Geography Grade 10 Paper 2 November Mock 2026 Memo (English)

hlayiso mock exams Practice Series: Grade 10 Exam Preparation WWW.HLAYISO.COM NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 GEOGRAPHY P2 NOVEMBER EXAMINATION 2026 (MOCK) MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 7 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 2 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines NOTE TO MARKERS: • Accept alternative answers that are correct and relevant to the question, even if not listed. • A mark is allocated for each correct fact. For (2 x 2) questions, award 2 marks per complete, well-explained point. • Paragraph questions (approximately EIGHT lines): assess the quality and relevance of the response. • For calculations, follow the steps indicated. Measurements were taken on the A3 map sheet printed at 100%; accept answers within the given ranges. SECTION A QUESTION 1: POPULATION 1.1 1.1.1 fertility rate (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.1.2 census (1) 1.1.3 life expectancy (1) 1.1.4 immigration (1) 1.1.5 natural increase (1) 1.1.6 refugee (1) 1.1.7 brain drain (1) 1.1.8 population distribution (1) 1.2 1.2.1 B (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.2.2 A (1) 1.2.3 B (1) 1.2.4 C (1) 1.2.5 D (1) 1.2.6 C (1) 1.2.7 B (1) 1.3.1 A graph (bar graph) that shows the structure (composition) of a (1 x 2) (2) population by age groups and gender (2) 1.3.2 Progressive (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 0–4 years (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 Males: 7,6 + 7,0 + 6,4 = 21,0%; Females: 7,3 + 6,8 + 6,3 = 20,4% (1) (2 x 1) (2) Total = 41,4% (1) 1.3.5 Stage 2 (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.6 There are more females (1,4%) than males (1,0%) in the 65+ age (1 x 2) (2) group (2) The female bars are longer than the male bars in the older age groups (2) [ANY ONE] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 3 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3.7 High birth rate/fertility rate – many babies are born (2) (3 x 2) (6) Limited use of family planning/contraceptives (2) Low levels of education, especially of women (2) Cultural and religious beliefs favour large families (2) Children are needed to work on farms and to support parents in old age (2) Early marriages lengthen the child-bearing years (2) High infant mortality rates encourage parents to have more children (2) [ANY THREE] 1.4.1 The movement (migration) of people from rural (countryside) areas (1 x 2) (2) to urban areas (towns and cities) (2) 1.4.2 Could not find work/unemployment (1) (2 x 1) (2) Clinic is far away (25 km)/poor health services (1) Poor school facilities (no science laboratory) (1) Crop failure/drought (maize field produced little) (1) [ANY TWO] 1.4.3 Job opportunities (job in a shop) (1) (2 x 1) (2) Opportunity to study at a college/better education (1) Support from family (cousin) (1) Better chances in life (1) [ANY TWO] 1.4.4 Voluntary (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.5 Loss of young, economically active people (labour) (2); fewer (4 x 2) (8) people to farm, so food production declines (2); mostly the elderly and children are left behind (high dependency) (2); skills and leadership are lost (rural brain drain) (2); schools, clinics and shops close as the population declines (2); families are split up/children raised by grandparents (2); rural economy declines and poverty increases (2); government spends less on services in shrinking areas (2); remittances may be the only income (2) [ANY FOUR] 1.5.1 The number of people living per unit area (per square kilometre) (2) (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.2 Gauteng (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1 360 000 1.5.3 (1) (2 x 1) (2) 372 889 = 3,6 people per km2 (1) (accept 3,65 / 4) 1.5.4 Low and unreliable rainfall/dry (arid and semi-arid) climate (2) (2 x 2) (4) Very high summer temperatures (2) Shortage of surface water (few perennial rivers) (2) Poor, thin soils that are unsuitable for crop farming (2) Sparse natural vegetation that supports only extensive farming (2) [ANY TWO] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 4 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5.5 Many job opportunities in industries, mining, trade and services (2 x 2) (4) attract people (2) It is the economic hub/centre of South Africa (2) Well-developed infrastructure and services (transport, schools, hospitals) (2) Many people migrate from other provinces and countries to Gauteng (2) The province is small in area (2) [ANY TWO] 1.5.6 Shortage of housing leads to informal settlements (2) (1 x 2) (2) Overcrowding puts pressure on services such as water, sanitation and electricity (2) Traffic congestion (2) Unemployment and crime (2) Pollution of air, water and land (2) Spread of diseases (2) [ANY ONE] [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 5 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: WATER RESOURCES 2.1 2.1.1 Z (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.1.2 Y (1) 2.1.3 Z (1) 2.1.4 Y (1) 2.1.5 Y (1) 2.1.6 Z (1) 2.1.7 Z (1) 2.1.8 Y (1) 2.2 2.2.1 C (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2.2 A (1) 2.2.3 B (1) 2.2.4 B (1) 2.2.5 A (1) 2.2.6 B (1) 2.2.7 C (1) 2.3.1 The transfer of water from one river basin (catchment) to another (1 x 2) (2) river basin where there is a shortage of water (2) 2.3.2 Vaal Dam (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Gauteng is not located on a large river (2) (2 x 2) (4) The rainfall is too low/seasonal to meet the demand (2) The population is very large and growing (2) Industries and mines use large amounts of water (2) High evaporation rates reduce local supplies (2) Local water sources are polluted (e.g. by acid mine drainage) (2) [ANY TWO] 2.3.4 Lesotho earns royalties (income) from South Africa for the water (2) (2 x 2) (4) It generates hydro-electricity, so Lesotho imports less electricity (2) Roads and other infrastructure were built in remote areas (2) Jobs were created during construction and maintenance (2) The dams attract tourists (e.g. boating, fishing) (2) [ANY TWO] 2.3.5 Farmland and homes are flooded, forcing people to relocate (2) (2 x 2) (4) Natural habitats are destroyed and biodiversity is lost (2) Less water flows downstream, affecting ecosystems and water users (2) Sediment is trapped behind the dam, so downstream soils and estuaries receive fewer nutrients (2) Fish migration is blocked (2) Loss of cultural and heritage sites (graves) (2) [ANY TWO] 2.4.1 The contamination of water by harmful substances (chemicals, (1 x 2) (2) sewage, waste) that makes it unsafe for use (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 6 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4.2 Untreated sewage from the sewage treatment works (1) (2 x 1) (2) Fertiliser from farms (1) Plastic and litter dumped on the riverbanks (1) [ANY TWO] 2.4.3 Cholera/typhoid/diarrhoea/dysentery/bilharzia/hepatitis A (1) (1 x 1) (1) [ANY ONE] 2.4.4 Fertiliser and sewage add nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) to the (1 x 2) (2) water, which act as food for algae, causing rapid algal growth (eutrophication) (2) 2.4.5 Repair and maintain the sewage pumps and pipes (2); upgrade the (4 x 2) (8) treatment works to handle more sewage (2); monitor water quality regularly and publish results (2); fine polluters and enforce environmental laws (2); farmers must use less fertiliser and keep buffer strips of vegetation along the river (2); provide enough refuse bins and regular rubbish collection (2); organise community river clean-up campaigns (2); educate the community about the dangers of pollution (2); remove algae and invasive plants (2); plant indigenous vegetation along the riverbanks (2) [ANY FOUR] 2.5.1 When a river overflows its banks and water covers land that is (1 x 2) (2) normally dry (2) 2.5.2 Heavy rainfall (110 mm in four hours) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Shacks built on the floodplain/close to the stream (1) (2 x 1) (2) Stormwater drains blocked with rubbish (1) Paved roads and roofs (of the shopping centre) increased runoff (1) [ANY TWO] 2.5.4 Urban areas have impermeable (hard) surfaces such as tar, (2 x 2) (4) concrete and roofs (2) Less water infiltrates into the soil, so surface runoff increases (2) Stormwater drains carry water quickly to rivers (2) There is less vegetation to intercept and slow down rainwater (2) [ANY TWO] 2.5.5 They are often built on floodplains/low-lying land close to rivers (2) (1 x 2) (2) Shacks are built of weak materials that are easily washed away (2) There is poor or no stormwater drainage (2) Residents cannot afford insurance or to rebuild (2) [ANY ONE] 2.5.6 Relocate people away from the floodplain (2) (2 x 2) (4) Enforce building laws that prevent building below the flood line (2) Clean and maintain stormwater drains regularly (2) Build larger stormwater channels/retention ponds (2) Install early-warning systems (2); provide regular refuse removal (2); plant vegetation to slow down runoff (2) [ANY TWO] [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P2 7 Hlayiso/Mock 2026 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 A (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.4 828,3 m – 705,1 m (1) (2 x 1) (2) = 123,2 m (1) 3.1.5 5,3 cm × 0,5 km (1) (range 5,2 – 5,4 cm) (2 x 1) (2) = 2,65 km (1) (range 2,6 – 2,7 km) 3.1.6 L = 3,35 cm × 0,5 km = 1,68 km (1) (3,3 – 3,4 cm) (4 x 1) (4) B = 3,7 cm × 0,5 km = 1,85 km (1) (3,6 – 3,8 cm) Area = 1,68 km × 1,85 km (1) = 3,1 km2 (1) (range 2,97 – 3,23 km2 ) 3.1.7 Difference in years: 2026 − 2014 = 12 years (1) (4 x 1) (4) Total change: 12 × 5′ = 60′ = 1◦ 00′ (1) Magnetic declination 2026: 18◦ 12′ + 1◦ 00′ = 19◦ 12′ (1) west of true north (1) 3.2.1 Waterfall (Umgwenya Waterfall) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Crocodile River (Umgwenya) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.3 South-east/east (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 Citrus (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 Canals (1); furrows (1); weir (1); cultivated land next to the river (1) (1 x 1) (1) [ANY ONE] 3.2.6 Untreated sewage can overflow or leak into the river during (1 x 2) (2) breakdowns or heavy rain (2) OR nutrients and bacteria can seep through the ground into the river (2) 3.2.7 Industrial (zone) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.8 Hospitals (1); schools/college (1); industries (Riverside Industrial (2 x 1) (2) Park) (1); shops/business centre (CBD) (1); stadium/recreation grounds/golf course/showgrounds (1); research station (1); aerodrome/good roads (N4)/railway (1) [ANY TWO] 3.3.1 A computer-based system that captures, stores, analyses, (1 x 2) (2) manages and displays spatial (geographical) data (2) 3.3.2 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 Rivers/drainage (1); contours/height (relief) (1); flood (2 x 1) (2) lines/floodplains (1); rainfall (1); buildings/settlements/land use (1); soil type (1); records of past floods (1) [ANY TWO] [30] TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved