Geography Grade 11 P1 Eastern Cape November 2017 Memo (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2017 GEOGRAPHY P1 MARKING GUIDELINE This marking guideline consists of 13 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY – THE ATMOSPHERE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B√ 1.1.2 G√ 1.1.3 D√ 1.1.4 A√ 1.1.5 C√ 1.1.6 F√ 1.1.7 E√ (7 x 1) (7) 1.2 1.2.1 Crest √ 1.2.2 Talus √ 1.2.3 Pediment √ 1.2.4 Knickpoint √ 1.2.5 Escarp √ 1.2.6 Escarp √ 1.2.7 Crest √ 1.2.8 Escarp √ (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) GEOGRAPHY P1 3 1.3 1.3.1 A – Ferrell / Mid-Latitude cell √ B – Hadley / Tropical cell √ (2 x 1) (2) 1.3.2 Occurs within the mid-latitudes, between 30° and 60° north and south √ Air sinks at 30° and rises at 60° in this cell √ (Any ONE) (1 x1) (1) 1.3.3 The ITCZ is situated over the Tropic of Cancer. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.4 (a) Tropical easterlies / Trade winds √ (1 x 1) (1) (b) In the southern hemisphere, deviation of winds is to your left as air moves from a high pressure to a low pressure √√ OR In the northern hemisphere, deviation of winds is to your right as air moves from a high pressure to a low pressure √√ (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.5 The wind originates in the southern hemisphere, with deviation to the left, as it crosses the equator it deviates to the right √√ (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.6 (a) ITCZ √ (1 x 1) (1) (b) Heavy moisture laden tropical easterlies converge at the ITCZ/equatorial low. √√ Intensive heating causes rapid rising of air and subsequent condensation and the formation of clouds with a large vertical extent. √√ (2 x 2) (4) 1.4 1.4.1 Isobars √ (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 1020 hPa √ (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 C – Saddle√ D – Low pressure √ (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.4 ITCZ has moved southwards, because the south Atlantic and south Indian high pressure systems are close to the land √ Interior of the country experience high temperatures √ (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.5 (a) South √ (1 x 1) (1) (b) Pressure gradient established√√, because of the high pressure over the ocean and low pressure over the land √√ As air starts to move from high to low, √√ Coriolis force starts to influence the direction. √√ The wind starts to deflect to the left √√ according to Ferrell’s law √√ and thus causes southerly winds instead of westerly winds at the weather stations √√ (Any FOUR – Explanation is important) (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 1.5 1.5.1 Horizontally layered sedimentary rock √ (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 It is steep and terraced. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.3 The slopes consists of alternating soft and hard layered rock √√ The harder layers are difficult to erode and cause steep cliffs √√ The softer layers are easier to erode and cause more gentler slopes. √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.4 (a) Headward erosion √ (1 x 1) (1) (b) The layers under the top layer are less resistant √√ Repeated undercutting into the softer layers will eventually cause the harder upper layer to tumble in √√ Repetitive undercutting and tumbling in, will eventually form a gorge √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.5 The river is too deep for any use in agriculture √√ The steep slopes make the construction of dams possible if the water can be directed to other areas √√ (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) 1.6 1.6.1 Laccolith √ (1 x 1) (1) 1.6.2 It consists of massive igneous rocks √ It has a mushroom shape √ It is connected to the magma chamber through a pipe √ (2 x 1) (2) (a) Exfoliation √ (1 x 1) (1) (b) Expansion during the day and contraction during the night √√ Repeating of this process, will later cause the top layers of the rock to slide off √√ (2 x 2) (4) 1.6.4 In stage 1, a massive amount of magma moves to the surface, and the pressure of this movement is causes the layered rocks to bend upwards. √√ In stage 2, the molten magma solidifies and causes a laccolite √√ During stage 3, the upper softer layers are being removed through weathering and erosion. √√ In stage 4, the upper softer layers have been eroded away and exposes this hard resistant dome to the earth’s surface. √√ (4 x 2) (8) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) GEOGRAPHY P1 5 QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 low √ 2.1.2 Indian √ 2.1.3 Tropic of cancer √ 2.1.4 June to September √ 2.1.5 southwest √ 2.1.6 tropical √ 2.1.7 macro √ 2.1.8 floods √ (8 x 1) (8) 2.2 2.2.1 tectonic activity √ 2.2.2 bad lands √ 2.2.3 conical hill √ 2.2.4 basalt plateau √ 2.2.5 butte √ 2.2.6 mesa √ 2.2.7 cap rock √ (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 2.3 2.3.1 A – Chinook √ B – Föhn √ (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.2 windward √ (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 On the windward side of the mountains, condensation occurs and moisture is released in the form of precipitation √√ As the wind rises and moves over the mountain, more moisture is released and eventually becomes drier √√ On the leeward side, descending air causes the last available moisture to evaporate as it heats up √√ With descending air on the leeward side, there is no condensation √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.4 Chinook The warm air melts the snow during winter √√ This allows for agricultural activities to proceed as water is available √√ It also causes more pleasant working conditions during the colder months √√ Melting snow may also cause floods √√ Föhn The intense heat over central Europe makes people lazy and sick √√ The physical dehydration of people influences production negatively √√ Droughts / dry up agricultural land √√ Fires on agricultural land √√ (Any FOUR – Conditions on both continents must be discussed) (4 x 2) (8) 2.4 2.4.1 Maritime tropical air √ (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 The mT air of Port Nolloth is influenced by cold waters √ The mT air of Durban is influenced by warm waters √ (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.3 Cold currents reduce temperatures and rainfall √√ Warm currents cause higher temperatures and rainfall √√ (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.4 During July the ITCZ moves northwards and the apparent direct sunrays are in the northern hemisphere, therefore temperatures are lower √√ During January the ITCZ moves southwards and the direct sunrays are over tropic of Capricorn, hence the higher temperatures √√ (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Bloemfontein is situated inland, with the land influencing the temperature √√ Land heats up quicker than water and also releases heat faster √√ Land’s albedo effect is very low, and therefore absorbs most of the heat √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) GEOGRAPHY P1 7 2.5 2.5.1 A – Cuesta √ B – Homoclinal ridge / Hogsback √ (1 + 1) (2) 2.5.2 (a) Retreat of the scarp slope without the height decreasing (1 x 1) (1) (b) Westerly/westwards √ (1 x 1) (1) (c) Undercutting will occur at the less resistant rocks, which is on the eastern side of the landforms √√ (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.3 Cuestas Cuestas have a gentler dip slope √√ Agricultural activities are possible if contour ploughing is practiced √√ Settlements can develop, because infrastructure, like roads, railway lines, power lines, etc. can be constructed √√ Homoclinal ridge/Hogback Homoclinal ridges have a very steep dip slope √√ Normal human activities are either impossible or very difficult and expensive √√ Dip slopes of homoclinal ridges are sometimes used for forestry purposes √√ (Any FOUR) (4 x 2) (8) 2.6 2.6.1 Soil creep √ (1 x 1) (1) 2.6.2 Leaning poles / fences √ Curved growth pattern of trees √ Broken retaining wall √ Terraced slope √ (Any TWO) (2x 1) (2) 2.6.3 (a) 1cm per year √ (1 x 1) (1) (b) Wetting and drying of the sand grains √√ Heating and cooling of the sand grain √√ (2 x 2) (4) (c) Higher rainfall will increase movement, as extensive expanding and contracting will take place √√ The steeper the slope, the faster soil will move down the slope √√ (2 x 2) (4) 2.6.4 Steeper slopes can be sprayed or covered with cement √√ Retaining walls can be built to stabilise a slope √√ Highly fractured rocks can be solidified by emplacing rock bolts on to it √√ Drainage pipes could be inserted into the slope to allow for quicker draining of the water out of the soil √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) SECTION B: DEVELOPMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 E√ 3.1.2 G√ 3.1.3 A√ 3.1.4 H√ 3.1.5 C√ 3.1.6 I√ 3.1.7 B√ 3.1.8 D√ (8 x 1) (8) 3.2 3.2.1 Parent rock √ 3.2.2 R-horizon √ 3.2.3 C-horizon √ 3.2.4 O-horizon √ 3.2.5 A-horizon √ 3.2.6 R-horizon √ 3.2.7 Rainfall √ (7 x 1) (7) 3.3 3.3.1 Human Development Index √ (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 GDP/Capita √ Literacy (Education) √ Life Expectancy √ (Any ONE) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 (a) Developed countries – Y √√ Developing countries – X √√ (2 x 2) (4) (b) The Gini-coefficient refers to the unequal distribution of wealth in countries, therefore only concentrates on economic development. √√ The HDI combines social and economic indicators to differentiate between developed and developing countries √√ Both indicators provide a number out of I, but the HDI indicates a number nearest to 1 as more developed, whereas the Gini’s nearest to 1, indicates very poor and unequal distribution of wealth √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) GEOGRAPHY P1 9 3.3.4 The population is still young and is an economic burden to the country √√ Youth cannot enter into work sectors √√ High population growth will put more pressure on human and natural resources √√ Overcrowded schools leads to poor education and low skills levels, which have a negative influence on productivity in the future √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 3.4 3.4.1 The balance between a country’s imports and exports √ (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) 3.4.2 (a) The box of the imports is bigger √ The person is struggling to hold on to exports, implying that less exports occur √ (Any ONE) (1 x 1) (1) (b) Quotas √ Embargoes √ Subsidies for farmers to produce more products √ Tariffs on goods √ (Any TWO) (2 x 1) (2) 3.4.3 Better trade relationships will be established √√ No restrictions on certain goods √√ Products will be exported at a fair price to other countries √√ More production of agreed products to the world market √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 3.4.4 It will build stronger international relationships √√ Countries will earn foreign exchange √√ Improved employment opportunities √√ Better industrialisation and import replacement √√ It will reduce poverty √√ Trade helps with capacity building √√ Infrastructure will be developed and upgraded √√ Multiplier effect will take effect, where one development will lead to the development of other sectors √√ (Any FOUR) (4 x 2) (8) 3.5 3.5.1 Lighting √ (1 x 1) (1) 3.5.2 Population increase will increase energy consumption √ (1 x 1) (1) 3.5.3 More households use electricity √√ Bigger percentage of South Africa’s households are connected to the electrical grid √√ (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 3.5.4 More financial expenses on the expansion of the energy grid and the building of power stations √√ Pressure on current energy supply causes load shedding, which retards economic growth √√ Extraction of more coal will exhaust the resource much quicker, with job losses and decrease in exports √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 3.5.5 Switch off lights in rooms where nobody is around √√ Shower rather than bath √√ Decrease the hot water cylinder setting by 5ºC √√ Use heaters only when necessary, instead wear warm cloths √√ Use solar power panels √√ Change the bulbs to higher efficiency, lower watt bulbs √√ Don’t make the water kettle too full, only boil the amount needed √√ Wash clothes in cold water rather than hot water √√ Use the washing line rather than the tumble dryer √√ Use few ornamental lights √√ Open the fridge door less √√ (Any FOUR) (4 x 2) (8) 3.6 3.6.1 Thermal energy/ Use of coal √ (1 x 1) (1) 3.6.2 The resource being used by the industries is a non-renewable resource. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 3.6.3 (a) Carbon dioxide √ Carbon monoxide √ Nitrogen oxide √ (Any ONE) (1 x 1) (1) (b) Global warming √ Acid rain √ (2 x 1) (2) 3.6.4 People continually use a non-renewable resource √√ Extracting the resource causes environmental harm √√ Ecosystems and habitat are destroyed √√ The gasses being emitted cause climate change √√ Biodiversity is destroyed √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 3.6.5 It is a huge provider of employment √√ South Africa has a lot of coal reserves and it earns foreign exchange √√ Coal forms the basis of other industries like soap manufacturing, Sasol, etc. √√ It is relatively cheap to extract and cheap to generate power, therefore industries pay lower prices for energy compared to other parts of the world. √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) GEOGRAPHY P1 11 QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1 Core-periphery model √ 4.1.2 Sustainable development model √ 4.1.3 Rostow’s model √ 4.1.4 Core-periphery model √ 4.1.5 Rostow’s model √ 4.1.6 Sustainable development model √ 4.1.7 Core-periphery model √ (7 x 1) (7) 4.2 4.2.1 Renewable √ 4.2.2 Non-renewable √ 4.2.3 Renewable √ 4.2.4 Renewable √ 4.2.5 Renewable √ 4.2.6 Non-renewable √ 4.2.7 Non-renewable √ 4.2.8 Non-renewable √ (8 x 1) (8) 4.3 4.3.1 Process where community members come together to take collective action to enhance development √ (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) 4.3.2 Socio-economic development of impoverished communities √ Significantly improves the well-being of households in rural communities √ (2 x 1) (2) 4.3.3 It is presented to many households throughout Southern Africa √√ All community members are invited to attend √√ Training covers several modules on homestead agriculture and food security √√ (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) 4.3.4 Monitoring makes sure that the skills acquired are correctly implemented √√ It makes sure that participants in the programmes can confront any challenge √√ (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 4.3.5 It helps with agricultural expansion √√ It centres around the development of human resources √√ It enhances organising and develops administrative skills √√ Helps with the understanding of health care and health services √√ Helps with nation building √√ It improves infrastructure and modern technology usage √√ It increases the standard of living and empowers women √√ (Any THREE) (3 x 2) (6) 4.4 4.4.1 Multilateral √ (1 x 1) (1) 4.4.2 More than one organisation (different people) are providing aid √ (1 x 1) (1) 4.4.3 The aid only provides a temporary solution to the problem, but does not have a long-term benefit for the community √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.4 (a) Humanitarian aid √ (1 x 1) (1) (b) The picture depicts a very dry environment, therefore aid during drought-stricken times √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.5 It can increase the rate of economic growth √√ Helps with the development of resources and provision of energy √√ Encourages and helps to implement appropriate technical systems √√ Provides employment in new industries √√ Reduces the need for certain imported goods √√ Helps with agricultural production through the use of modern technology √√ Provides primary health care like the provision of injection programs and the training of nurses √√ Helps with family planning √√ Provides students with bursaries to study abroad √√ Provides technical assistance to governments that implement development programs √√ Can also help to protect human rights and dignity √√ (Any FOUR) (4 x 2) (8) 4.5 4.5.1 Wind energy √ (1 x 1) (1) 4.5.2 It kills birds √ It’s not always available √ (2 x 1) (2) 4.5.3 No coal or water is being used √√ No emissions of greenhouse gasses, thus it does not contribute to global warming √√ There are no poisonous or dangerous waste products √√ The area beneath the windmills can be used for the cultivation of crops √√ Farmers can get rental money from the wind power utility company √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) GEOGRAPHY P1 13 4.5.4 (a) When more environmentally friendly energy sources is used to generate electricity √√ (1 x 2) (2) (b) New machinery has to be manufactured, which leads to increased job opportunities √√ Non-conventional energy can be generated in smaller areas and regions, uplifting the economy of remote areas √√ Increased usage of non-conventional energy will lower the price of fossil fuel, which might benefit South Africa √√ (3 x 2) (6) 4.6 4.6.1 When we use the resource in such a way that future generations can also benefit from the same resource √ (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) 4.6.2 Recycle is when a resource is used to make other products, whereas Reuse refers to the use of a resource more than once without destroying it √√ (1 x2) (2) 4.6.3 Creates job opportunities and self-employed opportunities √√ New machines and facilities broaden the skills and knowledge levels of workers √√ Less use of products, save a lot of money for individuals, which can be used somewhere else. √√ (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 4.6.4 It reduces landfill waste √√ Conserves natural resources √√ Saves forests and other natural habitats √√ Reduces energy consumption √√ Decreases pollution and global warming √√ (Any FOUR) (4 x 2) (8) [75] GRAND TOTAL: 225 Copyright reserved Please turn over