Geography Grade 10 P2 November Mock 2026 QP (Eng)

Mock hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 10 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 16 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of TWO sections. SECTION A QUESTION 1: POPULATION (60) QUESTION 2: WATER RESOURCES (60) SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30) 2. Answer ALL THREE questions. 3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER. 4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered. 5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page. 6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK. 8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so. 9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or list. 10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa, 14 ◦ C and 45 m. 11. You may use a non-programmable calculator. 12. You may use a magnifying glass. 13. Write neatly and legibly. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B 14. An extract from the 1 : 50 000 topographical map 2530BD MBOMBELA and an extract from the 1 : 10 000 orthophoto map 2530BD 25 MBOMBELA are provided on one A3 sheet, supplied with this mock as Geography Gr10 P2 Mock 2026 Map (2530BD Mbombela). The map sheet was first used in the 2022 Eastern Cape Grade 12 preparatory examination. Print it on A3 paper at 100% (actual size). 15. The area demarcated in RED on the topographical map represents the area covered by the orthophoto map. 16. Ignore the letters and numbers already printed on the maps (e.g. F, G, J, K and 2), unless a question refers to them. 17. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION A: POPULATION AND WATER RESOURCES QUESTION 1: POPULATION 1.1 Choose ONE term from the list below that matches each of the descriptions that follow. Write only the term next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 emigration. fertility rate; census; life expectancy; immigration; natural increase; refugee; brain drain; population distribution; population density; emigration 1.1.1 The average number of children that a woman is expected to have during her lifetime 1.1.2 An official count of all the people living in a country at a specific time 1.1.3 The average number of years that a person born in a country is expected to live 1.1.4 The movement of people into a country to live there permanently 1.1.5 The difference between the birth rate and the death rate 1.1.6 A person who is forced to flee his or her country because of war or persecution 1.1.7 The loss of skilled and highly educated people from a country 1.1.8 The way in which people are spread out over an area (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2 Refer to the graph below showing the demographic transition model (DTM). Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.8 D. 50 STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3 STAGE 4 Birth rate and death rate 40 birth rate total population 30 natural increase (per 1 000 per year) 20 death rate 10 0 [Source: Examiner’s own sketch (simplified)] 1.2.1 In stage 1 the birth rate and the death rate are both … A low. B high. C falling quickly. D rising quickly. 1.2.2 The death rate falls sharply in stage 2 mainly because of … A better health care, clean water and improved food supply. B an increase in the number of wars. C more women going to work. D an ageing population. 1.2.3 The population grows fastest in stage … A 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. 1.2.4 The birth rate falls in stage 3 because … A more children die before the age of five. B families need many children to work on farms. C family planning is used more and more women are educated and employed. D medical care is not available. 1.2.5 In stage 4 the natural increase is … A very high. B high. C increasing quickly. D very low. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.2.6 South Africa is presently in stage … of the DTM. A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 1.2.7 Countries in stage 4, such as Japan, have … population. A a young B an ageing (7 x 1) (7) C a rapidly growing D a mainly male Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.3 Refer to the population pyramid of Country X below. MALES Age (years) FEMALES 1.0 65+ 1.4 0.8 60–64 0.9 1.0 55–59 1.2 1.3 50–54 1.5 1.7 45–49 1.8 2.2 40–44 2.3 2.7 35–39 2.8 3.3 30–34 3.5 4.1 25–29 4.2 4.9 20–24 4.9 5.6 15–19 5.5 6.4 10–14 6.3 7.0 5–9 6.8 7.6 0–4 7.3 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 Percentage of total population Percentage of total population [Source: Examiner’s own data (fictional country)] 1.3.1 What is a population pyramid? (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 Is the population pyramid of Country X progressive or regressive? (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Which age group has the largest percentage of the population? (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 Calculate the total percentage of the population of Country X that is younger than 15 years. Show your calculation. (2 x 1) (2) 1.3.5 In which stage of the demographic transition model is Country X most likely to be? (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.6 Give evidence from the pyramid that females live longer than males in Country X. (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.7 Explain why the base of the population pyramid of Country X is wide. (3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.4 Refer to the extract below on population movement. LEAVING THE VILLAGE FOR THE CITY Lindiwe (19) grew up in a small village in the Eastern Cape. After finishing Grade 12 she could not find work. The nearest clinic is 25 km away, the local school has no science laboratory and the family’s maize field has produced very little in the past three dry years. Last month she moved to Johannesburg, where her cousin promised to help her find a job in a shop. She also hopes to study part-time at a college. Lindiwe now shares a small backyard room with three other people. “Life in the city is expensive and crowded,” she says, “but here I have a chance.” Every month thousands of young people make the same move from rural areas to the cities of Gauteng. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional person)] 1.4.1 Define the term rural–urban migration. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.2 Give TWO push factors from the extract that caused Lindiwe to leave her village. (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.3 Give TWO pull factors from the extract that attracted Lindiwe to Johannesburg. (2 x 1) (2) 1.4.4 Is Lindiwe’s move an example of voluntary or forced migration? (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the negative impact of rural–urban migration on the rural areas that people leave behind. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 8 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 1.5 Refer to the table below showing the population and area of four South African provinces. Province Population (2022) Area (km2 ) Population density (people per km2 ) Gauteng 15 100 000 18 178 831 KwaZulu-Natal 12 400 000 94 361 131 Mpumalanga 5 100 000 76 495 67 Northern Cape 1 360 000 372 889 ? [Source: Adapted from Statistics South Africa, Census 2022 (rounded figures)] 1.5.1 Define the term population density. (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.2 Which province in the table is the most densely populated? (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Calculate the population density of the Northern Cape. Show your calculation. Total population Formula: Population density = (2 x 1) (2) Area (km2 ) 1.5.4 Explain how physical (natural) factors cause the low population density of the Northern Cape. (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.5 Explain how human factors cause the high population density of Gauteng. (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.6 Explain ONE problem caused by the high population density in Gauteng. (1 x 2) (2) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 9 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock QUESTION 2: WATER RESOURCES 2.1 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write only Y or Z next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.9 Y. COLUMN A COLUMN B 2.1.1 Most of the earth’s water is found Y rivers and lakes in the … Z oceans 2.1.2 Water stored underground in the Y groundwater pores and cracks of rocks is … Z runoff 2.1.3 A large body of water stored Y estuary behind a dam wall is a/an … Z reservoir 2.1.4 Water that is safe to drink is … Y potable water. Z grey 2.1.5 The process of removing salt from Y desalination sea water is … Z irrigation 2.1.6 The mean annual rainfall of South Y higher Africa is … than the world average. Z lower 2.1.7 The economic sector that uses the Y mining most water in South Africa is … Z agriculture (irrigation) 2.1.8 Used water from baths, basins Y grey and washing machines that can be Z potable re-used for gardens is … water. (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 10 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2 Refer to the sketch map below showing ocean currents around South Africa. Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.8 D. N cold current warm current A B Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean [Source: Examiner’s own sketch map] 2.2.1 Ocean current A is the … Current. A Agulhas B Mozambique C Benguela D Gulf Stream 2.2.2 Ocean current B is the … Current. A Agulhas B Benguela C Humboldt D Canary 2.2.3 Ocean current A is a … current that flows … A warm; southwards B cold; northwards C warm; northwards D cold; southwards 2.2.4 The west coast of South Africa is dry because the cold current … A warms the air above it so that it rises. B cools the air above it so that it does not rise to form rain clouds. C brings moist air onto the land. D causes thunderstorms over the coast. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 11 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.2.5 Coastal fog forms along the west coast when … A warm, moist air moves over the cold ocean current and cools. B cold air moves over a warm ocean current. C air rises over mountains. D hot, dry air from the interior reaches the coast. 2.2.6 The upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water along the west coast results in … A coral reefs. B rich fishing grounds. C high rainfall. D warm beaches for tourism. 2.2.7 The warm current B causes the east coast of South Africa to be … A dry and cool. B foggy and cold. (7 x 1) (7) C warm and humid with higher rainfall. D a desert. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 12 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.3 Refer to the sketch map and the extract below on the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP). N GAUTENG Vaal Dam SOUTH AFRICA rivers that flow into the Vaal Dam transfer tunnel Katse Dam Mohale Dam LESOTHO [Source: Examiner’s own sketch map (simplified, not to scale)] WATER FROM THE MOUNTAINS Gauteng is South Africa’s economic heartland, but it lies far from large rivers and receives too little rain to supply its millions of people and its industries. Through the LHWP, water from dams high in the mountains of Lesotho is transferred through tunnels into rivers that flow into the Vaal Dam, which supplies Gauteng. South Africa pays Lesotho royalties for the water, and the project also generates hydro-electricity for Lesotho. However, the building of the dams flooded farmland and forced some villages to move. [Source: Examiner’s own extract] 2.3.1 Define the term inter-basin water transfer. (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.2 Name the dam in South Africa that receives the water from Lesotho. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Explain why Gauteng has to obtain water from other areas. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.4 Explain how the LHWP benefits Lesotho. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.5 Explain the negative impact of large dams on people and the natural environment. (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 13 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.4 Refer to the extract below on water pollution. RIVER TURNS GREEN Residents living along a river in a fictional town, Riverside, have complained that the water has turned green and smells bad. Tests show high levels of bacteria (E. coli) downstream of the town’s sewage treatment works, where pumps and pipes often break down and untreated sewage overflows into the river. Fertiliser washes into the river from nearby farms, and plastic and other litter are dumped on the riverbanks. Thick mats of algae now cover parts of the river and several fish have died. Villagers downstream who use the river water for drinking and washing have been warned to boil all water before use. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional town)] 2.4.1 Define the term water pollution. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 Give TWO sources of water pollution mentioned in the extract. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.3 Name ONE waterborne disease that people who drink the polluted water could get. (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.4 Explain how fertiliser and sewage cause the growth of algae in the river. (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest measures that the municipality and the community can take to improve the quality of water in the river. (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 14 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 2.5 Refer to the extract below on floods. FLASH FLOOD SWEEPS THROUGH SETTLEMENT More than 300 families lost their homes when a small stream burst its banks after 110 mm of rain fell in four hours. Most of the shacks had been built on the floodplain, very close to the stream. Residents said that the stormwater drains were blocked with rubbish and that the paved roads and roofs of a new shopping centre upstream sent large amounts of water into the stream. Disaster management teams provided food, blankets and temporary shelter. [Source: Examiner’s own extract (fictional event)] 2.5.1 Define the term flood. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.2 Name the physical (natural) cause of the flood, according to the extract. (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Give TWO human factors from the extract that made the flood worse. (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.4 Explain why towns and cities flood more quickly than rural areas after heavy rain. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.5 Explain why people living in informal settlements are more at risk of floods. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.6 Suggest ways in which the municipality can reduce the impact of future floods in the settlement. (2 x 2) (4) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 15 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES GENERAL INFORMATION ON MBOMBELA Co-ordinates: 25◦ 28′ S; 30◦ 58′ E Mbombela (formerly Nelspruit) is the capital of Mpumalanga. It lies in the Lowveld on the banks of the Crocodile River (Umgwenya), about 330 km east of Johannesburg on the N4 national road. The city has a subtropical climate with hot, wet summers and mild, dry winters. Citrus, macadamia nuts and subtropical fruit are grown on the surrounding farms. The city’s population has grown quickly as people move to the area for work, education and services. Mbombela Stadium was built for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. [Adapted from various sources] The following Afrikaans terms appear on the maps: AFRIKAANS ENGLISH Gebied van ortofoto kaart Area of orthophoto map Kontoertussenruimte Contour interval Verklaring Reference (key) Spruit Stream 3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS 3.1.1 Trigonometrical station 141 in block E5 lies … of trigonometrical station 100 in block D3 on the topographical map. A north-east B south-east (1 x 1) (1) C south-west D north-west 3.1.2 On the topographical map, 1 cm represents … on the ground. A 50 m B 100 m (1 x 1) (1) C 500 m D 5 km 3.1.3 The contour interval on the orthophoto map is … A 5 m. B 10 m. (1 x 1) (1) C 20 m. D 50 m. 3.1.4 Calculate the difference in height between trigonometrical station 100 in block D3 and trigonometrical station 141 in block E5 on the topographical map. (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.5 Calculate the straight-line distance in kilometres (km) from trigonometrical station 100 (block D3) to trigonometrical station 141 (block E5) on the topographical map. Formula: Actual distance = Map distance × Map scale (2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 16 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC Mock 3.1.6 Calculate the area of block A1 on the topographical map in km2 . Measure the length (west to east) and the breadth (north to south) of the block. Show ALL calculations. Formula: Area = Length (L) × Breadth (B) (4 x 1) (4) 3.1.7 Use the information below the topographical map to calculate the magnetic declination of Mbombela for 2026. Show ALL calculations. Difference in years: Mean annual change: (4 x 1) (4) Total change: Magnetic declination for 2026: 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION 3.2.1 Identify the feature labelled H in block B4 on the topographical map. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Name the river on which feature H is found. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.3 In which general direction does this river flow in block C5? (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 Name the crop that is grown on the farms in block A3. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 Give ONE piece of evidence from the topographical map that river water is used for irrigation. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.6 Explain how the sewerage works in block C4 could pollute the river next to it. (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.7 Identify the land-use zone labelled 1 on the orthophoto map. (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.8 Name TWO features (services or facilities) on the topographical map that attract people to migrate to Mbombela. (2 x 1) (2) 3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.3.1 Define the term Geographical Information System (GIS). (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.2 The Crocodile River (Umgwenya) will be shown as a … feature in GIS. A point B line (1 x 1) (1) C polygon D raster 3.3.3 Name TWO data layers that the municipality could use in a GIS to identify areas along the river that are at risk of flooding. (2 x 1) (2) [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved