Geography Grade 10 P1 November Mock 2026 QP (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 10 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 16 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections. SECTION A QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE (60) QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY (60) SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) 2. Answer ALL THREE questions. 3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. 4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered. 5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list. 10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa, 14 ◦ C and 45 m. 11. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 12. You may use a magnifying glass. 13. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. An extract from the 1 : 50 000 topographical map 3424BB HUMANSDORP and an extract from the 1 : 10 000 orthophoto map 3424BB 1 HUMANSDORP are provided on one A3 sheet, supplied with this mock as Geography Gr10 P1 Mock 2026 Map (3424BB Humansdorp). Page 2 of the map file contains the reference (key) and the magnetic declination information. The maps were first used in the 2020 Eastern Cape Grade 10 November examination. Print the map file on A3 paper at 100% (actual size). 15. The area demarcated in RED on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. 16. Ignore the letters, numbers and lines already printed on the maps (e.g. R, T, Y, the line from R and 2, 5, 10, 13), unless a question refers to them. 17. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION A: THE ATMOSPHERE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE 1.1 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.1.1 The most abundant gas in the Y oxygen atmosphere is … Z nitrogen 1.1.2 The gas that plants take in from the Y carbon dioxide atmosphere during photosynthesis Z argon is … 1.1.3 The amount of water vapour in the Y albedo air is called … Z humidity 1.1.4 The process whereby water Y condensation vapour changes into liquid water Z evaporation droplets is … 1.1.5 The temperature at which Y dew point air becomes saturated and Z freezing point condensation starts is the … 1.1.6 The transfer of heat through rising Y conduction and sinking air is … Z convection 1.1.7 Precipitation in the form of balls or Y hail lumps of ice is … Z dew 1.1.8 Tall, dark clouds that produce Y cirrus thunderstorms are … clouds. Z cumulonimbus (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2 Refer to the graph below showing the change in temperature with height through the layers of the atmosphere. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.8 D. Height (km) 100 D 80 C 60 40 B ozone layer 20 1 A 0 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 Temperature (◦ C) [Source: Examiner’s own graph (simplified)] 1.2.1 Layer A is the … A stratosphere. B troposphere. C mesosphere. D thermosphere. 1.2.2 The boundary labelled 1 is called the … A tropopause. B stratopause. C mesopause. D ionosphere. 1.2.3 In layer A the temperature decreases with height at an average rate of … A 1 ◦ C per 1 000 m. B 3,5 ◦ C per 1 000 m. C 6,5 ◦ C per 1 000 m. D 10 ◦ C per 1 000 m. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2.4 The temperature increases with height in layer B because … A the layer is close to the heated earth’s surface. B ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun. C clouds release latent heat. D meteors burn up in this layer. 1.2.5 Almost all weather (clouds, rain and storms) occurs in layer … A A. B B. C C. D D. 1.2.6 The coldest temperatures in the atmosphere are found at the top of layer … A A. B B. C C. D D. 1.2.7 The ionosphere, which reflects radio waves back to the earth, is found in layer … A A. B B. (7 x 1) (7) C C. D D. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.3 Refer to the sketch below showing the greenhouse effect. A B SUN to space layer of greenhouse gases C EARTH’S SURFACE [Source: Examiner’s own sketch] 1.3.1 Define the term greenhouse effect. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 Name ONE greenhouse gas. (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Identify the type of radiation shown at A and at B. (2 x 1) (2) 1.3.4 Explain how the burning of fossil fuels increases the amount of radiation (C) that is sent back to the earth’s surface. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the negative impact of global warming on people and the environment in South Africa. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.4 Refer to the sketch below showing a type of rainfall. X dry, warm air warm, moist air A B OCEAN [Source: Examiner’s own sketch] 1.4.1 Identify the type of rainfall shown in the sketch. (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 Define the term condensation. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.3 Which slope, A or B, is the windward slope? (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.4 Give TWO conditions that are necessary for condensation to take place at X. (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.5 Explain how clouds and rain form on slope A. (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.6 What is the dry area on the side of slope B called? (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.7 Explain why the area at B receives very little rainfall. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.5 Refer to the graph and the extract below on the ozone hole over Antarctica. 29 30 Maximum size of the 27 26 25 24 24 21 22 19 20 15 ozone hole (million km2 ) 15 10 5 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 THE OZONE LAYER IS SLOWLY HEALING Every spring (September to November) a large area of very thin ozone, known as the ozone hole, forms high above Antarctica. Scientists discovered in the 1980s that chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), once used in aerosol spray cans, fridges and air conditioners, destroy ozone. In 1987 countries signed the Montreal Protocol, an agreement to phase out the use of CFCs. Although the size of the ozone hole still changes from year to year, scientists expect the ozone layer to recover slowly over the next few decades. [Source: Examiner’s own graph (simplified, approximate values) and extract] 1.5.1 What is the ozone layer? (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.2 In which layer of the atmosphere is the ozone layer found? (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 In which year shown on the graph was the ozone hole the largest? (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.4 Describe the general trend in the size of the ozone hole from 2000 to 2025. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.5 Name the group of chemicals that destroys ozone, according to the extract. (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.6 Explain why the ozone layer is important for people. (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.7 Suggest ways in which individuals can help to protect the ozone layer. (2 x 2) (4) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.1.1 The thin, solid outer layer of the Y crust earth is the … Z mantle 2.1.2 The layer of the earth that consists Y inner core of liquid iron and nickel is the … Z outer core 2.1.3 The crust and the uppermost part Y asthenosphere of the mantle together form the … Z lithosphere 2.1.4 The supercontinent that existed Y Pangaea about 200 million years ago was … Z Laurasia 2.1.5 Rock that forms when magma or Y sedimentary lava cools and solidifies is … rock. Z igneous 2.1.6 Rock that forms when layers of Y sedimentary sediment are compacted and Z metamorphic cemented is … rock. 2.1.7 Plates move because of … in the Y convection mantle. Z currents ocean currents 2.1.8 A crack in the earth’s crust along Y fold which rocks have moved is a … Z fault (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2 Refer to the sketches below showing three types of plate boundaries, A, B and C. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.8 D. A B sea level P oceanic plate continental plate C plan view (from above) [Source: Examiner’s own sketches] 2.2.1 Boundary A, where the plates move apart, is a … boundary. A convergent B divergent C transform D destructive 2.2.2 The landform that forms on the ocean floor at boundary A is a/an … A oceanic trench. B fold mountain. C mid-ocean ridge. D rift valley. 2.2.3 At boundary B the denser oceanic plate sinks below the continental plate. This process is called … A subduction. B sea-floor spreading. C weathering. D faulting. 2.2.4 The long, deep depression in the ocean floor at P is a/an … A mid-ocean ridge. B oceanic trench. C graben. D crater. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2.5 At boundary C the plates … A move towards each other. B move away from each other. C slide past each other. D do not move. 2.2.6 An example of the type of boundary at C is the … A Himalayas. B Mid-Atlantic Ridge. C San Andreas Fault. D East African Rift Valley. 2.2.7 Fold mountains such as the Himalayas form where … A two continental plates converge. B two oceanic plates move apart. (7 x 1) (7) C plates slide past each other. D magma rises at a hot spot. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.3 Refer to the sketches below showing landforms caused by folding and faulting. A C B fault lines [Source: Examiner’s own sketches] 2.3.1 Define the term folding. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.2 Identify the parts of the fold labelled A and B. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.3 Name the type of force, shown by the arrows, that causes folding. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.4 Identify landform C. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.5 Explain how landform C was formed. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.6 Name ONE example of fold mountains in South Africa. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.7 Explain how fold mountains can have a negative influence on human activities. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 13 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.4 Refer to the extract below on an earthquake. TREMOR SHAKES MINING TOWN An earthquake with a magnitude of 4,9 shook a gold-mining town in the North West province early on Tuesday morning. The focus was about 3 km below the surface, close to the deep underground workings of a mine. Residents described how windows rattled, pictures fell off walls and cracks appeared in the walls of older houses. Twenty mineworkers were brought to the surface as a precaution and two people were treated in hospital for minor injuries. The tremor was recorded by seismographs of the Council for Geoscience. Experts said that small earthquakes in mining areas are often linked to the removal of large volumes of rock deep underground. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional event)] 2.4.1 Define the term earthquake. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 Name the instrument, mentioned in the extract, that records earthquakes. (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 What is the epicentre of an earthquake? (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.4 Give TWO effects of the earthquake from the extract. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest measures that authorities and communities can take to reduce the impact of earthquakes on people. (4 x 2) (8) 2.5 Refer to the cross-section below through a volcano. ash and gas C D layers of lava and ash B A [Source: Examiner’s own sketch] 2.5.1 Identify the features labelled A, B, C and D. (4 x 1) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 14 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.5.2 Differentiate between magma and lava. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.3 Identify the type of volcano shown in the cross-section. (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.4 Give ONE reason, evident in the sketch, for your answer to QUESTION 2.5.3. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 Explain why most volcanoes are found along plate boundaries. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.6 Explain the positive impact of volcanoes on people living near them. (2 x 2) (4) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 15 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON HUMANSDORP Co-ordinates: 34◦ 02′ S; 24◦ 46′ E Humansdorp is a town in the Kouga Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape, about 90 km west of Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth) and close to the coastal holiday town of Jeffreys Bay. It lies near the eastern end of the Cape Fold Mountains. The area receives rainfall throughout the year and the surrounding farms produce mainly dairy products, vegetables and fodder crops. The N2 national road and the R102 pass through the area. [Adapted from various sources] The following Afrikaans terms appear on the maps: AFRIKAANS ENGLISH Seekoeirivier Seekoei River Kromrivier Krom River Soutvlei Salt marsh Kontoertussenruimte Contour interval Verklaring Reference (key) 3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 The map code 3424BB indicates that the area shown on the map lies between … A 34◦ and 35◦ north of the equator. B 34◦ and 35◦ south of the equator. (1 x 1) (1) C 24◦ and 25◦ west of Greenwich. D 34◦ and 35◦ east of Greenwich. 3.1.2 The contour interval on the topographical map is … A 5 m. B 10 m. (1 x 1) (1) C 20 m. D 50 m. 3.1.3 The scale of the topographical map is … than the scale of the orthophoto map. A 5 times larger B 5 times smaller (1 x 1) (1) C 10 times smaller D 50 times larger 3.1.4 Calculate the straight-line distance in kilometres (km) from trigonometrical station 140 in block B3 to trigonometrical station 139 in block A5 on the topographical map. Formula: Actual distance = Map distance × Map scale (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.5 Determine the true bearing of trigonometrical station 139 (block A5) from trigonometrical station 140 (block B3). (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 16 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 3.1.6 Use the information on page 2 of the map file to calculate the magnetic declination of Humansdorp for 2026. Show ALL calculations. Difference in years: Mean annual change: (4 x 1) (4) Total change: Magnetic declination for 2026: 3.1.7 Use your answers to QUESTIONS 3.1.5 and 3.1.6 to calculate the magnetic bearing of trigonometrical station 139 from trigonometrical station 140 in 2026. Formula: Magnetic bearing = True bearing + Magnetic declination (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.8 Calculate the straight-line distance in metres (m) from spot height 111 to spot height 108 on the orthophoto map. (2 x 1) (2) 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 Refer to the line from 3 to 4 on the orthophoto map. Is the slope between 3 and 4 gentle or steep? (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Give evidence from the orthophoto map to support your answer to QUESTION 3.2.1. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.3 Identify the feature labelled 1 on the orthophoto map. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 Identify the feature labelled X in block F4 on the topographical map. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 Name the human-made feature shown at W in block F2 on the topographical map. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.6 In which general direction does the Seekoeirivier flow in block E5 on the topographical map? (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.7 The area around Humansdorp receives rainfall throughout the year. Give ONE piece of evidence from the topographical map to support this statement. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 Define the term remote sensing. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.2 Which map, the topographical map or the orthophoto map, has the higher resolution? (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 Name ONE example of a point feature and ONE example of a polygon feature on the topographical map. (2 x 1) (2) 3.3.4 Name ONE component of a GIS. (1 x 1) (1) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved