Geography Grade 12 P1 Eastern Cape Mock 2013 Memo (English)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Province of the EASTERN CAPE EDUCATION NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2013 GEOGRAPHY P1 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 300 This memorandum consists of 14 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 GEOGRAPHY P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: CLIMATE AND WEATHER, FLUVIAL PROCESSES AND STRUCTURAL LANDFORMS QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 True √√ (2) 1.1.2 False √√ (2) 1.1.3 True √√ (2) 1.1.4 False √√ (2) 1.1.5 True √√ (2) 1.1.6 True √√ (2) 1.1.7 True √√ (2) 1.1.8 False √√ (2) 1.1.9 False √√ (2) 1.1.10 True √√ (2) 1.2 1.2.1 A – Hadley Cell/Tropical cell √ B – Ferrel Cell/Mid-latitude cell √ C – Polar cell √ (3 x 1) (3) 1.2.2 To bring about a balance between temperature and air pressure. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 1.2.3 The Ferrel Cell √√ South Africa lies along the 30° S latitude and the Ferrel cell originates between 30° – 60° N/S. √√ (2 x 2) (4) 1.2.4  Air rises from the 60° latitude and flows towards the tropics. √√  And descends near 30° latitude and flows back to the 60° latitudes where it meets cold air from the polar region. √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.2.5 Condition: Thunderstorms at the equator. √ Reason: Because of rising air. √√ High temperatures √√ High humidity levels √√ OR Condition: Dry conditions at 30° N/S. √ Reason: Because of sinking air. √√ (Any 1 + 2) (3) 1.3 1.3.1  Mid-latitude cyclone √√  Cold front √√  Bergwind conditions √√  Low temperature √√  Date/month of June √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 A – South Indian High √ B – Coastal low √ C – South Atlantic High √ D – Ridge √ (4 x 1) (4)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) GEOGRAPHY P1 3 1.3.3 Mid-latitude cyclone/temperate cyclone/extra tropical cyclone √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 cyclone family √ (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.5 West to east/easterly/eastward √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.3.6 Mature stage √ (1)  Wave has deepened/intensified √√  Cold front, warm front, warm sector and cold sector is fully developed √√  Pressure at centre is below 1 000 hPa √√ (Any 1 x 2)(2) (3) 1.3.7 westerlies √ (1 x 1) (1) 1.4 1.4.1 A – katabatic wind √ B – anabatic wind √ (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.2 Valley A – at night cold air sinks to the valley bottom √√ OR Valley B – during the day warm air rises up the slope √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.4.3 Frost √ (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.4 Warm north-facing slope in the southern hemisphere √ (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.5 A – occur during the night/when slopes cool of through earth radiation √√ Downslope wind √√ OR B – occur during the day/when slopes are heated through insolation √√ Upslope wind (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.4.6 Cold air sinks at night to the bottom of the valley and forces the warm air within the valley to rise. √√ OR Temperature inversion – increase in temperature with an increase in height √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.4.7  Citrus farming on the valley floor because the cold conditions suits maturing of the crops and destroy insect pests. √√  The temperature damages and kills the crops. √√  Only frost resistant crops are suitable for this area √√  Tubers can be grown in this cold conditions √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.5 1.5.1 1 – large √ 2 – small √ (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.2 1 – bare √ 2 – plant cover √ (2 x 1) (2)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 GEOGRAPHY P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) 1.5.3 1 – steep √ 2 – gentle √ (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.4 1 – Impermeable √ 2 – Permeable √ (2 x 1) (2) 1.6 1.6.1 When one river captures the headwaters of another river √√ (1 x 2) (2) 1.6.2  The volume of water in the captor river increases √√  and it gains more energy and eroding power √√ (2 x 2) (4) 1.6.3 (a) C√ (1) (b) A√ (1) (c) B√ (1) 1.7 1.7.1 A – mesa √ B – butte √ C – cuesta/dip slope/homoclinal ridge √ D – dome √ E – granite boulders/tors/rock castle √ (5 x 1) (5) 1.7.2  Igneous rock √  Massive igneous rock √  Resistant to erosion √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 1.7.3 A – large/wide flat-topped hill or ridge √√ B – small/narrow flat-topped hill or ridge √√ (1 x 2) (2) 1.7.4 CREST√√ CLIFF √√ TALLUS √√ PEDIMENT √√ (8) 1.7.5 B – horizontal rock layers √ C – inclined rock layers √ (2 x 1) (2) 1.7.6 Barrier to communication √√ Costly to develop √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.7.7  Dams constructed at top of dome as water is easily trapped and flows under the influence of gravity √√  Lower slopes used for cultivation √√  Tourist attraction √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) [100]

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) GEOGRAPHY P1 5 QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 steep √√ (2) 2.1.2 clockwise √√ (2) 2.1.3 right √√ (2) 2.1.4 parallel √√ (2) 2.1.5 summer √√ (2) 2.1.6 headward erosion √√ (2) 2.1.7 pediplain √√ (2) 2.1.8 turbulent flow √√ (2) 2.1.9 undergraded √√ (2) 2.1.10 lopolith √√ (2) 2.2 2.2.1 northern √√ (1 x 2) (2) 2.2.2 East to west/westerly √√ driven by easterlies/tradewinds √√ (2 x 2) (4) 2.2.3 (a) eye √√ (1 x 2) (2) (b)  Upward spiralling movement of air creates an artificial wall around the centre √√  This prevents surface air from rising √√  Hence there is no condensation and cloud development in the eye √√  The chimney is associated with subsidence of air √√  Subsiding air also prevents the surface air from rising √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) (c) Lowest/below 1000 hPa/mb/very low √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 2.2.4  A warm extensive ocean surface temperature above 27 °C √√  Light and variable winds √√  Atmospheric instability √√  A small area of low pressure with some closed isobars √√  An undisturbed period of several days √√  Some upper air trigger action/removal of air aloft √√ (Any 3 x 2) (6) 2.2.5 (a) Environment  Strong wind causes flooding √√  Flooding destroys coastal areas √√  Heavy rains and flooding increase erosion of agricultural land √√  Silt is washed into dams that decrease their water holding capacity √√ (Any reasonable answer) (Any 1 x 2) (2)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 GEOGRAPHY P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) (b) Economy  Bridges and roads are damaged √√  Cost of replacing damaged infrastructure is high √√  Less yields and food shortages √√  Financial burden to the economy is great because of the import of food √√  Financial resources are used for repairing infrastructure √√  Huge losses for insurance companies √√ (Any reasonable answer) (Any 2 x 2) (4) 2.3 2.3.1 8:00 – 9:00 √√ (1 x 2) Reason:  Subsiding cold air over city traps and prevents pollutants from rising √√  Low temperature at night produce inversion conditions preventing polluted air from escaping √√  High level of pollutants released by cars and industries during start of the work day √√ (Any 1 x 2) (4) 2.3.2 14:00 – 15:00 √√ (1 x 2) Reason:  Warm air over the city rises due to heating √√  Cold wind blows in from rural areas and disperse polluted warm air √√ (Any 1 x 2) (4) 2.3.3  Smoke from factories generate artificial heat √√  Smoke pollution trap heat in the city √√  Higher levels of carbon and other gases in the air above the city will also trap heat above the city √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 2.3.4 High temperatures in Tshwane (city) and lower temperatures in Faerie Glen (surrounding rural area) √√ (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.5  Respiratory diseases e.g. asthma √  Skin irritations and allergies/skin disorders √  Heat stress results in heat ailments √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.4 2.4.1 P – radial/centrifugal/spider √ Q – rectangular √ R – dendritic √ (3 x 1) (3) 2.4.2 Massive igneous rock √ (1) Dome raised √√ Streams flow outwards √√ (Any 1 x 2) (3) 2.4.3 3/Three √√ (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.4 1/One √√ (1 x 2) (2)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) GEOGRAPHY P1 7 2.4.5  Gentle slope √√  Low rainfall √√  High rock porosity √√  High rock permeability √√  Dense vegetation √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 2.4.6  Stream volume at 3 will increase resulting in flooding √√  Stream at 3 will bridge the meander loop √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 2.5 2.5.1 Meandering √ (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2  Lower course/middle course √  It forms where the gradient is gentle √ (1 + 1) (2) 2.5.3 (a) 2√ (1 x 1) (1) (b) 1√ (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.4  Arrows labelled 3 √ (1)  Where the river erodes √  Where the river has the most energy √ (Any 1) (2) 2.5.5 A-A = 2 √ B-B = 1 √ C-C = 3 √ (3 x 1) (3) 2.6 2.6.1 Landslide √√ (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.2  Prolonged rainfall √√  Building on the slope √√  Water and sewerage seeps into the ground √√  Removal of vegetation √√  Excavation √√  Steep slope √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 2.6.3  Re-grade the slopes and loading the base √√  Provide adequate drainage to prevent the slope washing away by running water on the surface √√  Plant vegetation cover to reduce runoff √√  Construct walls, ground anchors, nuts and bolts, etc. √√  Terracing the slope √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 2.6.4  Bury communities, death and injury to people √√  Cover soils to prevent loss of farming soil √√  Destroy trees and crops √√  Block rivers with temporary walls/dam wall breaks causing flooding. √√  Disruption of communications/destroy bridges √√  Subsidence can damage buildings √√  Break pipelines carrying gas or electricity √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) [100]

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 GEOGRAPHY P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) SECTION B: PEOPLE AND PLACES, PEOPLE AND THEIR NEEDS, WATER AND FOOD SECURITY QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 A √√ Urban expansion (2) 3.1.2 C √√ Urban ribbon development (2) 3.1.3 B √√ Urban profile (2) 3.1.4 B √√ Land restitution (2) 3.1.5 D √√ nucleated (2) 3.1.6 B √√ Raw material industries (2) 3.1.7 C √√ Lesotho Highland project. (2) 3.1.8 D √√ Saldanha Bay. (2) 3.1.9 C √√ genetically modified foods. (2) 3.1.10 C √√ livestock and crop farming. (2) 3.2 3.2.1 A – nucleated/clustered √ B – dispersed/isolated √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2.2  Stock farming/Cattle √  Crop farming/Cultivation √ (2 x 1) (2) 3.2.3 Social  Safety – people live together and support and protect each other √√  Exchange ideas, skills and information √√  Social contact between farms √√ (Any 1 x 2) Economic  Basic services provided √√  Save money by sharing of farm implements √√ (Any 1 x 2) (4) 3.2.4  The settlement is situated in the southern hemisphere and north-facing √√  Aspect – slopes are warmer since they receive direct rays of the sun √√ (2 x 2) (4) 3.2.5  Cattle paths/foot paths – compacted soil √  Overgrazing √  Removal of natural vegetation √  Steep slopes √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2.6  Farming on the banks of the river √√  Water available for irrigation √√  Land is flat/gentle slope √√  Soil/silt is fertile √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 3.3 3.3.1.  Less congestion/more accessible √√  More parking space √√  Greater safety √√  Greater variety√√  Under one roof √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) GEOGRAPHY P1 9 3.3.2 Circular √√ (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 Sector model √ (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.4 Rural-urban fringe √ (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.5  It is found on the outskirts of the city √√  No congestion √√  Enough space for expansion √√  Near roads √√  Close to greenbelt √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 3.3.6 FACTORS THAT FAVOURS  Along transport route√√  Land price is cheaper √√  Close to labour √√  Away from CBD √√  Other reasonable answers (Any 3 x 2) (6) PROBLEMS  Pollution √√  Away from railway line √√  Decline in land value of surrounding area √√  Other reasonable answers (Any 3 x 2) (6) (12) 3.4 3.4.1 Food security is a reliable supply of food for a country and its citizens. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 3.4.2  Target beneficiaries are more at risk of experiencing food insecurity √√  Women and children in rural areas are more at risk of being effected by HIV/Aids √√  While men are often the breadwinners, women and children often do not have a source of income √√  Women and children lack the skills for farming √√  Child-headed households often have no source of income √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 3.4.3  Encourage people to grow their own food or produce their own eggs, milk or meat √√  Supporting rural development schemes by providing supplies or equipment √√  Creating employment opportunities or ways of generating income √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 3.4.4  Use water from the nearby river/ Orange River √  Groundwater which is pumped from boreholes √  Collect and store rain water √√ (3 x 1) (3)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 GEOGRAPHY P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) 3.5 3.5.1 2003 √√ (1 x 2) (2) 3.5.2 The formal sector created more jobs √√ Industrial growth √√ Growth of the economy √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 3.5.3 Informal sector is informal trading businesses with no fixed business premises and do not pay tax to the receiver of revenue √√ (1 x 2) (2) 3.5.4 No √ (1)  No job security √√  The retailing and personal services that this sector provides are not a sustainable means of generating income √√  They sell products that are not sustainable resources √√ (Any 1 x 2)(2) (3) 3.5.5  Spaza shops √  Street vendors √  Shoe repairs √  Shoe cleaning √  Hairdressers at home √ (Any 2 x1) (2) 3.6 3.6.1  Rivers/catchment areas√  Dams √  Wetlands √  Groundwater √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.6.2  Increasing population √  Urbanisation √  Industrialisation √  Wasteful use of water √  Water pollution √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.6.3 REASONS FOR WATER SHORTAGES  The supply of water as a renewable resource is uneven √√  South Africa is a semi-arid region with below average rainfall √√  Rainfall is uneven and irregular as the west side receives less rain than the east √√  There are only a few big rivers and many rivers are non- perennial √√ (3 x 2)(6)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) GEOGRAPHY P1 11 WATER MANAGEMENT  Protecting vegetation in catchment areas and on river banks √√  Removing water-guzzling invasive alien plants √√  Protect wetlands which control floods and filter water √√  Building dams to store water and regulate the flow of water √√  Long term planning to meet the growing water demands √√  Develop innovative technologies such as water harvesting and water recycling √√  Introduce appropriate water pricing systems to control use√√ (3 x 2)(6) (12) [100] QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1 wet point √√ (2) 4.1.2 linear √√ (2) 4.1.3 break-of-bulk point √√ (2) 4.1.4 range √√ (2) 4.1.5 site √√ (2) 4.1.6 balance of payment √√ (2) 4.1.7 greenfield sites √√ (2) 4.1.8 import substitution √√ (2) 4.1.9 socio-economic injustice √√ (2) 4.1.10 multinational corporations √√ (2) 4.2 4.2.1 The area is flat allowing for easy construction of infrastructure. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.2  They want to live away from the urban areas √√  They want to enjoy peace and quiet on the farm √√  Many want to enjoy being close to nature √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 4.2.3 ADVANTAGE  Increase in revenue √√  Create jobs √√  Reduces rural depopulation √√  Will meet people√√ (Any 1 x 2)(2) DISADVANTAGE  Reduces area available for farming/food production √√  Interest will shift away from farming √√  Resulting in a shortage of agricultural space √√ (Any 1 x 2)(2) (4)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) 4.2.4 EFFECT OF CATTLE DISEASES  Outbreak of cattle diseases will lead to isolation of area √√  Cattle die and the economy suffer huge financial losses √√  Trade between the region and the rest of the country will be halted √√. (Any 2 x 2)(4) EFFECT OF VELDFIRES  Natural vegetation destroyed √√  Animal feed to be bought/farming become more costly √√  Province can declare the area as a natural disaster area √√ (Any 1 x 2)(2) WAYS TO ASSIST FARMERS  Compensate farmers for losses from a natural disaster fund √√  Seek foreign assistance for aid e.g. World Bank √√  Release funds even on a local level √√  Provide farmers with stock feed √√ (Any 3 x 2)(6) (12) 4.3 4.3.1 CBD √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.3.2 Tall buildings √√ High building density √√ (2 x 2) (4) 4.3.3 Commercial decentralisation √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.3.4 Sphere of influence will decrease √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.3.5  Zone of change√√  Zone of decay √√  Mixed zone √√  Twilight zone √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 4.3.6  Houses are old √√  Social decay √√  Overcrowding √√  Crime √√  Congestion √√  Pollution √√  Expensive land √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.3.7  Empty buildings occupied by vagrants √√  Landlords do not maintain services √√  High rent – tenants cannot pay and move out √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (SEPTEMBER 2013) GEOGRAPHY P1 13 4.3.8  Prevent uncontrolled urban expansion/urban sprawl √√  Beautifies the area √√  Reduces the temperature of the city √√  Reduces air and noise pollution √√  Purifies the atmosphere √√  Recreation area for urban inhabitants √√  Habitat for wild species √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 4.4 4.4.1 Tertiary activities √√ (1 x 2)(2)  The availability of skilled labour √√  Financing available/capital √√  Infrastructure √√ (Any 2 x 2)(4) (6) 4.4.2 Primary activities √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.3  Provide resources for secondary activities √√  Provide food to feed people √√  Provide jobs √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.4.4 PROMOTING FACTORS A dense network of highways, roads and railroads √√ Coastal ports for export to foreign markets√√ A large local market as well as foreign markets √√ The availability of a huge labour force-skilled and unskilled √√ (Any 3 x 2) (6) LIMITING FACTORS Distances to foreign markets increase export costs √√ The majority of people in the country has a low purchasing power √√ Labour costs and strikes √√ The ‘brain drain’ has resulted in the loss of skilled workers √√ Skills shortage resulting from high absenteeism due to ill health or high mortality rate because of HIV/Aids √√ (Any 3 x 2) (6) 4.5 4.5.1 To encourage South Africans to buy South African products and services which promote job creation √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.5.2 Increased the demand for local products √√ Safeguards employment opportunities √√ Stimulates economic growth √√ Creates more job opportunities √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.5.3  The uneven distribution of wealth √√  The widening gap between developed and developing countries √√ (2 x 2) (4)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 GEOGRAPHY P1 (SEPTEMBER 2013) 4.5.4  More aid and direct investment helps economic development √√  More economic opportunities √√  Cheaper products available to consumers √√  More choices for consumers √√  Products are standardised and quality improves √√  Everyone shares in the benefits of technology √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.5.5  Local content/at least 50% of the production cost must belong to South Africa √√  High quality of products √√  Fair labour practise √√  Products must be environmentally friendly √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) [100] GRAND TOTAL: 300

Downloaded from hlayiso.com