q2+ (2) [20] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

8 IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) UMBUZO 2 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) 2.1 Qwalasela iioganikhi khompawundi A ukuya kuF ezingezantsi. A 2-methylpent-2-ene B (CH3)3COH C 2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid D CH2CH3 CH3 H C C C C H H H E F CH3CH2Br H H O H C C C H H H 2.1 Bhala UNOBUMBA wekhompawundi … 2.1.1 Eyi alkyne (1) 2.1.2 Eyi haloalkane (1) 2.1.3 Enejenerali fomyula CnH2n+2O (1) 2.2 Ingaba ukhompawundi A uSATSHUREYITHEDI okanye u-ANSATSHUREYITHEDI? Nika isizathu sempendulo. (2) 2.3 Bhala: 2.3.1 ISitraktsharali fomuyula sikakhompawundi C. (2) 2.3.2 Igama le IUPAC likakhompawundi D. (2) 2.4 Ingaba ukhompawundi B yiPRAYIMARI, SEKONDARI OKANYE THESHIYARI alkhoholi? Nika isizathu sempendulo. (2) 2.5 Bhala igama le IUPAC leCHAIN isomer ka khompawundi B. (2) 2.6 Ukhompawundi E une functional isomer. 2.6.1 Zintoni Iifunctional isomer? (2) 2.6.2 Bhala iKHONDENSIDI STRAKTSHRALI fomyula sefunctional isomer kakhompawundi E. (2) [17] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) 9 UMBUZO 3 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) Iikhompawundi A ukuya kuC zisetyenziswe uku investigeyitha ifektha einfluence ibhoyilingi poyinti zeeoganikhi khompawundi. itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa iziphumo ezifunyenweyo. Khompawundi Bhoyilingi poyinti(oC) A Propan-1-ol 97 B Butan-1-ol 117,7 C Pentan-1-ol 138 3.1 Chaza igama ubhoyilingi poyinti. (2) 3.2 Ngale investigeyishini, bhala: 3.2.1 i-Indiphendenti variyebli (1) 3.2.2 Ikhontroldi variyebli (1) 3.3 Chaza i-intermolecular fosi ephembelela le threndi ibonakalayo kwiibhoyilingi poyinti. (1) 3.4 Iibhoyilingi poyinti zeealkhoholi ezintathu ezibranched zinikiwe ngezantsi: 108 °C 129 °C 149 °C Yeyiphi ENYE kwezi thempritsha zintathu enokuba yibhoyilingi ka2-methylbutag-1-oli? (1) 3.5 Cacisa ngokupheleleyo impendulo kuMBUZO 3.4. (4) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

10 IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 3.6 iigrafu ezingezantsi zibonisa irhileyshinishiphu phakathi kweveyipha presha ne thempritsha kapropani-1-oli nopropanali. iveyipha presha (kPa) P Q Ithempritsha (K) 3.6.1 Chaza igama veyipha presha. (2) 3.6.2 Yeyiphi ikhevu, uP okanye uQ, ebonisa igrafu kapropani-1-oli? (1) 3.6.3 Cacisa impendulo kuMBUZO 3.6.2 ngokubhekisele kwi TAYIPHU. yee-intermolecular fosi. (4) [17] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) 11 UMBUZO 4 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) 4.1 Iflowu dayagram engezantsi ibonisa ukhompawundi P ukuba angatshintshwa njani abe ziioganikhi khompawundi Q noR. Ukhompawundi P: CH3CHBrCH2CH2CH3 Ukhompawundi Q + NaBr + H2O Ukhompawundi R (Meyija prowudakthi) (Alkhoholi) Ngorhiekshini I bhala: 4.1.1 Igama lohlobo lwesabstityushini rhiekshini (1) 4.1.2 Igama le-IUPAC likakhompawundi R. (2) Ngorhiekshini II bhala: 4.1.3 Irhiekshini khondishini ibenye ngaphandle kweheat. (1) 4.1.4 ISitraktsharali fomyula sikakhompawundi Q. (2) Ukhompawundi R angaguqulelwa kuKhompawundi Q. Ngenguqulelo kakhompawundi R ukuya kukhompawundi Q bhala i: 4.1.5 Fomyula okanye igama leinorganic reagent efunekayo. (1) 4.1.6 Uhlobo lwerhiekshini . (1) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

12 IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 4.2 Imiktsha ye-ethanowikhi asidi (CH3COOH) nepropan-1-ol (CH3CH2CH2OH) ihithishiwe kukho ikhonsentreyithedi salfuyurikhi asidi (H2SO4) kwiwater bath njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi. Ethanowikhi asidi + Propan-1-ol water + Salfuyurikhi asidi 4.2.1 Bhala igama le rhiekshini eyenzekayo. (1) 4.2.2 Nika isizathu sokuhithisha irhiekshini mikstsha kwiwater bath. (1) 4.2.3 Bhala istraktsharali fomyula negama le-IUPAC seprowudakthi eyenzekileyo. (4) [14] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) 13 UMBUZO 5 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) Iqela labafundi li-investigeyitiha ireleyinishphu phakakathi kwerhiekshini rheyithi nekhonsentreyishini. Basebenzise irhiekshini phakathi kwek calcium carbonate phawuda CaCO3 (s) ne EXCESSi hydrochloric acid solution HCℓ (aq), ku25 °C. Ibhalansdi i-ikhwezhini yale rhiekshini ngu: CaCO3 (s) + 2 HCℓ (aq) → CaCℓ2 (aq) + H2O (ℓ) + CO2 (g) ΔH < 0 Iapharathasi esetyenzisiweyo iboniswe ngezantsi. igesi sarinji igesi HCℓ CaCO3 Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa iirhiekshini khondishini zeEksperimenti 1 no2. UEKSPERIMENTI IKHONSENTREYISHINI IVOLYUM IXESHA YE HCℓ YE ELITHATHWE -3 (mol·dm ) HCℓ YIRHIEKSHINI (cm3) UKUFIKA ESIPHELWENI (minutes) 1 0,9 50 5,28 2 1,2 50 Y 5.1 Chaza igama rhiekshini rheyithi. (2) 5.2 Chaza iapharathasi efunekayo kwi-investigeyishini engaboniswanga kwisiketshi esingentla. (1) 5.3 Nika isizathu kutheni ithempritsha yerhiekshini mikstsha ingahlali injalo ngelixesha lerhiekshini (1) 5.4 Ingaba ixesha Y kueksperimenti 2 lizakuba LIDE okanye LIFUTSHANE kunemizuzu emi5,28? (1) 5.5 Cacisa impendulo kuMBUZO 5.4 ngokubhekisele kwicollision theory. (2) 5.6 Kueksperimenti 1, i250 cm3 ngqo ye CO2 iveliswe kwimizuzu emi5,28. Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

14 IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) 5.6.1 Khaltyhuleyitha iavaeyiji rheyithi yemveliso yeCO2 kwi cm3·min-1 (3) Kancinci emva kokuba irhiekshini kueksperiment 1 iphelile, iflaskhi itywinwe ngokuqinileyo kwaze kwafunyaniswa ukuba i100 cm3 yeCO2 iphumile kwiflaskhi. 5.6.2 Khaltyhuleyitha imesi yeCO2 eshiyeke kwiflaskhi emva kokuba iflaskhi itywiniwe. Thatha ngokuba imolar voluyum yeCO2 ku25 °C ngu25 000 cm3·mol-1. (4) 5.7 Kueksperimenti 3 abafundi ngoku bagalela u50 cm3 we EXESS ethanoic acid (C2H4O2) solushini onekhonsentreyishini engu 0,9 mol·dm-3 kuCaCO3 phawda ku25 °C baze bathelekisa iziphumo nezo zika eksperimenti 1. Igrafu yevoluyum yeCO2 kunye nexesha yee-eksperimenti ezimbini ibonakalisiwe ngezantsi. ivoluyumu ye Q CO2 P (cm3) Ixesha (iiminethi) 5.7.1 Yeyiphi igrafu uP okanye uQ emele iziphumo zika eksperimenti 3? (1) 5.7.2 Cacisa impendulo kuMBUZO 5.7.1. (2) 5.7.3 Ingathelekiswa njani i-amawunti yeCaCO3 esetyenziswe ku eksperimenti 1 kwiamawunti yeCaCO3 esetyenziswe kueksperimenti 3? Khetha kuINGAPHEZULU KO, INGAPHANTSI KO okanye ILINGANA NO. Nika isizathu sempendulo. (2) [19] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) 15 UMBUZO 6 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) 6.1 iSulphur trioxide (SO3) gesi i-injekhthelwe kwikhonteyina engenanto yaze yatywinwa. Irhiekshini elandelayo yenzeka phakathi kwikhonteyina: 2 SO3 (g) ⇌ 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) Igrafu engezantsi ibonisa Iinguqu kwiirhiekshini rheyithi nexesha kwi20 yeeminethi yokuqala. iRhiekshini rheyithi (mol·dm-3·min-1) 0 10 15 20 Ixesha (iiminethi) 6.1.1 Bhala intsingiselo yedouble arrow “⇌” kwi-ikhweyizhini. (1) 6.1.2 Yintoni eboniswa yihorizontali sekshini kwigrafu phakathi ko t = 10 yeeminethi no t = 15 yeemineuthi (1) Kut = 15 yeeminethi ithempritsha yerhiekshini mikstsha kwi khonteyina iye yatshintshwa. 6.1.3 Ingaba ikhonteyina iye YABANDISWA okanye YENZIWA SHUSHU ku t = 15 yeeminethi? (1) 6.1.4 Ingaba iforwardi rhiekshini IEKZOTHEMIKHI okanye iENDOTHEMIKHI? (1) 6.1.5 Cacisa impendulo kuMBUZO 6.1.4 ngokubhekisele kuLe Chatelier’s prinsipuli. (2) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

16 IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) Emva kwe20 yeeminethi ipresha ngaphakathi kwirhiekshini yandisiwe ngokuthoba ivoluyumu kwithempritsha engatshintshiyo. 6.1.6 Zoba kwakhona igrafu ingezantsi uze ubonise impembelelo yokwandisa ipresha kwirhiekshini rheyithi kude kube kwenzeke iikhwelibriyam entsha.. IGRAPH YERATE VERSUS TIME iRhiekshini rheyithi (mol·dm-3·min-1) 20 Ixesha (iiminethi) (2) 6.2 Ikhabhoni (C) nekhabhoni dayioksayidi (CO2) zixutyelwe kwikhonteyina engenanto engu2 dm3. Iikhweyizhini elandelayo ebhalansiweyo ibonisa irhiekshini efikelela kwi ekhwilibriyam kwikhonteyina ku7 00 °C. C (s) + CO2 (g) ⇌ 2 CO (g) Kwiekhwilibriyam, kufumaniseke okokuba ikhonsentreyishini yeCO2 ngu0,05 mol.dm-3 kwaye u0,4 weemowuli zeC (s) zikhona. iekhwilibriyam khonstenti yale rhiekshini ku700 °C ngu0,05. Khaltyhuleyitha ipesenteyiji yekhabhoni erhiekthileyo. (8) [16] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) 17 UMBUZO 7 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) 7.1 Qwalasela Iayonizeyshini ‘yeoxalic acid H2C2O4 (aq), eboniswe yibhalansidi ikhweyizhini elandelayo. H2C2O4 (aq) + H2O (ℓ) ⇌ HC2O4 – (aq) + H3O+ (aq) Ikhonsentreyishini yesabsitensi NGANYE efunyanwa ku0,1 mol·dm-3 solushini ye H2C2O4 kwiekhwilibriyam inikwe kwitheybhile engezantsi: iiSabstensi H2C2O4 HC2O4 – H3O+ Ikhonsentreyishini 0,046 0,054 0,054 (mol·dm-3) 7.1.1 Chaza iasidi ngokwethiyori kaLowry-Brønsted. (2) 7.1.2 Bhala Ifomyula yebheyisi kwirhiekshini engentla ngaphandle koH2O. (1) 7.1.3 Ingaba ioxalic acid yiasidi eSTRONG okanye eWEAK? (1) 7.1.4 Cacisa impendulo kuMBUZO 7.1.3 ngokubhekisele kwidatha ekwitheybhile. (2) 7.2 Ikhonsentreyithedi sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq), idayiluthwe ngewater kwisinye eshumini seorijinali khonsentreyishini yayo. i35 cm3 ngqo yedayiluthi solushini ye sodiyam hayidroksayidi imikswe ne25 cm3 yehydrochloric acid solution, HCℓ (aq) enekhonsentreyishini engu0,1 mol·dm-3 eflaskhini. Inyutralizeyshini rhiekshini yenzeka kwifaskhi ngokwebhalansidi ikhweyizhini: HCℓ (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCℓ (aq) + H2O (ℓ) 7.2.1 Khaltyhuleyitha i-inishiyali nunber yeemowuli ze HCℓ eflaskhini. (3) ipH yesolushini yokugqibela ngu12. Khaltyhuleyitha i CONSENTREYISHINI ye/yee: 7.2.2 Haydroksayidi ayoni kwisolushini yokugqibela. (4) 7.2.3 Khonsentreyithedi sodiyam hayidroksayidi. (6) [19] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

18 IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) UMBUZO 8 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) Igalvanic seli isetwe kwimeko eziqingqiweyo (Kwiistandadi Khondishini). Enye ihafu-seli inesiliva pleyiti, Ag, kwi akhwiyasi solushini yeAgNO3, ngelixa enye ihafu-seli ine inert platinam pleyiti kwiakhwiyasi solushini eneFe2+ neFe3+, njengoko kubonisiwe kwisimplifayidi dayagram engezantsi. V Ag Pt AgNO3 (aq) Fe2+ ne Fe3+ 8.1 Bhala iirhiekshini khondishini ezenzeka kule seli xa isebenza (2) 8.2 Kule galvanikhi seli, bhala: 8.2.1 iOksideyishini hafu-rhiekshini (2) 8.2.2 Iseli noteyishini (3) 8.2.3 izitandadi khondishini ezibini zeFe2+, Fe3+ hafu-seli. (2) 8.3 Khaltyhuleyitha i-inishiyali emf yale seli. (4) 8.4 Kuyakwenzeka ntoni kwiemf ebaliweyocalculated kuMBUZO 8.3, ukuba isolution yeNaCℓ ibizakusetyenziswa mjenge solithi bridge kwiseli phantsi kwee standadi khondishini? Bhala kuphela IYANDA, IYANCIPHA okanye IHLALA INJALO (1) 8.5 Cacisa impendulo kuMBUZO 8.4. (2) [16] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) 19 UMBUZO 9 (Qala kwiphepha elitsha.) Ielectrolytic seli eboniswe ngezantsi isetynziswa kwielectroliysisi yeCuCℓ2 solushini. uA uB iCuCℓ2 (aq) uA noB ziikhabhoni electrowudi 9.1 Chaza igama uelektrolysis. (2) 9.2 Ingaba iprosesi ye elekrolisisi IEKZOTHEMIKH okanye iENDOTHEMIKHI? (1) 9.3 Bhala ihafu-rhiekshini eyenzeka kuelektrowudi B. i0,369 g yeCu idiphozithelwe kwikhathowudi kwi27 yeeminethi (2) 9.4 Khaltyuleyitha ielektrikhali kharenti esetyenziswe kule prosesi. (7) [12] TOTAL: 150 Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

20 IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IDATHA YEFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI IBANGA 12 IPHEPHA 2 (IKHEMISTRI) THEYIBHILE 1: IIKHONSTENTI ZEFIZIKHALI SAYENSIZI IGAMA ISIMBOLI IVELIYU IStandadi presha p 1,013 × 105 Pa IMolar gas volume ku STP Vm 22,4 dm3∙mol-1 IStandadi thempritsha Tθ 273 K Itshaji kwi elektroni e -1,6 × 10-19 C I-Avogadro’s constant NA 6,02 × 1023 mol-1 THEYIBHILE 2: IIFOMYULA m n m n = M or/of c = V or/of c = MV pH= -log[H3O+] Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1x10-14 N ca Va na at /by 298K n= N or/of = A cb Vb nb V n= V m Eθcell = Eθcathode–Eθanode / Eθseli = Eθkhathowudi–Eθanowdi Eθcell = Eθreduction–Eθoxidation / Eθsel = EθrHidaksie–Eθoksidasie Eθcell = Eθoxidising agent–Eθreducing agent / Eθsel = Eθoksideermiddel–Eθreduseermiddel Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) 21 THEYIBHILE 3: PHIRIYODIKHI THEYIBHILE YEE-ELEMENTI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 (I) (II) Atoomgetal (III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (VIII) KEY/ SLEUTEL Atomic number 1 2 H He 2,1 1 29 4 Elektronegatiwiteit Simbool 3 4 Electronegativity 1,9 Cu Symbol 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be 63,5 B C N O F Ne 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Benaderde relatiewe atoommassa Aℓ Si P S Cℓ Ar 0,9 1,2 Approximate relative atomic mass 1,5 1,8 2,1 2,5 3,0 23 24 27 28 31 32 35,5 40 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 0,8 1,0 1,3 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,5 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,9 1,6 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,4 2,8 39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63,5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,8 1,9 2,2 2,2 2,2 1,9 1,7 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,1 2,5 86 88 89 91 92 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tℓ Pb Bi Po At Rn 0,7 133 0,9137 139 1,6 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 1,8204 1,8 207 1,9 209 2,0 2,5 87 88 89 Fr Ra Ac 0,7 0,9226 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 140 141 144 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr 232 238 Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila

22 IFIZIKHAL SAYENSIZI P2 (IKHEMISTRI) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) ITHEYIBHILE 4A: YESTANDADI RHIDAKSHINI POTENSHIYALI Hafu-rhiekshini E θ (V) F2(g) + 2e− ⇌ 2F− + 2,87 Co3+ + e− ⇌ Co2+ + 1,81 H2O2 + 2H +2e + − ⇌ 2H2O +1,77 − MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e− ⇌ Mn 2+ + 4H2O + 1,51 Cℓ2(g) + 2e − ⇌ 2Cℓ − + 1,36 2− Cr2O 7 + 14H+ + 6e− ⇌ 2Cr 3+ + 7H2O + 1,33 O2(g) + 4H + 4e + − ⇌ 2H2O + 1,23 MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn2+ + 2H2O + 1,23 Pt2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pt + 1,20 Br2(ℓ) + 2e − ⇌ 2Br − + 1,07 − NO 3 + 4H + 3e + − ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96 Hg 2+ + 2e − ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85 Ag+ + e− ⇌ Ag + 0,80 − NO 3 + 2H+ + e− ⇌ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80 Fe3+ + e− ⇌ Fe 2+ + 0,77 O2(g) + 2H + 2e + − ⇌ H2O2 + 0,68 I2 + 2e − ⇌ 2I − + 0,54 Ukwenyuka kwe oxidising ability Cu+ + e− ⇌ Cu + 0,52 SO2 + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ S + 2H2O + 0,45 2H2O + O2 + 4e − ⇌ 4OH − + 0,40 Cu2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cu + 0,34 2− SO 4 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17 Cu 2+ +e − ⇌ Cu + + 0,16 Sn4+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn2+ + 0,15 S + 2H + 2e + − ⇌ H2S(g) + 0,14 + 2H + 2e − ⇌ H2(g) 0,00 Ukwenyuka kwe reducing ability Fe3+ + 3e− ⇌ Fe − 0,06 Pb2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pb − 0,13 Sn 2+ + 2e − ⇌ Sn − 0,14 Ni2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ni − 0,27 Co2+ + 2e− ⇌ Co − 0,28 Cd2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cd − 0,40 Cr 3+ +e − ⇌ Cr 2+ − 0,41 Fe2+ + 2e− ⇌ Fe − 0,44 Cr3+ + 3e− ⇌ Cr − 0,74 Zn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Zn − 0,76 2H2O + 2e − ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH − − 0,83 Cr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cr − 0,91 Mn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn − 1,18 Aℓ 3+ + 3e − ⇌ Aℓ − 1,66 Mg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mg − 2,36 Na+ + e− ⇌ Na − 2,71 Ca2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ca − 2,87 2+ Sr + 2e − ⇌ Sr − 2,89 Ba2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ba − 2,90 Cs+ + e- ⇌ Cs - 2,92 K+ + e− ⇌ K − 2,93 + Li + e − ⇌ Li − 3,05

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2023) PHYSICAL SCIENCES P2 23 ITHEYIBHILE 4B: YESTANDADI RHIDAKSHINI POTENSHIYALI Hafu-rhiekshini E θ (V) Li+ + e− ⇌ Li − 3,05 K+ + e− ⇌ K − 2,93 Cs+ + e− ⇌ Cs − 2,92 Ba2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ba − 2,90 Sr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Sr − 2,89 Ca2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ca − 2,87 + Na + e − ⇌ Na − 2,71 Mg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mg − 2,36 Aℓ3+ + 3e− ⇌ Aℓ − 1,66 Mn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn − 1,18 Cr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cr − 0,91 2H2O + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH− − 0,83 Zn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Zn − 0,76 3+ Cr + 3e − ⇌ Cr − 0,74 Fe2+ + 2e− ⇌ Fe − 0,44 Cr3+ + e− ⇌ Cr2+ − 0,41 Cd2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cd − 0,40 Co2+ + 2e− ⇌ Co − 0,28 Ni2+ + 2e− ⇌ − 0,27 Ukonyuka kwe oxidising ability Ni 2+ Sn + 2e − ⇌ Sn − 0,14 Pb2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pb − 0,13 Fe3+ + 3e− ⇌ Fe − 0,06 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) 0,00 Ukwenyuka kwe reducing ability. S + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2S(g) + 0,14 4+ Sn + 2e − ⇌ Sn 2+ + 0,15 Cu2+ + e− ⇌ Cu+ + 0,16 2− SO 4 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17 2+ Cu + 2e − ⇌ Cu + 0,34 2H2O + O2 + 4e− ⇌ 4OH− + 0,40 SO2 + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ S + 2H2O + 0,45 Cu+ + e− ⇌ Cu + 0,52 I2 + 2e − ⇌ 2I − + 0,54 O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2O2 + 0,68 Fe3+ + e− ⇌ Fe2+ + 0,77 − NO 3 + 2H+ + e− ⇌ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80 + Ag + e − ⇌ Ag + 0,80 Hg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85 − NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e− ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96 Br2(ℓ) + 2e− ⇌ 2Br− + 1,07 2+ Pt + 2 e − ⇌ Pt + 1,20 MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn2+ + 2H2O + 1,23 O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ 2H2O + 1,23 2− Cr2O 7 + 14H+ + 6e− ⇌ 2Cr + 7H2O3+ + 1,33 Cℓ2(g) + 2e − ⇌ 2Cℓ − + 1,36 − MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e− ⇌ Mn + 4H2O2+ + 1,51 H2O2 + 2H +2 e + − ⇌ 2H2O +1,77 Co3+ + e− ⇌ Co2+ + 1,81 F2(g) + 2e− ⇌ 2F− + 2,87 Copyright reserved Please turn over