Geography Grade 10 P2 Eastern Cape November 2020 Memo (Eng)

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 NOVEMBER 2020 GEOGRAPHY P2 MARKING GUIDELINE (EXEMPLAR) MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

2 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) SECTION A: POPULATION AND WATER RESOURCES QUESTION 1: POPULATION 1.1 1.1.1 E (population indicators) 1.1.2 A (emigrants) 1.1.3 F (population explosion) 1.1.4 I (population pyramid) 1.1.5 H (refugees) 1.1.6 C (population density) 1.1.7 D (xenophobia) 1.1.8 B (life expectancy) (8 x 1) (8) 1.2 1.2.1 B 1.2.2 B 1.2.3 A 1.2.4 A 1.2.5 A 1.2.6 B 1.2.7 A (7 x 1) (7) 1.3 1.3.1 Population distribution is how people are spread across a geographical area. (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Asia (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 China, India (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.4 Inadequate resources Pressure on resources such as water, farming land, pastures No land for extending settlements Lack of food resources Unemployment Lack of basic services such as education and health Poverty (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) GEOGRAPHY P2 3 1.3.5 Soil fertility – most people settle where soils are fertile, e.g. near river valleys Gentle slopes – people prefer gently slopes where agriculture is possible Water availability – people need to be nearer to permanent sources of water supply, e.g. near large rivers Climate – people like moderately warm climates Natural harbours – are good for human settlements along the coasts Availability of natural resources – such as fish, coal, food (Any 2 x 2) (4) (Students must both mention and explain the physical factor) 1.3.6 Australia (1) Few people in the working population Inadequate labour supply for industries Expanse land lying under-utilised breeding wild animals and snakes (1 + 2) (3) 1.4 1.4.1 Is the fear, hatred or lack of acceptance of people from a different country, tribe, religion. (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 Foreigners were displaced They had their shops looted They were physically attacked (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.3 The government Civil society International organisations (Any TWO) (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.4 Hatred for foreign nationals Lack of trust of people from outside South Africa Fear that they will take their jobs Fear of losing their possessions, goods and wives to foreigners They occupy land and space that local people need They operate businesses and take up customers They have better skills They bring diseases (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.5 Foreign national continue to live amongst, and share resources with South Africans Unemployment rate continue increasing Low education and skills among South Africans in some parts of the country Competition for business sites especially in the informal markets More immigrants still coming into South Africa (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 1.4.6 Control immigration numbers by guarding against illegal immigrants Promote partnership and good relations with people from other countries through media forums and public platforms such as television and radios Create awareness by teaching the public about the scarce skills South Africa needs from people of foreign origin Enforce legislation on business permits to curb informal businesses where most foreigners are involved. Promote business skills for the local people Provide South African citizens with better conditions for business such as grants and loans (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 1.5 1.5.1 The number of people living in rural areas. (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 Increases (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Rural to urban migration (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.4 55 million (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.5 Unemployment Poverty Natural disasters/floods/droughts Soil erosion Lack-of-services(water/electricity/clinics/schools/roads) Boredom Lack of productivity in farms Closure of services (Any TWO) (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.6 Overcrowding Lack of houses Development of squatter settlements Shortage of jobs Increase in numbers of people living in streets Shortage of services such as electricity, water Social ills – crime, moral decay Traffic congestion Air pollution, noise, water Pressure on services Deterioration of buildings Bursting sewer pipes Increase in urban temperatures (Any FOUR) (4 x 2) (8) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) GEOGRAPHY P2 5 QUESTION 2: WATER RESOURCES 2.1 2.1.1 (a) earth’s surface (b) hail (c) snow (3 x 1) (3) 2.1.2 A – Evaporation B – Condensation C – Transpiration D – Precipitation (4 x 1) (7) 2.2.1 Desalinisation 2.2.2 Grey water 2.2.3 Overfishing 2.2.4 Inter-basin transfer 2.2.5 Sustainability 2.2.6 Marine pollution 2.2.7 Fish quotas 2.2.8 Ecosystem (8 x 1) (8) 2.3.1 Western Cape (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Defeat Day Zero (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 It is the day officials move from Phase One prevention restrictions to Phase Two disaster restrictions (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.4 Water is a basic need Thinking of Day Zero Water insecurity No other source of water Limited water supplies (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 2.3.5 Strategies by people Do not leave taps running Use little water for each task Use short showers instead of daily baths Run the tap slowly when rinsing any material Reduce flushing water by putting plastic bottle in a cistern Collect plastic, glasses and metal for recycling, this will reduce the amount of waste water Limit population growth by taking birth control measures Strategies by the Municipality Increasing tariffs will make residents use less water Mend leaking tapes Desalinisation in coastal areas Construct more dams and reservoirs Offer training to consumers on water usage Hire skilled operators in water plants Recycle water Building dams to store water Cloud seeding to artificially increase rainfall Crop rotation to protect soil to store water Redirecting water to provide for irrigation in areas prone to drought Harvesting rain water from rooftops Development of sustainable agricultural practices Water-restrictions (Any FOUR) (4 x 2) (8) 2.4.1 A flood is an overflow of water on the earth’s surface (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 Coastal flooding (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 It was immersed in water People and cars would drown in water (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.4 Heavy rains for many days Gentle slopes on the coastal plains Type of soils, clay soils are impermeable causing more runoff Impermeable underlying rocks High soil moisture content Lack of vegetation cover which allow water to soak into the ground (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Essential goods and material lost in flood water Houses get damaged by water Cars drowning in water Diseases will follow Destroy infrastructure such as roads Communication lines and power affected (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) GEOGRAPHY P2 7 2.4.6 Build houses on higher ground Improve storm water drainages Report floods immediately to the authorities Build stronger houses (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.1 600 000 (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Increases (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 2011 (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.4 600 000 – 400 000 = 200 000 (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.5 South Africa would earn more income through revenue (4) More profit generated More income in foreign currency through exports More jobs created Food security improve as fish provide proteins (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.6 Improved technology in fishing Improved fishing skills Invention of larger nets that catch fish at wider areas Increase in commercial fishing boats Fishing is a source of income for poor communities Fish are regarded as a source of food (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.7 It reduces fish resources Some fish species become extinct Imbalance of marine ecosystem Fishermen will starve in the future as fish populations drop Fishermen lose income Source of food is depleted The country loses on revenue (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) SECTION B: MAPWORK QUESTION 3 3.1 MAPWORK SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 Difference in years: 2020 – 2002 = 18 years Mean annual change: 6’W Total change: 6’ x 18 = 108’ = 1⁰ 48’W Magnetic declination for the present year. • 23⁰ 53’ + 1⁰ 48’ = 53’ + 48’ =101’ (1⁰ 41’) = 25⁰ 41’W (5 x 1) (5) 3.1.2 DISTANCE = CM x SCALE • 1,5 cm x 50 000 100 • 1,5 cm x 500 = 750 metres • Range = 700 m to 800 m (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.3 (a) South East (1 x 1) (1) (b) 80°: Range (78° to 82°) (2 x 1) (2) 3.2 MAP AND PHOTO APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 Road and rail (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 (a) Wetland / Lake (1 x 1) (1) (b) • Water for domestic purposes • Water for road constructions • Fishing • Water for industrial uses • Cool fresh air for the surrounding settlements • Watering vegetation (Any TWO) (2 x 2) (4) 3.2.3 (a) • Orchard/Vineyard (1 x 1) (1) (b) • Water availability • Soil fertility • Transport services for inputs and outputs to market • Gentle slopes • Cool climates • Human resources, labour and skills (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) GEOGRAPHY P2 9 3.2.4 • Hottentots Holland nature reserve • Protected areas • Picnic Bush Plantations • Large dams (Any ONE) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 • Presence of water storage features • Dams • Reservoirs • Large areas covered by nature reserves with few rivers • Non perennial streams • Dry pans (Any TWO) (2 x 1) (2) 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 3.3.1 • Mouse/Printer/Hard-drive/Keyboard/Monitor/Scanner/Digitiser/ Cables/CPU/Discs (Any ONE) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 • Mouse – pointing and directing where to operate • Printer – producing hard copies of written documents • Hard drive – data storage • Keyboard – typing and capturing data • Monitor – displaying data • Scanner – capturing documents • Cables – transferring data, power • CPU – central processing unit • Discs – data storage (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.3 • Location of recreational areas near transport routes, water and suburbs • Industrial areas next to roads • Graveyard in an open space • Settlements on gentle slopes (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.4 (a) Collecting or gathering or capturing information about the earth from a distance without physical contact (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) (b) • Some areas are not accessible by roads because they are forested, steep slopes or have bad drainage • Remote sensing devices can reach far away areas without physical contact • Some sensors are efficient, they can capture clear and detailed data at a distance • It is cheaper and easier to use remote sensors than travelling • Sensors can capture and store a reasonable amount of data • Sensors are accurate (Any ONE) (1 x 2) (2) [30] TOTAL SECTIONB: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over