Agricultural Sciences Grade 11 P2 2018 Memo (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2018 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 10 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 D √√ 1.1.2 A √√ 1.1.3 D √√ 1.1.4 C √√ 1.1.5 A √√ 1.1.6 C √√ 1.1.7 C √√ 1.1.8 D √√ 1.1.9 A √√ 1.1.10 B √√ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 D √√ 1.2.2 H √√ 1.2.3 A √√ 1.2.4 G √√ 1.2.5 F √√ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Stamen √√ 1.3.2 Pruning √√ 1.3.3 Humus √√ 1.3.4 Band placement √√ 1.3.5 Soil survey √√ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Xylem √ 1.4.2 Evaporation pan √ 1.4.3 Groundwater √ 1.4.4 Primary tillage √ 1.4.5 Greenhouses √ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B: QUESTION 2: PLANT NUTRITION 2.1 Processes in plant production 2.1.1 Identification of the processes A – Respiration √ B – Photosynthesis √ (2) 2.1.2 Tabulation of the difference between the TWO processes Photosynthesis Respiration (a) Carbohydrates Are formed and Are broken down and energy is stored in energy is released. √ these carbohydrates √ (2) (b) Oxygen Oxygen is released Oxygen is absorbed from into the the atmosphere √ atmosphere. √ (2) 2.1.3 TWO pigments involved in the process  Chlorophyll √  Carotenes √  Carotenoids √  Xantophylls √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.4 End products of photosynthesis  Carbohydrates √  Oxygen √ (2) 2.1.5 Phases of the photosynthesis  Hill reaction/light phase √  Calvin cycle/dark phase √ (2) 2.2 Storage organs 2.2.1 Matching the examples of food with their storage organs (a) Sunflower √ (b) Sweet potato √ (c) Ginger √ (3) 2.2.2 TWO adaptation features of plants to reduce transpiration  Thick cuticle √  Hairy leaves √  Pinnas/small leaf surface √  Small sunken stomata √ (Any 2 x 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) 2.3 Plant nutrients 2.3.1 Classification A – micro element √ (1) Naming of elements  Manganese √ (1)  Magnesium √ (1) 2.3.2 TWO primary nutrients  Potassium √  Nitrates √  Phosphates √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) TWO secondary nutrients  Calcium √  Magnesium √ (2) 2.3.3 TWO non-mineral elements  Hydrogen √  Oxygen √ (2) 2.4 Organic fertilisers 2.4.1 Effects of different organic fertilisers on plant height Organic fertilisers Height of plants (cm) Compost 6 100 Chicken dung 4 500 Peat moss 4 300 Fish waste 4 200 Cow dung 4 200 1 mark for the table √ 1 mark for title/heading/caption √ 1 mark for indicating all fertilisers √ 1 mark for all correct height √ (4) 2.4.2 Identification of organic fertiliser Compost √ (1) Justification Has the highest height / growth than the other fertilisers √ (1) 2.4.3 ONE factors to consider when using farm manure  The age of the animal √  Type of ration fed to animals √  Age of the manure √  Individuality of animals √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 2.4.4 TWO methods of fertiliser application  Band application √  Foliar application √  Aerial application √  Broadcasting √  Fertigation √  Application through irrigation water √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION 3.1 Dicotyledonous flower 3.1.1 Identification of the number representing the part Number 3 √ (1) 3.1.2 Indication of whether the flower is unisexual or bisexual Bisexual flower √ (1) Motivate your answer The flower has both male and female sex organs. √ (1) 3.1.3 Number of the structure responsible for the attraction of insects Number 5 √ (1) 3.1.4 (a) Two male nuclei Vegetative nuclei √ Generative nuclei √ (2) (b) ONE function performed by each nuclei Vegetative nuclei – directs pollen tube towards the ovum √ (1) Generative nuclei – fertilises the egg cell √ (1) 3.2 Asexual reproduction 3.2.1 Matching diagrams to asexual reproduction methods (a) Rhizome √ (1) (b) Grafting √ (1) (c) Corms √ (1) (d) Bulb √ (1) 3.2.2 TWO disadvantages of vegetative reproduction  No genetic variation in the progeny √  Susceptible to pests and diseases √  Overcrowding may lead to competition for resources √  Expert knowledge and skill is required √  Plants with poorly developed root system √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) 3.2.3 Indication of parts joined in method labelled B Scion √ Root stock √ (2) 3.2.4 TWO advantages of gene mutation  Contributes to the conservation and use of plant genetic √  Provides additional income for farmers √  Desirable traits such as disease resistance can be induced √  Contributes to food security √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.3 Genetic Modification 3.3.1 Impact of GM crops  Higher yield √ (1) 3.3.2 Calculation of total yield of yellow maize in kg 60 x 5 = 300 tons √ = 300 x 1 000 √ = 300 000 kg √ (3) 3.3.3 TWO public concerns about the use of GM crops  Health risk/allergies √  Environmental risk / Beneficial insects could be killed √  Socio-economic concern / Monopoly √  Ethical issues √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.4 Weeds 3.4.1 THREE adaptations of weeds  Grow easily in disturbed environment √  Produce large quantities of seeds which are easily dispersed √  Seeds are often persistent in the soil seed bank for many years √  Can thrive in extreme environmental conditions such as drought √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.4.2 Explain integrated pest management Is a comprehensive control program where different methods √ such as mechanical control, chemical control and biological agents are integrated to fight weed pests √ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 3.4.3 TWO reasons IPM regarded as a preferred method of weed control  Promotes healthy plants √  Prevents pollution of water systems by different chemicals √  Protects ecosystem and biodiversity √  Environmentally friendly √  Labour and chemical application equipment costs are lower √  Natural enemies of pests are protected, which limits the spread of pests and diseases √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.5 Plant diseases 3.5.1 Potatoes / tomatoes / eggplant / tobacco cotton / ginger √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.5.2 Aphids / mites rain / water / insects / animals √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.5.3 Moulds √ (1) 3.5.4 Grapes / shrubs / palms √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) [35] QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION 4.1 Soil survey 4.1.1 TWO characteristics to consider in a soil survey  Degree of erosion on the farm √  Texture of the soil √  Depth of the soil √  The number of rocks in the soil √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.1.2 TWO aims of precision farming  Enable the farmer to have more precise control over planting and husbandry practices √  To farm each sub-field as a separate unit allowing for a farmer to optimise the production factors over which he has control √ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) 4.2 Irrigation 4.2.1 TWO main sources of water used for irrigation  Groundwater √  Surface water √  Under river flow √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.2.2 TWO factors influencing water quality  Salinity / total dissolved salts √  Water infiltration √  Specific ion toxicity √  Excessive nutrients √  Scale deposits √  Mineral content √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.2.3 TWO disadvantages of the centre pivot system  When the wind blows the distribution of water is uneven √  On hot days evaporation losses are high √  Surface compaction occurs in unstable soil √  Energy use is high √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3 Drainage system 4.3.1 Identification of layouts A – Natural system √ B – Herringbone √ C – Grid √ (3) 4.3.2 Topography/terrains of each layout A – Undulated land with scattered wet patches √ B – Land with a clear depression down the middle √ C – Level ground √ (3) 4.4 Structures in an intensive production system 4.4.1 Identification of the structure Greenhouse √ (1) 4.4.2 TWO advantage of greenhouse  Crops that would normally not grow in a particular area can be grown √  Crops can be produced for specific market dates √  Quality products can be produced√  More crops can be obtained throughout the year √  Productivity per crop is increased √  The percentage of germination is higher in greenhouses √  Pest and disease control is more effective √  Damage due to frost, wind and rain is eliminated √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 9 4.3.3 TWO growth mediums in hydroponics  Perlite √  Vermiculite √  Cocopeat √  Rockwool √  Clay pebbles √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.5 Conservation tillage 4.5.1 TWO types of conservation practices  Mulching √  Strip tillage √  No/zero tillage √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.5.2 Tabulation between monoculture and crop rotation Monoculture Crop rotation (a) Soil erosion Can lead to soil erosionWill produce high as the structure of soilvolume of organic may be destroyed √ matter that will protect the soil against soil erosion √ (2) (b) Implements used The farmer can use same Growing different implements each year crops require because same crop is different planted √ implements √ (2) 4.5.3 Labelling of implements A – Mould board plough √ B – Disc plough √ C – Chiesel plough √ (3) 4.5.4 Identification of implement used for primary cultivation A / Mould board plough √ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2018) 4.6 Aquaculture 4.6.1 Reason of farming exotic species  They grow better and faster √  Some people prefer eating exotic fish √  They are hardy √  They are more fertile, breed easily and produce many young √  They are more in demand and provide a larger market √  They are profitable to cultivate √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.6.2 TWO requirements of aquaculture  Good water quality √  Dissolved oxygen √  Feed management √  pH √  Maintenance √  Nitrogenous compounds√  Disease control √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over