Physical Sciences Grade 12 P2 NSC June 2025 Memo (Afrikaans)

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS SENIORSERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN/ NASIONALE SENIORSERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY (P2) FISIESE WETENSKAPPE: CHEMIE (V2) MAY/JUNE 2025/MEI/JUNIE 2025 MARKING GUIDELINES/NASIENRIGLYNE MARKS/PUNTE: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 22 pages. Hierdie nasienriglyne bestaan uit 22 bladsye. Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 2 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne QUESTION 1/VRAAG 1 1.1 B  ACCEPT/AANVAAR 2 (2) 1.2 D  (2) 1.3 D  (2) 1.4 A  (2) 1.5 B  (2) 1.6 C  (2) 1.7 D  (2) 1.8 B  (2) 1.9 C  (2) 1.10 C  (2) [20] QUESTION 2/VRAAG 2 2.1 Compounds with one or more multiple bonds between C atoms in the hydrocarbon chain.  (2 or 0) Verbindings met een of meer meervoudige bindings tussen C-atome in die koolwaterstofkettings. (2 of 0) OR/OF A hydrocarbon with two or more bonds between the C-atoms. 'n Koolwaterstof met twee of meer bindings tussen die C-atome. OR/OF Hydrocarbons containing not only single bonds between C atoms. Koolwaterstowwe wat nie slegs enkelbindings tussen die C-atome bevat nie. ACCEPT/AANVAAR: Compounds with one or more double/triple bonds between C atoms in the hydrocarbon chain. Verbindings met een of meer dubbel/trippelbindings tussen C-atome in die koolwaterstofkettings. (2) 2.2 2.2.1 E (1) 2.2.2 F (1) 2.3 Ketones/Ketone  Aldehydes/Aldehiede  (2) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 3 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne 2.4 Tertiary/Tersiêre  The hydroxyl group/functional group (-OH) is bonded to a C atom that is bonded to three other C atoms.  Die hidroksiel/funksionele groep (-OH) is gebind aan 'n C-atoom wat aan drie ander C-atome gebind is. OR/OF The functional group ( C ) is bonded to three other C atoms. OH Die funksionele groep ( C ) is gebind aan drie ander C-atome. OH (2) 2.5 2.5.1 Marking criteria: • Correct stem, i.e. hexane.  • Both substituent (ethyl and iodo) correctly identified.  • IUPAC name completely correct including numbering, sequence, hyphens and commas.  Nasienkriteria: • Korrekte stam, d.i. heksaan.  • Beide substituent (etiel en jodo) korrek geïdentifiseer.  • IUPAC-naam heeltemal korrek insluitende nommering, volgorde, koppeltekens en kommas.  3-ethyl-4-iodohexane/3-etiel-4-jodoheksaan  (3) 2.5.2 Marking criteria/Nasienkriteria: • Correct stem and substituents: methyl and propanol  Korrekte stam en substituente: metiel en propanol • IUPAC name completely correct including numbering, sequence, hyphens and commas.  IUPAC-naam heeltemal korrek insluitende nommering, volgorde, koppeltekens en kommas. 2-methylpropan-1-ol/ 2-methyl-1-propanol/ methylpropan-1-ol/ methyl-1-propanol  2-metielpropan-1-ol/ 2-metiel-1-propanol / metielpropan-1-ol/ metiel-1-propanol (2) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 4 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne 2.6 2.6.1 Esterification/Condensation/Verestering/Esterifikasie/Kondensasie  (1) 2.6.2  Marking criteria/Nasienkriteria: H H H O H H • Functional group correct.  Funksionele groep korrek. H C C C C O C C H • Whole structure correct.  Hele struktuur korrek. H H H H H  IF/INDIEN • More than one functional group/wrong functional group: Meer as een funksionele groep/foutiewe funksionele groep: 0� 2 • If condensed structural formulae used/Indien gekondenseerde struktuurformules gebruik: Max./Maks. 1�2 (2) 2.7 2.7.1 C2H4O  (1) 2.7.2 H H H H Marking criteria/Nasienkriteria:  • Correct functional group.  H C C C C H Korrekte funksionele groep. • Whole structure correct.  H H Hele struktuur korrek. IF/INDIEN • More than one functional group/wrong functional group: Meer as een funksionele groep/foutiewe funksionele groep: 0� 2 • If condensed structural formulae used/Indien gekondenseerde struktuurformules gebruik: Max./Maks. 1�2 (2) [19] Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 5 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne QUESTION 3/VRAAG 3 3.1.1 (A series of organic) compounds that can be described by the same general formula.  (2 or 0) OR (A series of organic) compounds in which one member differs from the next by a CH2 group. (’n Reeks organiese) verbindings wat deur dieselfde algemene formule beskryf kan word.  (2 of 0) OF (’n Reeks organiese) verbindings waarin die een lid van die volgende verskil met 'n CH2-groep (2) 3.1.2 (a) Formyl (group)/Formiel(groep)  (1) (b) Marking criteria: Nasienkriteria: • Correct chain length, i.e. Meth.  • Korrekte kettinglengte d.i. Met.  • Everything else correct.  • Alles verder reg  Methanal/Metanaal  (2) 3.1.3 (a) Homologous series/Functional group/Type of intermolecular forces/Straight chain/Atmospheric pressure  Homoloë reeks/Funksionele groep/Tipe intermolekulêre kragte/ Reguitketting/ Atmosferiese druk (1) (b) The boiling points of the carboxylic acids increase with an increase in the chain length/the number of carbon atoms/surface area/molecular mass./ OR The boiling points of the carboxylic acids decrease with a decrease in the chain length/number of carbon atoms/surface area/molecular mass.  Die kookpunte van die karboksielsure neem toe met 'n toename in die kettinglengte/aantal koolstofatome/reaksieoppervlak/molekulêre massa./ OF Die kookpunte van die karboksielsure neem af met 'n afname in die kettinglengte/aantal koolstofatome/reaksieoppervlak/molekulêre massa. (1) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 6 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne (c) Marking criteria: For increasing or decreasing number of C atoms • Compare the strength of intermolecular forces.  • Compare the energy required to overcome intermolecular forces.  Nasienkriteria: Vir toename of afname in aantal C-atome • Vergelyk die sterkte van intermolekulêre kragte.  • Vergelyk die energie benodig om intermolekulêre kragte te oorkom.  As the number of C atoms/chain length/surface area/contact area/molecular mass increases • The strength of intermolecular/London/dispersion forces increases.  • More energy is needed to overcome intermolecular forces/London/ dispersion forces.  OR As the number of C atoms/chain length/surface area/contact area/molecular mass decreases • The strength of intermolecular/London/dispersion forces decreases.  • Less energy is needed to overcome intermolecular forces/London/ dispersion forces.  Met toename in aantal C-atome/kettinglengte/reaksieoppervlak/kontakarea/ molekulêre massa. • Die sterkte van die die intermolekulêre kragte/Londonkragte/ dispersiekragte neem toe. • Meer energie word benodig om die intermolekulêre kragte/Londonkragte/ dispersiekragte te oorkom/breek. OF Met afname in aantal C-atome/kettinglengte/reaksieoppervlak/kontakarea/ molekulêre massa. • Die sterkte van die die intermolekulêre kragte/Londonkragte/ dispersiekragte neem af. • Minder energie word benodig om die intermolekulêre kragte/ Londonkragte/dispersiekragte te oorkom/breek (2) 3.1.4 75 °C  (1) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 7 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne 3.2 Marking criteria: • Higher than  • State that carboxylic acids have more than one (two) site for hydrogen bonding and alcohols have one site for hydrogen bonding.  • Comparing the strength of IMFs.  • Comparing the number of molecules in a vapour phase at a given temperature/ energy needed to overcome IMFs.  Nasienkriteria: • Hoër as  • Stel dat karboksielsure het meer as een (twee) plekke vir waterstofbindings en dat alkohole een plek het vir waterstofbinding.  • Vergelyk die sterkte van die IMK's/energie benodig om IMK's te oorkom.  • Vergelyk die hoeveelheid molekules in die dampfase by 'n gegewe temperatuur /energie nodig om die IMK te oorkom.  • Higher than  • Compound B/CH3CH2CH2COOH/Carboxylic acid/Butanoic acid has (in addition to London forces and dipole-dipole forces), more than one site (two) for hydrogen bonding between molecules and compound A/CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH/Alcohol/Pentan-1-ol has (in addition to London forces and dipole-dipole forces) one site for hydrogen bonding between molecules.  • Intermolecular forces in compound B/CH3CH2CH2COOH/Carboxylic acids/Butanoic acid are stronger.  • More energy needed to overcome/break intermolecular forces in compound B/ CH3CH2CH2COOH/Carboxylic acid/Butanoic acid. OR • At a given temperature there will be fewer molecules of compound B/CH3CH2CH2COOH/Carboxylic acids/Butanoic acid in the vapour phase.  • Higher than  • Compound A/CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH/Alcohol/Pentan-1-ol has (in addition to London forces and dipole-dipole forces) one site for hydrogen bonding between molecules and compound B/CH3CH2CH2COOH/ Carboxylic acid/Butanoic acid has, (in addition to London forces and dipole- dipole forces), more than one site (two) for hydrogen bonding between molecules.  • Intermolecular forces in compound A/CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH/Alcohol/ Pentan-1-ol are weaker.  • Less energy needed to overcome/break intermolecular forces in compound A/CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH/Pentan-1-ol/Alcohol. OR • At a given temperature there will be more molecules of compound A/CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH/Alcohol/ Pentan-1-ol in the vapour phase.  Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 8 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne • Hoër as • Verbinding B/CH3CH2CH2COOH/Karboksielsure/Butanoësuur het, (in toevoeging tot Londonkragte en dipool-dipoolkragte), meer as een posisie (twee) vir waterstofbinding tussen molekule en verbinding A/ CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH/Alkohol/Pentan-1-ol het, (in toevoeging tot Londonkragte en dipool-dipoolkragte), een posisie vir waterstofbinding tussen molekule. • Intermolekulêre kragte in verbinding B/CH3CH2CH2COOH/Karboksielsure/ Butanoësuur is sterker. • Meer energie word benodig om intermolekulêre kragte in verbinding B/CH3CH2CH2COOH/Karboksielsure/Butanoësuur te oorkom/breek OF • By 'n gegewe temperatuur sal daar minder molekules van verbinding B/CH3CH2CH2COOH/Karboksielsure/Butanoësuur in die dampfase wees. • Hoër as • Verbinding A/CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH/Alkohol/Pentan-1-ol het, (in toevoeging tot Londonkragte en dipool-dipoolkragte), een posisie vir waterstofbinding tussen molekule en verbinding B/CH3CH2CH2COOH/ Karboksielsure/Butanoësuur het, (in toevoeging tot Londonkragte en dipool- dipoolkragte), meer as een posisie (twee) vir waterstofbinding tussen molekule. • Intermolekulêre kragte in verbinding A/ CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH/Alkohol/ Pentan-1-ol is swakker. • Minder energie word benodig om intermolekulêre kragte in A/ CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH/Alkohol/Pentan-1-ol te oorkom/breek. OF • By 'n gegewe temperatuur sal daar meer molekules van verbinding A/ CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH/Alkohol/Pentan-1-ol in die dampfase wees. (4) [14] Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 9 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne QUESTION 4/VRAAG 4 4.1 4.1.1 Hydrogenation/Hidrogenering/Hidrogenasie  (1) 4.1.2 Dehydration/Dehidrasie/Dehidratering  (1) 4.2 Marking criteria: Nasienkriteria: • Correct chain length, i.e. But.  • Korrekte kettinglengte d.i. But. • Everything else correct: IUPAC name • Alles verder reg: IUPAC-naam completely correct including numbering.  heeltemal korrek insluitende nommering.  Butan-1-ol/1-butanol  (2) 4.3 4.3.1 Marking criteria/Nasienkriteria: • Whole condensed structural formula of alkene correct.  Hele gekondenseerde struktuurformule van die alkeen korrek. • H2O.  • Hydroxyl group/OH.  Hidroksielgroep/OH. • Whole condensed structural formula of alcohol correct (OH on second C-atom).  Hele gekondenseerde struktuurformule van alkohol korrek (OH op tweede C- atoom) IF/INDIEN • Any additional reactants or products /Enige addisionele reaktanse of produkte: Deduct 1 mark/Trek 1 punt af. • Structural formulae used/Struktuurformule gebruik. Max./Maks. 3�4 • Molecular formulae used/Molekulêre formule gebruik. Max./Maks. 1�4 • Only reactants without arrow/Slegs reaktanse sonder pyl Max/Maks. 2�4 Marking rule 6.3.10/Nasienreël 6.3.10  CH2CHCH2CH3  + H2O  → CH3CHOHCH2CH3  OR/OF OH  CH2=CHCH2CH3  + H2O  → CH3CHCH2CH3  (4) 4.3.2 Sulphuric acid/H2SO4/Phosphoric acid/H3PO4/Swawelsuur/Fosforsuur  (1) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 10 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne 4.4 Marking criteria/Nasienkriteria: • X2 = Br2/Cℓ2.  • Whole structural formula of haloalkane correct.  Hele struktuurformule van haloalkaan korrek. • H2O/NaOH/KOH/LiOH.  • Whole structural formula of alcohol correct.  Hele struktuurformule van alkohol korrek. • HX/NaX/KX/LiX where/waar X = Br/Cℓ  IF/INDIEN • Any additional reactants or products /Enige addisionele reaktanse of produkte: Max./Maks. 4�5 • Condensed structural formulae used/Gekondenseerde struktuurformule gebruik: deduct 1 mark/trek 1 punt af. • If inorganic product does not correspond with inorganic reactant: no mark for inorganic product./Indien anorganiese produk nie met die anorganiese reaktans ooreenstem nie, geen punt vir anorganiese produk. • Molecular formulae used:/Molekulêre formule gebruik: Max./Maks. 3�5 • Marking rule 6.3.10/Nasienreël 6.3.10 H H H H H H H H  H C C C C H + X2  H C C C C H + HX H H H H H H H X H H H H H H H H  H C C C C H + H2O  H C C C C H + HX  OR/OF H H H O OR/OF H H H X NaOH/ NaX/ KOH/ H KX/ LiOH LiX (5) 4.5 2C4H10  + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O  Bal.  Ignore phases./Ignoreer fases. Marking criteria/Nasienkriteria: • C4H10  O2, CO2 and/en H2O  Balancing/Balansering  • Ignore double arrows./Ignoreer dubbelpyle. • Marking rule 6.3.10/Nasienreël 6.3.10. IF/INDIEN: • Structural formulae C4H10 used:/Struktuurformule C4H10 gebruik: Max./Maks. 2�3 • Balancing mark only if everything else is correct/ Balanseringspunt slegs indien alles korrek. (3) [17] Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 11 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne QUESTION 5/VRAAG 5 5.1 NOTE/NOTA Give the mark for per unit time only if in context of reaction rate. Gee die punt vir per eenheidtyd slegs indien in konteks van reaksietempo. ANY ONE: • Change in concentration  of products/reactants per (unit) time.  • Change in amount/number of moles/volume/mass of products or reactants per (unit) time. • Amount/number of moles/volume/mass of products formed/reactants used per (unit) time. • Rate of change in concentration/amount/number of moles/volume/ mass.  (2 or 0) ENIGE EEN: • Verandering in konsentrasie  van produkte/reaktanse per (eenheid)tyd. • Verandering in hoeveelheid/getal mol/volume/massa van produkte of reaktanse per (eenheid)tyd. • Hoeveelheid/getal mol/volume/massa van produkte gevorm/reaktanse gebruik per (eenheid)tyd. • Tempo van verandering in konsentrasie/ hoeveelheid/getal mol/ volume/ massa.  (2 of 0) (2) 5.2 ANY ONE: Temperature / (Initial) amount/Mass of magnesium carbonate/Surface area ENIGE EEN: Temperatuur / (Aanvanklike) hoeveelheid/Massa van magnesiumkarbonaat/ Reaksieoppervlak (1) 5.3 CO2/gas escapes from the reaction flask.  CO2 /gas ontsnap uit die reaksiefles.  (1) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 12 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne 5.4 Marking criteria: m(CO2) = 144,5 – 143,87  (a) (a) Mass subtraction  = 0,63 g m (b)Formula: n = or V = nVm  m M (c) Substitute M = 44 g·mol-1 in n(CO2) =  (b) m M n(CO2) = with m(CO2) from (a) 0,63 M =  (c) (d)Substitute 24,5 dm3 in V = nVm with 44 n(CO2)  = 1,43 x 10-2 mol (e) Substitute VCO2 and 120 in rate formula V(CO2) = nVm (f) Final correct answer: = (1,43 x 10-2)(24,5)  (d) 2,92 x 10-3 (dm3·s-1)  = 0,35 dm3 Range: 2,08 x 10-3 to 3 x 10-3 Nasienkriteria: Ave rate/ ΔV(CO2 ) (a) Aftrek van massas.  gem tempo = m (b)Formula: n = or V = nVm  Δt M (c) Vervang M = 44 g·mol-1 in 0,35 - (0) m =  (e) 120 - (0) n(CO2) = met m(CO2) van (a) M  (f) (d)Vervang 24,5 dm3 in V = nVm met = 2,92 x 10-3 (dm3·s-1) n(CO2) (e) Vervang VCO2 en 120 in tempoformule (f) Finale korrekte antwoord: 2,92 x 10-3 (dm3·s-1)  Gebied: 2,08 x 10-3 tot 3 x 10-3 (6) 5.5 Marking criteria: • A • Comparison of the curves of the graph  • Comparison of concentration of HCℓ (from table)  • Explanation of collision theory for LOWER concentration  Nasienkriteria: • A • Vergelyk die kurwes van grafiek  • Vergelyk die konsentrasie van HCℓ (vanaf tabel)  • Verduidelik botsingsteorie vir LAER konsentrasie  A • Gradient is least steep/lowest reaction rate/least amount of gas produced in 120 s.  • Lowest concentration of HCℓ(aq).  • Least/Less particles per unit volume.  • Least/Less effective collisions per unit time/second.  OR Lowest/Lower frequency of effective collisions. • Gradient is die laagste/laagste reaksietempo/minste hoeveelheid gas geproduseer in 120 s.  • Laagste konsentrasie van HCℓ(aq).  • Minste/Minder deeltjies per eenheidsvolume.  • Minste/Minder effektiewe botsings per eenheidstyd/sekonde.  OF Laagste/Laer frekwensie van effektiewe botsings. (5) 5.6 The same/ Dieselfde  The same amount MgCO3 is used in each experiment.  Dieselfde hoeveelheid MgCO3 is gebruik in elke eksperiment. (2) [17] Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 13 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne QUESTION 6/VRAAG 6 6.1 6.1.1 Remains the same/Bly dieselfde  (1) 6.1.2 Decreases/Neem af  (1) 6.1.3 Remains the same/Bly dieselfde  (1) 6.2 • Decrease in pressure favours the reaction that produces a greater number of moles/amount of gas.  'n Verlaging in druk bevoordeel die reaksie wat 'n groter aantal mol/hoeveelheid gas produseer. • Forward reaction is favoured. / [CO] increases AND [CO2] decreases Voorwaartse reaksie word bevoordeel./ [CO] neem toe EN [CO2] neem af (2) 6.3 Marking criteria: Nasienkriteria: m m (a) Substitute 44 in n =  (a) Vervang 44 in n =  M M (b) Change in mass of carbon: (b) Verandering in massa: m(Ci) - m(Cf)/n(Ci) - n(Cf)  m(Ci) - m(Cf)/n(Ci) - n(Cf)  m m (c) Substitute 12 in n =  (c) Vervang 12 in n =  M M (d) Use mole ratio 1:1  (d) Gebruik molverhouding 1:1  (e) n(CO2)eq = n(CO2)initial - n(CO2)used OR (e) n(CO2)ewe = n(CO2)begin - n(CO2)gebruik OF m(CO2)eq = m(CO2)initial - m(CO2)used  m(CO2)ewe= m(CO2)begin - m(CO2)gebruik  (f) Final answer: 6,16 g  (f) Finale anwtoord: 6,16 g  RANGE: 6 to 6,16 g GEBIED: 6 tot 6,16 g NOTE: NOTA: If (b) ∆m(C) or ∆n(C) is not calculated Indien (b) ∆m(C) of ∆n(C) nie bereken max 2�6 maks 2�6 OPTION 1/OPSIE 1: OPTION 2/OPSIE 2: Δm(C) = 14 - 4,44  (b) Δm(C) = 14 - 4,44  (b) = 9,56 g = 9,56 g m n(CO2)initially = m M n(C)used = 41,2 M = 9,56 44  (a) n(C) used = = 0,94 mol (0,936) 12  (c) m = 0,80 mol (0,797) n(C)used = M 9,56 n(CO2)used = n(C) n(C)used = 12  (c) = 0,80 mol (0,797)  (d) = 0,80 mol (0,797) n(CO2)used = n(C) m n(CO 2) = = 0,80 mol (0,797)  (d) M m n(CO2)eq = n(CO2)initially - n(CO2)used 0,80 = 44  (a) = 0,94 – 0,80  (e) m(CO2) = 35,05 g = 0,14 mol m m(CO2)eq = m(CO2)initially - m(CO2)used n(CO2) = M = 41,2 – 35,05  (e) m 0,14 = X = 6,15 (g)  (f) 44 X = m(CO2) = 6,16 (g)  (f) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 14 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne OPTION 3/OPSIE 3: m n(CO2)initially = 9,56 M n(C)used = 41,2 12  (c) = = 0,80 mol (0,797) 44  (a) = 0,94 mol (0,936) C CO2 Ratio/Verhouding 1 1 Initial quantity (mol) 1,17 0,936 Aanvangshoeveelheid (mol) Change (mol) 0,8 0,8  (d) Verandering (mol) Quantity at equilibrium (mol)/ 0,37  (b) 0,14  (e) Hoeveelheid by ewewig (mol) n(CO2) = 0,139 mol m(CO2) = 0,139 (44) X = 6,16 (g)  (f) (6) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 15 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne 6.4 POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTION 6.3: POSITIEWE NASIEN VANAF VRAAG 6.3: Marking criteria (a) Use of ratio n(CO2) : n(CO) = 1: 2.  (b) Divide by 3 dm3  (c) Correct Kc expression (formulae in square brackets).  (d) Substitute of concentration into KC expression.  (e) Final answer: 5,98  RANGE: 5,98 – 7,29 Nasienkriteria: (a) Gebruik verhouding n(CO2) : n(CO) = 1: 2.  (b) Deel deur 3 dm3  (c) Korrekte Kc uitdrukking (formules in vierkantige hakies).  (d) Vervang konsentrasies in korrekte Kc uitdrukking.  (e) Finale antwoord: 5,98  GEBIED: 5,98 – 7,29 NOTE/NOTA: Mark calculations of this question that may be done in QUESTION 6.3. Merk berekeninge van hierdie vraag wat in VRAAG 6.3 gedoen is. CALCULATIONS USING NUMBER OF MOLES BEREKENINGE WAT AANTAL MOL GEBRUIK OPTION 1/OPSIE 1: m n(CO2) initial = M 41,2 = 44 = 0,936 mol CO2 CO Ratio/Verhouding 1 2 Initial quantity (mol) 0,936 0 Aanvangshoeveelheid (mol) Change (mol)  (a) 0,8 1,6 Verandering (mol) Quantity at equilibrium (mol)/ 0,14 1,6 Hoeveelheid by ewewig (mol) Equilibrium concentration (mol∙dm-3) Divide by/deel 0,047 0,53 deur 3  (b) Ewewigskonsentrasie (mol∙dm-3) 2 [CO] (c) Kc = [CO2 ] Wrong Kc expression Verkeerde Kc-uitdrukking: Max./Maks. 2�5 (0,53)2 = (d No Kc expression/Geen Kc- uitdrukking: 4�5 0,047 = 5,98  (e) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 16 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne CALCULATIONS USING CONCENTRATION BEREKENINGE WAT KONSENTRASIE GEBRUIK OPTION 2/OPSIE 2: m n c(CO2) = c= MV Divide by V 41,2 3  (b) 0,8 = = (44)(3) 3 = 0,31 mol∙dm-3 = 0,27 mol∙dm-3 (0,267) CO2 CO Ratio/Verhouding 1 2 Initial concentration (mol∙dm-3) 0,31 0 Aanvangskonsentrasie (mol∙dm-3) Change in concentration (mol∙dm-3) 0,27 0,54  (a) Verandering in konsentrasie (mol∙dm-3) Equilibrium concentration (mol∙dm-3) 0,04 0,54 Ewewigskonsentrasie (mol∙dm-3) Wrong Kc expression [CO]2 (c) Kc = Verkeerde Kc-uitdrukking: Max./Maks. 2�5 [CO2 ] No Kc expression/Geen Kc- uitdrukking: 4�5 (0,54)2 (d) = 0,04 = 7,29  (e) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 17 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne OPTION 3/OPSIE 3: m n(CO2)initial = M 41,2 = 44 = 0,936 mol ∆n(CO2) = 0,8 mol n(CO2)eqm = n(CO2)initial - ∆n(CO2) = 0,936 - 0,8 = 0,136 mol  (a) n(CO)formed = 2∆n(CO2)used = 1,6 mol n(CO)eqm = ∆n(CO)formed = 1,6 mol 0,136 [CO2]eqm = = 4,53 x 10-2 mol∙dm-3 3 (b) 1,6 [CO]eqm = = 0,53 mol∙dm-3 3 2 (c) [CO] Kc = Wrong Kc expression [CO2 ] Verkeerde Kc-uitdrukking: Max./Maks. 2�5 (0,53)2 No Kc expression/Geen Kc- uitdrukking: 4�5 = (d 4,53 x 10-2 = 6,2  (e) (5) 6.5 Y  (2) 6.6 Remains the same/Bly dieselfde  (1) [19] Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 18 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne QUESTION 7/VRAAG 7 7.1 An acid produces hydrogen ions /H+/hydronium ions/ H3O+ in aqueous solution/water.  (2 or 0) 'n Suur is 'n stof wat waterstofione/H+/hidroniumione/H3O+ vorm in waterige oplossing/water. (2 of 0) (2) 7.2 7.2.1 (COOH)2  (1) 7.2.2 NaCℓ  (1) 7.2.3 HCO3̄  OR/OF NH3 (1) 7.2.4 NaOH  OR/OF Mg(OH)2 (2) 7.3 Marking criteria: Nasienkriteria: (a) Calculate n(HxY)  (a) Bereken n(HxY)  (b) Calculate n(NaOH)  (b) Bereken n(NaOH)  (c) Final answer: x = 2  (c) Finale antwoord: x = 2  (d) Reactants  Products  Balancing (d) Reaktanse Produkte Balansering NOTE: Ignore ⇌ and phases NOTA: Ignoreer ⇌ en fases Marking rule 6.3.10 Nasienreël 6.3.10 OPTION 1/OPSIE 1: OPTION 2/OPSIE 2: n = cV ca Va na nacid = (0,11)(0,02364)  (a) = cb Vb nb = 2,6 x 10-3 (a) (23,64)(0,11) 1 = nbase = (0,26)(0,02)  (b) (b)(20)(0,26) nb = 5,2 x 10-3 (0,0052) nb = 2 ∴ x = 2  (c) n(HxY) na = n(NaOH) nb -3 HxY : NaOH 2,6 x 10 1 2,6 x 10-3 : 5,2 x 10-3 = 5,2 x 10-3 nb 1:2 nb = 2 ∴ x = 2  (c) H2Y(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2Y (aq) + 2H2O(ℓ)  Bal  (d) (6) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 19 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne 7.4 Marking criteria: (a) Any formula: pH = -log[H3O+]/pH = -log[H+]/[H3O+] = 10-pH  (b) Substitute 1,61 in pH = -log[H3O+]  n (c) Calculate n(HCℓ)unused using c =  V n (d) Calculate n(HCℓ)initial using c =  V (e) Calculate n(HCℓ)used = n(HCℓ)initial - n(HCℓ)unused  (f) Using ratio 1:2 with USED HCℓ from of (e) to calculate n(CaCO3)  m (g) Substitute 100 AND n(CaCO3) from (f) in n =  M (h) Mass of impurity = msample – m(CaCO3)  (i) Final answer: 0,25 g  (Range: 0,2 g to 0,3 g) Nasienkriteria: (a) Enige formule: pH = - log[H3O+]/pH = - log[H+] /[H3O+] = 10-pH  (b) Vervang 1,61 in pH = -log[H3O+]  n (c) Bereken n(HCℓ)ongebruik using c =  V n (d) Bereken n(HCℓ)begin using c =  V (e) Bereken n(HCℓ)gebruik = n(HCℓ)begin - n(HCℓ)ongebruik  (f) Gebruik ratio 1:2 van HCℓ GEBRUIK van (e) om n(CaCO3) te bereken  m (g) Vervang 100 EN n(CaCO3) van (f) in n =  M (h) Massa of onsuiwerheid = mmonster – m(CaCO3)  (i) Finale antwoord: 0,25 g  (Gebied: 0,2 g tot 0,3 g) pH = -log[H3O+]  (a) (b)  1,61 = -log[H3O+] [H3O+] = 10-1,61 = 2,45 x 10-2 mol∙dm-3 (0,0245) n(HCℓ)unused = n(H3O+) = cV = (2,45 x 10-2)(0,2)  (c) = 4,9 x 10-3 mol (0,0049) n(HCℓ)initial = cV = (0,15)(0,2)  (d) = 3 x 10-2 mol (0,03) n(HCℓ)used = 3 x 10-2 – 4,9 x 10-3  (e) = 2,51 x 10-2 mol (0,0251) Reaction ratio nCaCO3: nHCℓ = 1:2  (f) n(CaCO3) = ½(2,51 x 10-2) = 1,25 x 10-2 mol m n(CaCO3) = M m 1,25 x 10-2 = 100  (g) m(CaCO3) = 1,25 g m of impurity in the sample = 1,5 – 1,25  (h) = 0,25 g  (i) (9) [22] Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 20 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne QUESTION 8/VRAAG 8 8.1 H+/H3O+ ions/hydrogen ions/hydronium ions/oxonium ions  Waterstofione/hidroniumione/oksoniumione (1) 8.2 0,77 V  (1) 8.3 A (1) - 8.4 H2 is a stronger reducing agent than Fe2+/Fe(II) ions  and will reduce Fe3+/Fe(III) ions  (to Fe2+/Fe(II) ions). - H2 is 'n sterker reduseermiddel as Fe2+/Fe(II)-ione en sal Fe3+/Fe(III)-ione reduseer (na Fe2+/Fe(II)-ione). OR/OF - Fe2+-ion is a weaker reducing agent than H2 and therefore Fe3+/Fe(III) ions (to Fe2+/Fe(II) ions) will be reduced.  - Fe2+-ioon is 'n swakker reduseermiddel as H2 en sal Fe3+/Fe(III)-ione reduseer (na Fe2+/Fe(II)-ione). (3) 8.5 8.5.1 Pt/Platinum  (1) 8.5.2 H2  2H+ + 2e-  NOTE/NOTA: • 2H+ + 2e- ← H2 ( 2 ) 2 H2 ⇌ 2H+ + 2e- 1 ( ) 2 2H + 2e ⇌ H2 ( ) + - 0 2 2H + 2e  H2 ( ) + - 0 2 • Ignore if charge omitted on electron./Ignoreer indien lading weggelaat op elektron. • If charge (+) omitted on H+/Indien lading (+) weggelaat op H+: Example/Voorbeeld: H2  2H + 2e- Max/Maks: 1 2 (2) 8.5.3    Pt(s) | H2(g) | H+(aq) || Fe3+(aq),Fe2+(aq) | Pt(s) OR/OF Pt(s) | H2(g) | H+(1 mol∙dm-3) || Fe3+(1 mol∙dm-3),Fe2+(1 mol∙dm-3) | Pt(s) ACCEPT/AANVAAR: Pt | H2 | H+ || Fe3+,Fe2+ | Pt (3) 8.6 The reaction reaches equilibrium/no charges/electrons flow.  Die reaksie bereik ewewig/geen ladings/elektrone vloei. (1) [13] Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 21 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne QUESTION 9/VRAAG 9 9.1 ANY ONE: • The (chemical) process in which electrical energy is converted to chemical energy.  (2 or 0) • The use of electrical energy to produce a chemical change. • Decomposition of an ionic compound by means of electrical energy. • The process during which an electric current passes through a solution/ionic liquid/molten ionic compound. ENIGE EEN: • Die (chemiese) proses waarin elektriese energie omgeskakel word na chemiese energie.  (2 of 0) • Die gebruik van elektriese energie om 'n chemiese verandering teweeg te bring. • Ontbinding van 'n ioniese verbinding met behulp van elektriese energie. • Die proses waardeur 'n elektriese stroom deur 'n oplossing/ioniese vloeistof/gesmelte ioniese verbinding beweeg. (2) 9.2 2H2O(ℓ) + 2e-  H2(g) + 2OH¯(aq)  NOTE/NOTA: • H2(g) + 2OH¯(aq) ← 2H2O(ℓ) + 2e- ( 2 ) 2 • 2H2O(ℓ) + 2e ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH¯(aq) ( 1 ) - 2 • H2(g) + 2OH¯(aq) ⇌ 2H2O(ℓ) + 2e ( - 0 ) 2 • 2H2O(ℓ) + 2e- ← H2(g) + 2OH¯(aq) ( 0 ) 2 • Ignore if charge omitted on electron./Ignoreer indien lading weggelaat op elektron. • If charge (-) omitted on OH¯ /Indien lading (-) weggelaat op OH¯ Example/Voorbeeld: 2H2O(ℓ) + 2e-  H2(g) + 2OH(aq)  Max./Maks: 1 2 • Ignore phases/Ignoreer fases (2) 9.3 X to Y/X tot Y  (1) Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief

Physical Sciences P2/Fisiese Wetenskappe V2 22 DBE/May/June/Mei/Junie 2025 SC/NSC/SS/NSS – Marking Guidelines/Nasienriglyne 9.4 Marking criteria: Nasienkriteria: (a) Substitute 300 x 10-3 and 24 dm3 into (a) Vervang 300 x 10-3 en 24 dm3 in V V n=  n=  Vm Vm (b) Using ratio 1:2 to calculate n(e-)  (b) Gebruik verhouding 1:2 om n(e-) te (c) Substitute 6,02 x 1023 mol-1 in bereken  N (c) Vervang 6,02 x 1023 mol-1 in n=  NA N n=  (d) Final correct answer: NA 1,505 x 1022 electrons  (d) Finale korrekte antwoord: Range: 1,505 x 10 to 2,41 x 10 22 22 1,505 x 1022 elektrone  electrons Gebied: 1,505 x 1022 tot 2,41 x 1022 elektrone OPTION 1/OPSIE 1: OPTION 2/OPSIE 2: V V n (Cℓ2) = n (Cℓ2) = Vm Vm 300 × 10-3 300 × 10-3 = (a) = (a) 24 24 = 0,0125 mol (0,01) = 0,0125 mol (0,01) n(e-) = 2n(Cℓ2) N n (Cℓ2) = = 2(0,0125) (b) NA = 0,025 mol N 0,0125 = 6,02 x 1023 (c) N n (e-) = N = 7,525 x 1021 (Cℓ2) NA N N(e-) = 2n(Cℓ2) 0,025 = 23 (c) 6,02 x 10 = 2(7,525 x 1021) (b) N = 1,505 x 1022 (electrons) (d) = 1,505 x 1022 (electrons) (d) (4) [9] TOTAL/TOTAAL: 150 Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou