Geography Grade 10 P1 November Mock Exam 2 2026 QP (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 10 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 15 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections. SECTION A QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE (60) QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY (60) SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) 2. Answer ALL THREE questions. 3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. 4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered. 5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list. 10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa, 14 ◦ C and 45 m. 11. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 12. You may use a magnifying glass. 13. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. An extract from the 1 : 50 000 topographical map 3319AD CERES and an extract from the 1 : 10 000 orthophoto map 3319AD 12 CERES are provided on one A3 sheet, supplied with this mock as Geography Gr10 P1 Mock 2026 Map (3319AD Ceres). The reference (key) and the magnetic declination information are printed below the topographical map. Print the map file on A3 paper at 100% (actual size). 15. The area demarcated by the RED RECTANGLE on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. 16. The letters F, G and H on the topographical map and the number 1 on the orthophoto map are used in some questions. 17. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION A: THE ATMOSPHERE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 D. 1.1.1 The gas that makes up about 21% of the atmosphere and is needed by people and animals for breathing is … A nitrogen. B oxygen. C argon. D carbon dioxide. 1.1.2 The layer, just above the tropopause, in which commercial jet aircraft often fly to avoid turbulence is the … A troposphere. B stratosphere. C mesosphere. D thermosphere. 1.1.3 Ozone is a gas that consists of … A two oxygen atoms. B three oxygen atoms. C one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. D chlorine and fluorine atoms. 1.1.4 The percentage of insolation that a surface reflects is called its … A albedo. B absorption. C radiation. D humidity. 1.1.5 The amount of water vapour in the air, compared to the maximum amount it can hold at that temperature, expressed as a percentage, is the … A absolute humidity. B dew point. C relative humidity. D saturation point. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.1.6 Ice crystals that form on the ground and on plants on clear, cold winter nights, when the dew point is below 0 ◦ C, are called … A dew. B frost. C snow. D hail. 1.1.7 Thin, wispy clouds made of ice crystals that form very high in the troposphere are … clouds. A stratus B cumulus C nimbostratus D cirrus 1.1.8 The instrument used to measure air pressure is a … A thermometer. B rain gauge. (8 x 1) (8) C barometer. D wind vane. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2 Refer to the sketch below showing how the atmosphere is heated. Match the processes labelled A to G on the sketch with the terms in the list below. Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.8 albedo. ONE term in the list will not be used. insolation reflection scattering absorption terrestrial radiation conduction convection advection SUN top of the atmosphere B dust particles A warm air rises, C cool air sinks G E D F air in contact with the surface EARTH’S SURFACE [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (simplified)] 1.2.1 Process A 1.2.2 Process B 1.2.3 Process C 1.2.4 Process D 1.2.5 Process E 1.2.6 Process F 1.2.7 Process G (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.3 Refer to the graph and the extract below on global warming. GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS BY SECTOR IN A COAL-DEPENDENT COUNTRY Electricity and heat production 46% Industry 16% Transport 12% Agriculture 11% Buildings (homes and offices) 9% Waste (landfill sites) 6% 0 10 20 30 40 50 Share of total emissions (%) HEAT WAVE GRIPS NORTHERN TOWNS For six days in a row, temperatures of more than 40 ◦ C were recorded in several towns in the north of the country. Schools ended lessons early, and clinics treated elderly people and young children for heat exhaustion and dehydration. Farmers reported that cattle died near dry water holes and that crops wilted in the fields. Because many households ran fans and air conditioners day and night, the demand for electricity rose sharply, and most of this electricity is produced in coal-fired power stations. Climate scientists warn that heat waves like this one will become longer and more frequent as the earth continues to warm. [Source: Examiner’s own graph (simplified data) and extract (fictional event)] 1.3.1 Define the term global warming. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 Which sector on the graph releases the largest share of greenhouse gases? (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Name the main greenhouse gas that is released when coal is burnt. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 Explain the link between the high demand for electricity during the heat wave and further global warming. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.5 According to the extract, give ONE effect of the heat wave on people. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.6 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest sustainable strategies that the government and households of this country can use to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.4 Refer to the sketch below showing a type of rainfall that is common over the interior of South Africa. X SUN up to 12 km Y HOT GROUND [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (not to scale)] 1.4.1 Identify the type of rainfall shown in the sketch. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 In which season (summer/winter) does this type of rainfall usually occur in Gauteng? (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 Name the type of cloud labelled X. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.4 Give TWO weather conditions that are associated with the type of cloud named in QUESTION 1.4.3. (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.5 Explain how the rising air currents at Y lead to the formation of the clouds and rain shown in the sketch. (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.6 Explain why this type of rainfall usually occurs in the late afternoon. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.7 Explain the negative impact of the storms associated with this type of rainfall on farmers. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.5 Refer to the synoptic weather map of South Africa below. N Weather station X 27 X 18 P L 1 008 1 016 1 016 1 020 1 024 A H H B 1 028 1 028 Indian Ocean C Atlantic Ocean 1 004 [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (simplified)] 1.5.1 What are the lines that join places with the same air pressure on a synoptic weather map called? (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 Name the high-pressure cell labelled A. (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Determine the air pressure of the isobar at P. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.4 (a) Is this a summer or a winter synoptic weather map? (1 x 1) (1) (b) Give TWO pieces of evidence from the map to support your answer to QUESTION 1.5.4(a). (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.5 Refer to the station model of weather station X. State the: (a) Air temperature (b) Dew-point temperature (c) Cloud cover (d) Wind direction (e) Wind speed (5 x 1) (5) 1.5.6 Identify the front labelled C. (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.7 Explain why the low-pressure cell over the interior (L) develops during this season. (1 x 2) (2) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 Refer to the cross-section below through the interior of the earth. Match the descriptions in QUESTIONS 2.1.1 to 2.1.8 with the letters A to E on the sketch. Write only the letter next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.9 F. A letter may be used more than once. A B E C D [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (not to scale)] 2.1.1 Layer that is between about 5 km (under the oceans) and 70 km (under high mountains) thick 2.1.2 Layer found between a depth of about 2 900 km and 5 100 km below the surface 2.1.3 Solid centre of the earth, where temperatures are the highest 2.1.4 The thickest layer of the earth 2.1.5 The boundary (Moho discontinuity) that separates the crust from the mantle 2.1.6 Movement of molten metal in this layer produces the earth’s magnetic field 2.1.7 The upper part of this layer (the asthenosphere) is partly molten, so that the plates can slide over it 2.1.8 Layer that consists of sial (continents) and sima (ocean floor) (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.8 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.2.1 Fine-grained igneous rock that Y basalt forms when lava cools quickly on Z granite the surface is … 2.2.2 Marble is a metamorphic rock that Y sandstone forms when … is changed by heat Z limestone and pressure. 2.2.3 A vertical sheet of magma that Y dyke cuts across the rock layers and Z sill solidifies is a … 2.2.4 The scientist who proposed the Y Alfred Wegener theory of continental drift in the Z Charles Richter early 1900s was … 2.2.5 The theory that the lithosphere is Y continental drift broken into large plates that move Z plate tectonics over the mantle is … 2.2.6 A volcano that has not erupted for Y dormant a long time but may erupt again is Z extinct … 2.2.7 The force that pulls the crust apart Y compression and causes normal faults is … Z tension (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.3 Refer to the sketch below showing how some of the continents fitted together about 200 million years ago, and the fossils found on them. KEY: FOSSILS FOUND M: Mesosaurus AFRICA (freshwater reptile) INDIA M ♣ ♣ Glossopteris (plant) ▲ Lystrosaurus ▲ ▲ (land reptile) SOUTH ♣ AMERICA ♣ AUSTRALIA ♣ ANTARCTICA ▲ ♣ [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (simplified, continents not drawn to their true shapes)] 2.3.1 Define the term continental drift. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.2 Name the southern supercontinent shown in the sketch. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Name TWO present-day continents, other than Africa, that were part of the supercontinent in QUESTION 2.3.2. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.4 Mesosaurus was a small reptile that lived in fresh water. Explain how its fossils, found in South America and southern Africa only, support the theory of continental drift. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.5 Give ONE other piece of evidence (not fossils) that supports the theory of continental drift. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.6 Name the process by which new oceanic crust forms in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, where Africa and South America are still moving away from each other. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.7 Name the tectonic plate on which South Africa lies. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.8 Explain how convection currents in the mantle cause the plates to move. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.4 Refer to the extract below on the 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye and Syria. DEADLY EARTHQUAKES STRIKE TÜRKIYE AND SYRIA In the early hours of 6 February 2023, while most people were asleep, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7,8 struck southern Türkiye close to the border with Syria. The earthquake occurred along the East Anatolian Fault, where the Arabian Plate and the Anatolian Plate slide past each other. About nine hours later a second, very strong earthquake (magnitude 7,5) struck the same region, followed by thousands of smaller aftershocks. Thousands of apartment blocks collapsed, many of which had not been built according to the building regulations. More than 50 000 people died in the two countries and millions were left homeless in freezing winter weather. Roads, hospitals and water pipes were damaged, which made rescue work very difficult. [Source: Summary compiled by the examiner from various news reports] 2.4.1 What is the focus of an earthquake? (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 Name the scale that is commonly used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 Give TWO reasons from the extract why so many people died in this disaster. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.4 Explain why the aftershocks made the disaster worse. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the social and economic impact of a major earthquake on a country. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 13 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.5 Refer to the sketch below showing igneous intrusions and a volcano. runny lava E surface D C B A [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (not to scale)] 2.5.1 Identify the igneous intrusions labelled A, B, C and D. (4 x 1) (4) 2.5.2 Differentiate between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.3 Explain why the granite that forms in intrusion A has large crystals. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.4 Identify the type of volcano labelled E. (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.5 How does the viscosity of the lava influence the shape of volcano E? (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.6 Explain the negative impact of volcanic eruptions on people living near volcanoes. (2 x 2) (4) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 14 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON CERES Co-ordinates: 33◦ 22′ S; 19◦ 19′ E Ceres is a town in the Witzenberg Local Municipality in the Western Cape, about 150 km north-east of Cape Town by road. The town lies in a valley surrounded by mountains of the Cape Fold Belt. The area receives most of its rain in winter, and snow sometimes falls on the surrounding mountains. The Ceres valley is one of the most important deciduous-fruit-producing areas in South Africa (apples, pears and stone fruit). The R46 enters the town from the south through Michell’s Pass. [Adapted from various sources] The following Afrikaans terms appear on the maps: AFRIKAANS ENGLISH Dwarsrivier Dwars River Aartappelrivier Aartappel River Verklaring Reference (key) 3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 The scale 1 : 50 000 of the topographical map is an example of a … scale. A word B line (1 x 1) (1) C ratio D graphic 3.1.2 On the orthophoto map, 1 cm represents … on the ground. A 10 m B 100 m (1 x 1) (1) C 500 m D 1 km 3.1.3 Give the co-ordinates (latitude and longitude, in degrees, minutes and seconds) of trigonometrical station 93 in block D4 on the topographical map. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.4 Calculate the straight-line distance in kilometres (km) from trigonometrical station 257 in block B5 to trigonometrical station 93 in block D4 on the topographical map. Formula: Actual distance = Map distance × Map scale (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.5 Calculate the area, in square kilometres (km2 ), of block D4 on the topographical map. Show ALL calculations. Formula: Area = Length × Breadth (3 x 1) (3) 3.1.6 Determine the true bearing of trigonometrical station 93 (block D4) from trigonometrical station 257 (block B5). (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 15 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 3.1.7 Use the information below the topographical map to calculate the magnetic declination of Ceres for 2026. Show ALL calculations. Difference in years: Mean annual change: (4 x 1) (4) Total change: Magnetic declination for 2026: 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 In which general direction does the Dwarsrivier flow in block E3 on the topographical map? (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Give evidence from the topographical map to support your answer to QUESTION 3.2.1. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.3 Identify the landform along which the R46 runs between F and G in block E3. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 Identify the land use at 1 on the orthophoto map (also shown at H in block C5 on the topographical map). (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 Give TWO reasons, evident from the topographical map, why the area at H is a suitable location for this land use. (2 x 1) (2) 3.2.6 The Ceres area receives most of its rainfall in winter. Give ONE piece of evidence from the topographical map that the farmers need to store water for the dry summer months. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 Define the term Geographical Information System (GIS). (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.2 Is the orthophoto map an example of raster data or vector data? (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 Name ONE example of a line feature on the topographical map. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.4 Give ONE example of attribute data that could be stored about Ceres Dam in a GIS. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.5 Name ONE method that can be used to capture data into a GIS. (1 x 1) (1) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved