Geography Grade 10 P2 November Mock Exam 2 2026 Memo (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 10 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 9 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines NOTE TO MARKERS: • Accept alternative answers that are correct and relevant to the question, even if not listed. • A mark is allocated for each correct fact. For (2 x 2) questions, award 2 marks per complete, well-explained point. • Paragraph questions (approximately EIGHT lines): assess the quality and relevance of the response. • For calculations, follow the steps indicated. Measurements were taken on the A3 map sheet printed at 100%; accept answers within the given ranges. Apply consistent accuracy (CA) where an earlier step is wrong. SECTION A QUESTION 1: POPULATION 1.1 1.1.1 D (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.1.2 A (1) 1.1.3 E (1) 1.1.4 G (1) 1.1.5 F (1) 1.1.6 H (1) 1.1.7 B (1) 1.1.8 C (1) 1.2 1.2.1 A (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.2.2 B (1) 1.2.3 B (1) 1.2.4 A (1) 1.2.5 A (1) 1.2.6 B (1) 1.2.7 B (1) 1.3.1 A very rapid (sudden) increase in the size of a population over a (1 x 2) (2) short period of time (2) 1.3.2 2,5 billion (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 8,2 − 2,5 (1) (2 x 1) (2) = 5,7 billion (people) (1) 1.3.4 Death rates fell sharply while birth rates remained high (2) (2 x 2) (4) Improved medical care, vaccinations and antibiotics reduced deaths (2) Better sanitation and clean water reduced diseases (2) Increased food production (Green Revolution) reduced famine and malnutrition (2) Lower infant mortality rates – more children survived to adulthood (2) People live longer (higher life expectancy) (2) [ANY TWO] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3.5 Natural vegetation/forests are cleared for farmland, housing and (2 x 2) (4) firewood (2) Overgrazing and overcultivation lead to soil erosion and loss of fertile soil (2) Greater demand for water causes water shortages/depletion of groundwater (2) More waste and pollution of air, water and land (2) Non-renewable resources (minerals, fossil fuels) are used up faster (2) Overfishing and loss of biodiversity/wildlife habitats (2) [ANY TWO] 1.3.6 Provide free family planning/contraceptives at clinics (2) (1 x 2) (2) Educate girls and women and empower them to work (2) Run awareness campaigns on the benefits of smaller families (2) Offer incentives (e.g. tax benefits) for small families (2) Improve health care to reduce infant mortality so that parents have fewer children (2) Discourage early marriages (2) [ANY ONE] 1.4.1 A population in which the percentage (proportion) of older people (1 x 2) (2) (65 years and older) increases, because of a low birth rate and high life expectancy (2) 7,5 − 11,5 1.4.2 (1) (2 x 1) (2) 10 = −0,4% (1) (accept a natural decrease of 0,4%) 1.4.3 Declining (decreasing) (1) (CA from 1.4.2) (1 x 1) (1) 11 + 29 1.4.4 × 100 (1) (2 x 1) (2) 60 = 66,7 (1) (accept 66,67/67 dependants per 100 people of working age) 1.4.5 Raising a child is very expensive (2) (2 x 2) (4) Both partners work long hours/women have careers, so there is little time to raise children (2) Couples marry late, which shortens the child-bearing years (2) Couples choose to have only one child or no children (2) Small city apartments leave little space for large families (2) [ANY TWO] 1.4.6 More money must be spent on pensions/social grants for the elderly (2 x 2) (4) (2) Higher health-care costs (hospitals, nurses, old-age homes) (2) Fewer people of working age pay taxes, so government income declines (2) Shortage of young workers slows down production/economic growth (2) The country may have to import foreign workers (2) Schools close and teachers lose their jobs (2) [ANY TWO] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5.1 A refugee is forced to flee (his or her country) because of (1 x 2) (2) war/persecution/violence and seeks protection (safety) in another country, whereas an economic migrant moves voluntarily to find work/a better income (2) (both parts needed for 2 marks) 1.5.2 Armed groups attacked her town (1) (2 x 1) (2) The school was burnt (she lost her job) (1) Families who refused to join the armed groups were threatened (1) Fear for her life/safety of her children (1) [ANY TWO] 1.5.3 International (migrant) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.4 They believe that foreigners take their jobs (2) (1 x 2) (2) High unemployment and poverty – foreign-owned shops compete with local businesses (2) Foreigners are blamed for crime/pressure on housing and services (2) [ANY ONE] 1.5.5 Educate communities about the rights of refugees and the causes (4 x 2) (8) of migration (2); run anti-xenophobia awareness campaigns in the media and schools (2); police must protect foreign nationals and arrest people who attack or loot (2); speed up the processing of asylum applications and documents (2); strengthen border control and deal with undocumented migration legally (2); create jobs and reduce poverty so that locals do not feel threatened (2); community leaders, churches and NGOs can organise dialogue between locals and foreigners (2); allow qualified refugees to use their skills (e.g. teaching) (2); provide shelters, food and counselling for refugees (2); promote ubuntu and celebrate cultural diversity (2) [ANY FOUR] [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: WATER RESOURCES 2.1 2.1.1 evaporation (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.1.2 condensation (1) 2.1.3 precipitation (1) 2.1.4 surface run-off (1) 2.1.5 infiltration (1) (accept percolation) 2.1.6 transpiration (1) 2.1.7 groundwater flow (1) 2.2 2.2.1 A (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.2.2 B (1) 2.2.3 C (1) 2.2.4 B (1) 2.2.5 D (1) 2.2.6 B (1) 2.2.7 A (1) 2.2.8 C (1) 2.3.1 Old pipes that burst and leak (1) (2 x 1) (2) Pumps break down during power cuts (1) Illegal connections (1) Households and businesses do not pay their water accounts (no money for repairs) (1) The dam is only 30% full after a dry summer/drought (1) [ANY TWO] 2.3.2 6 000 litres (6 kl) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 River water may be polluted with sewage/bacteria, causing (1 x 2) (2) waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid and diarrhoea (2) Water may contain harmful chemicals (fertilisers, waste) (2) [ANY ONE] 2.3.4 Municipalities lack money because many people do not pay for (1 x 2) (2) services (2) Infrastructure (pipes, pumps, treatment works) is old, poorly maintained or absent (2) Rapid population growth/new informal settlements increase demand (2) Water sources are limited in a water-scarce country (2) Corruption and poor management (2) Many poor households are not registered (2) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3.5 Municipality: repair and replace old leaking pipes (2); install backup (4 x 2) (8) power (generators/solar) at pumps (2); remove illegal connections and fine offenders (2); install water meters and improve the collection of payments (2); introduce water restrictions and higher tariffs for heavy users (2); run water-saving awareness campaigns (2); build more storage (dams, reservoirs) and drill boreholes (2); recycle (treat) waste water (2) Residents: fix leaking taps and toilets (2); use grey water to water gardens (2); harvest rainwater in tanks (2); take short showers instead of baths (2); report leaks and illegal connections (2); pay water accounts (2) [ANY FOUR] 2.4.1 Catching fish faster than they can reproduce, so that fish stocks (1 x 2) (2) (populations) decline (2) 2.4.2 2008 (1) (1 x 1) (1) 81 − 27 2.4.3 × 100 (1) (2 x 1) (2) 81 = 66,7% (1) (accept 66,67%/67%) 2.4.4 Increasing demand for fish (growing population) (1) (2 x 1) (2) Modern fishing technology/large trawlers and fine-mesh nets (1) Illegal fishing/poaching (1) Catch limits (quotas) are not enforced (1) Catching young fish before they can breed (1) Unemployment/poverty – people depend on fishing for income (1) [ANY TWO] 2.4.5 Fishermen lose their income/jobs (2) (2 x 2) (4) Fish factories and processing plants close, causing unemployment (2) Poverty increases in coastal communities (2) Less protein-rich food/food insecurity (2) People migrate to cities to look for work (2) Related businesses (boat repairs, shops, tourism) decline (2) [ANY TWO] 2.4.6 Set and enforce fishing quotas (catch limits) (2) (2 x 2) (4) Declare marine protected areas where fishing is not allowed (2) Introduce closed seasons during breeding periods (2) Issue a limited number of fishing permits/licences (2) Regulate net mesh size so that young fish escape (2) Patrol the coast and fine illegal fishers/poachers (2) Promote mariculture (fish farming) (2) [ANY TWO] 2.5.1 The time between the peak (highest) rainfall and the peak (1 x 2) (2) discharge of the river (2) 2.5.2 Peak rainfall at 09:00 and peak discharge at 21:00 (1) (2 x 1) (2) Lag time = 12 hours (1) (accept 11 – 13 hours) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5.3 Yes – the discharge rose above the bankfull discharge line (40 (1 x 1) (1) m3 /s) (1) (Award the mark only if the evidence is given; “Yes” alone = 0.) 2.5.4 The lag time would become shorter, because roads and buildings (1 x 2) (2) are impermeable surfaces, so less water infiltrates and run-off reaches the river faster (2) 2.5.5 Dams store (hold back) flood water and release it slowly (2) (2 x 2) (4) Dams reduce the peak discharge downstream (2) Wetlands act like sponges that absorb and store water (2) Wetlands slow down the flow of water and release it gradually (2) Vegetation in wetlands traps sediment and increases infiltration (2) [ANY TWO] 2.5.6 People drown or are injured (2) (2 x 2) (4) Homes, property and possessions are destroyed (2) Roads and bridges are damaged so that people cannot get to work, schools or clinics (2) Water and electricity supplies are disrupted (2) Polluted flood water spreads waterborne diseases (2) Businesses close/people lose income (2) Crops and livestock are lost (2) [ANY TWO] [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1.1 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 D (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.4 14,3 cm × 0,5 km (1) (range 14,1 – 14,4 cm) (2 x 1) (2) = 7,15 km (1) (range 7,05 – 7,2 km) 3.1.5 130◦ (2) (range 128◦ – 132◦ ) (1 x 2) (2) 3.1.6 Difference in years: 2026 − 2017 = 9 years (1) (5 x 1) (5) Mean annual change: 8′ west(wards) (1) Total change: 9 × 8′ = 72′ = 1◦ 12′ west (1) Magnetic declination 2026: 23◦ 50′ + 1◦ 12′ = 25◦ 02′ (1) west of true north (1) 3.2.1 Windpumps (boreholes) (1) (2 x 1) (2) Dams (1) Reservoirs (1) Furrows (1) Non-perennial rivers/streams (1) [ANY TWO] 3.2.2 The area receives low and unreliable (seasonal) rainfall, so water (1 x 2) (2) must be stored for use in dry periods (2) The rivers are non-perennial/there is no permanent surface water supply (2) Water pumped from boreholes (windpumps) is stored for household use, gardens and livestock (2) [ANY ONE] 3.2.3 Ruins (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 An ageing population is left behind (mainly elderly people and (2 x 2) (4) children remain) (2) Loss of labour – farms struggle to find young workers (2) Houses are abandoned/become ruins (2) Schools, shops and clinics close because there are too few people/customers (2) Families depend on remittances (money sent back from the cities) (2) Loss of skills and leadership – the settlement declines and gets poorer (2) Families are split up (social problems) (2) [ANY TWO] 3.2.5 Poding-tse-Rolo has a higher housing density (than the older part of (2 x 1) (2) Philippolis) (1) Evidence: houses are small and close together/smaller plots/houses arranged in rows; the older part of Philippolis has larger plots, bigger houses and many trees/gardens (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.3.1 The collection (gathering) of information about the earth’s surface (1 x 2) (2) from a distance, e.g. by satellites, aircraft or drones, without physical contact (2) 3.3.2 Raster (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 Hardware (1) (2 x 1) (2) Software (1) Data (1) People (users) (1) Methods (procedures) (1) [ANY TWO] 3.3.4 Point: reservoir/building/ruin (1) (2 x 1) (2) Polygon: cultivated land/built-up area of Waterkloof/erosion (sand) area (1) Do NOT accept trigonometrical station 275 (it is in D4) or row of trees/road (line features). [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved