Geography Grade 10 P2 November Mock Exam 2 2026 QP (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 10 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 14 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections. SECTION A QUESTION 1: POPULATION (60) QUESTION 2: WATER RESOURCES (60) SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) 2. Answer ALL THREE questions. 3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. 4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered. 5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list. 10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa, 14 ◦ C and 45 m. 11. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 12. You may use a magnifying glass. 13. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. An extract from the 1 : 50 000 topographical map 3025AD PHILIPPOLIS and an extract from the 1 : 10 000 orthophoto map 3025AD 01 PHILIPPOLIS are provided on one A3 sheet, supplied with this mock as Geography Gr10 P2 Mock 2026 Map (3025AD Philippolis). The map sheet was first used in the Eastern Cape Grade 12 September 2022 (preparatory) examination. Print it on A3 paper at 100% (actual size). 15. The area demarcated in RED on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. 16. Ignore the letters and numbers already printed on the maps (e.g. F, S, T and 1), unless a question refers to them. 17. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION A: POPULATION AND WATER RESOURCES QUESTION 1: POPULATION 1.1 Choose the term/concept in COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–I) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 J. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.1.1 The scientific study of the size, A ecumene structure and growth of human populations 1.1.2 The parts of the earth’s surface B urbanisation that are permanently inhabited by people 1.1.3 The number of babies per 1 000 C remittances live births who die before their first birthday 1.1.4 An intense dislike or fear of people D demography from other countries 1.1.5 The movement of people from one E infant mortality rate place to another within the borders of the same country 1.1.6 A person who has fled his or F internal migration her country and has applied for protection, but whose refugee status has not yet been decided 1.1.7 An increase in the percentage of G xenophobia a country’s population that lives in towns and cities 1.1.8 Money that migrant workers send H asylum seeker back to their families in their home areas I birth rate (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2 Refer to the population pyramids of Country A and Country B below. Write only A or B next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.8 B. COUNTRY A Age COUNTRY B Males Females (years) Males Females 65+ 60–64 55–59 50–54 45–49 40–44 35–39 30–34 25–29 20–24 15–19 10–14 5–9 0–4 8 4 0 0 4 8 8 4 0 0 4 8 Percentage of population Percentage of population [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (fictional countries)] 1.2.1 The country with the highest birth rate 1.2.2 The country with the highest life expectancy 1.2.3 The population pyramid that is regressive (contracting) 1.2.4 A typical less economically developed country (LEDC) 1.2.5 The government must spend most of its budget on schools and child health care 1.2.6 The country with the largest percentage of elderly dependants (65 years and older) 1.2.7 The country where most women are educated, work outside the home and use family planning (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.3 Refer to the graph below showing the growth of the world’s population from 1800 to 2050. 11 10 9,7 9 8,2 8 World population 7 6,1 6 (billions) 5 4,1 4 3 2,5 2 1,6 1,0 1,2 1 0 1800 1850 1900 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050* Year (* projected) Note: the intervals are not equal (50-year steps up to 1950, then 25-year steps) [Source: Adapted from United Nations world population estimates and projections (rounded figures)] 1.3.1 Define the term population explosion. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 What was the world’s population in 1950? (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Calculate the increase in the world’s population between 1950 and 2025. Show your calculation. (2 x 1) (2) 1.3.4 Explain why the world’s population grew so rapidly after 1950. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.5 Explain TWO negative impacts of rapid population growth on the natural resources of a country. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.6 Suggest ONE strategy that governments of countries with very high birth rates can use to slow down population growth. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.4 Refer to the table and extract below on the population of Country K, a fictional highly developed country. Population indicator 1990 2025 Birth rate (per 1 000 per year) 14,0 7,5 Death rate (per 1 000 per year) 9,0 11,5 Life expectancy (years) 74 84 Population aged 0–14 years (%) 21 11 Population aged 15–64 years (%) 67 60 Population aged 65 years and older (%) 12 29 FEWER BABIES, MORE GRANDPARENTS In Country K schools in small towns are closing because there are too few children, while the demand for old-age homes, nurses and pensions keeps rising. Most young couples live in small city apartments, both partners work long hours and raising a child is very expensive. Many couples marry late and decide to have only one child or none at all. Factories now struggle to find enough young workers. [Source: Examiner’s own data and extract (fictional country)] 1.4.1 What is meant by an ageing population? (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.2 Calculate the natural increase (as a percentage) of Country K in 2025. Show your calculation. Birth rate − Death rate Formula: Natural increase (%) = (2 x 1) (2) 10 1.4.3 Use your answer to QUESTION 1.4.2 to state whether the population of Country K is growing or declining naturally. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.4 Calculate the dependency ratio of Country K in 2025. Show your calculation. % 0–14 yrs + % 65 + yrs Formula: Dependency ratio = × 100 (2 x 1) (2) % 15–64 yrs 1.4.5 Explain, with reference to the extract, why the birth rate of Country K is so low. (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.6 Explain TWO economic problems that an ageing population creates for the government of Country K. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.5 Refer to the extract below on refugees in South Africa. A NEW LIFE, BUT NOT WITHOUT FEAR Amani (28) was a teacher in a country in Central Africa. When armed groups attacked her town, burnt the school and threatened families who refused to join them, she fled with her two children. They travelled for six weeks by bus and on foot before reaching South Africa, where she applied for asylum. While she waits for her papers, she sells fruit at a taxi rank in Durban because she may not teach in South African schools. Last year a crowd accused foreigners of “taking our jobs” and looted several shops owned by foreign nationals near the rank. Amani’s stall was not damaged, but her children were too afraid to go to school for a week. “I did not come here to take anything,” she says. “I came here to stay alive.” [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional person)] 1.5.1 Distinguish between a refugee and an economic migrant. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.2 Give TWO push factors from the extract that forced Amani to leave her country. (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.3 Is Amani an internal or an international migrant? (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.4 Explain ONE reason why some South Africans blame foreign nationals for their problems, as suggested in the extract. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest ways in which the government and local communities can reduce xenophobia and help refugees to live safely in South Africa. (4 x 2) (8) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 2: WATER RESOURCES 2.1 Refer to the diagram below showing the hydrological (water) cycle. Choose the correct process from the list below for each of the processes labelled A to G in the diagram. Write only the term next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.8 interception. evaporation; condensation; precipitation; surface run-off; infiltration; transpiration; groundwater flow; sublimation; interception wind B C F A E D water table OCEAN G [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (not to scale)] 2.1.1 A 2.1.2 B 2.1.3 C 2.1.4 D 2.1.5 E 2.1.6 F 2.1.7 G (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.9 D. 2.2.1 A layer of permeable rock that stores groundwater is a/an … A aquifer. B estuary. C reservoir. D wetland. 2.2.2 The upper level of the saturated zone below the ground surface is the … A watershed. B water table. C floodplain. D river bed. 2.2.3 Collecting rainwater from roofs and storing it in tanks for later use is called … A desalination. B irrigation. C rainwater harvesting. D water recycling. 2.2.4 South Africa is regarded as a water-scarce country mainly because … A its rivers are very long. B it has low and unreliable rainfall and high evaporation. C it is surrounded by oceans. D it has too many dams. 2.2.5 The longest river in South Africa is the … River. A Limpopo B Vaal C Thukela D Orange 2.2.6 An example of a waterborne disease is … A malaria. B cholera. C tuberculosis. D HIV. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2.7 Limits that a municipality places on the use of water during a drought are known as water … A restrictions. B harvesting. C transfers. D tariffs. 2.2.8 The farming of fish, mussels and oysters in sea water is known as … A overfishing. B irrigation. (8 x 1) (8) C mariculture. D trawling. 2.3 Refer to the extract below on water supply in a fictional municipality. DRY TAPS IN MABALENG For the third week in a row, residents of Mabaleng have had running water for only a few hours a day. The municipality blames old pipes that burst and leak, pumps that break down during power cuts and illegal connections. It also says that many households and businesses do not pay their water accounts, so there is too little money for repairs. Poor households that are registered with the municipality are entitled to 6 000 litres (6 kl) of free basic water per month, but in the informal settlement on the edge of town families still queue at a single tanker or collect water from the river. Meanwhile, the local dam is only 30% full after a dry summer. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional municipality)] 2.3.1 Give TWO causes of the water shortage in Mabaleng, according to the extract. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.2 How much free basic water is a registered poor household entitled to each month? (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Explain ONE health risk for families who collect water from the river. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.4 Why is it difficult for municipalities to provide free basic water to all poor households? (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest ways in which the municipality and the residents of Mabaleng can conserve water and secure a reliable water supply in the future. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.4 Refer to the graph below showing the annual catch of a fish species (Fish X) off the coast of South Africa. 100 81 80 75 Catch 62 60 58 41 (thousand tonnes) 40 33 27 20 0 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Year [Source: Examiner’s own data (fictional fish stock)] 2.4.1 Define the term overfishing. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 In which year was the catch of Fish X the highest? (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 Calculate the percentage decrease in the catch of Fish X between 2008 and 2024. Show your calculation. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.4 State TWO causes of overfishing. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.5 Explain how the decline in fish stocks will affect people living in coastal fishing communities. (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.6 Suggest TWO measures that the government can use to ensure that fish stocks are used sustainably. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.5 Refer to the storm hydrograph below. It shows the rainfall and the discharge of a river at a town during a storm that started at 06:00. Rainfall 70 0 60 peak discharge 10 River discharge (m3 /s) 50 20 (mm per hour) bankfull discharge 40 30 20 10 base flow 0 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 Time (24-hour clock; minor ticks every 3 hours) [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (fictional river)] 2.5.1 What is meant by the lag time of a storm hydrograph? (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.2 Use the hydrograph to determine the lag time of this storm. Show how you obtained your answer. (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.3 Did the river overflow its banks during the storm? Give evidence from the hydrograph. (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.4 Explain how the lag time would change if large parts of the river’s catchment were covered by new roads and buildings. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 Explain how dams and wetlands in the catchment can reduce the risk of floods downstream. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.6 Discuss TWO ways in which floods have a negative impact on people living in the town. (2 x 2) (4) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 13 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON PHILIPPOLIS Co-ordinates: 30◦ 16′ S; 25◦ 16′ E Philippolis is a small town in the southern Free State. It was founded in 1823 as a mission station and is regarded as the oldest town in the Free State. The surrounding area is semi-arid, with low and unreliable summer rainfall, and most farms keep sheep and cattle. Farms and settlements depend largely on boreholes, windpumps and small dams for their water. Like many small Karoo towns, Philippolis has few job opportunities, and many young people leave to look for work and further education in larger cities. [Adapted from various sources] The following Afrikaans terms appear on the orthophoto map: AFRIKAANS ENGLISH Verklaring Reference (key) Kontoertussenruimte Contour interval Windpomp Windpump Reservoir Reservoir 3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 Philippolis is located in the … province. A Eastern Cape B Northern Cape (1 x 1) (1) C Free State D North West 3.1.2 The index of the 1 : 50 000 map sheet directly SOUTH of 3025AD is … A 3025AC. B 3025BC. (1 x 1) (1) C 3025CA. D 3025CB. 3.1.3 The contour interval of the topographical map is … A 5 m. B 10 m. (1 x 1) (1) C 20 m. D 100 m. 3.1.4 Calculate the straight-line distance in kilometres (km) from trigonometrical station 249 (block A2) to trigonometrical station 275 (block D4) on the topographical map. Formula: Actual distance = Map distance × Map scale (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.5 Determine the true bearing of trigonometrical station 275 (block D4) from trigonometrical station 251 (block B2, on the boundary with C2) on the topographical map. (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 14 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 3.1.6 Use the information below the topographical map to calculate the magnetic declination of Philippolis for 2026. Show ALL calculations. Difference in years: Mean annual change: (5 x 1) (5) Total change: Magnetic declination for 2026: 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 Name TWO sources of water that farmers in the mapped area use, as shown on the topographical map. (2 x 1) (2) 3.2.2 Refer to the settlement of Waterkloof in block D3 on the topographical map. Explain why many households in Waterkloof have their own reservoirs. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.3 Give ONE piece of evidence from block D3 on the topographical map that some people have moved away from Waterkloof. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 Explain TWO negative effects on small farming settlements, such as Waterkloof and Langkloof (block C4), when young people leave them to live in large cities. (2 x 2) (4) 3.2.5 Refer to the orthophoto map. Compare the density of houses in Poding-tse-Rolo (blocks B4 and C4) with the density of houses in the older part of Philippolis (block D2), and give ONE piece of evidence from the orthophoto map for your answer. (2 x 1) (2) 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 Define the term remote sensing. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.2 The orthophoto map is an example of (raster/vector) data. (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 Name TWO components of a GIS. (2 x 1) (2) 3.3.4 Identify ONE point feature and ONE polygon feature in block D3 on the topographical map. (2 x 1) (2) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved