Agricultural Sciences Grade 11 P2 2022 Memo (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2022 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 8 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 A ✓✓ 1.1.2 B ✓✓ 1.1.3 B ✓✓ 1.1.4 D ✓✓ 1.1.5 C ✓✓ 1.1.6 A ✓✓ 1.1.7 D ✓✓ 1.1.8 B ✓✓ 1.1.9 C ✓✓ 1.1.10 B ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 D ✓✓ 1.2.2 G ✓✓ 1.2.3 B ✓✓ 1.2.4 E ✓✓ 1.2.5 C ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Fertilisers ✓✓ 1.3.2 Gypsum ✓✓ 1.3.3 Fertilisation ✓✓ 1.3.4 Biotechnology ✓✓ 1.3.5 Aquaculture ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Chlorosis ✓ 1.4.2 fungicides ✓ 1.4.3 Tensiometer ✓ 1.4.4 Zero tillage / No till ✓ 1.4.5 mulching ✓ (5 x 1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B QUESTION 2: PLANT STUDIES (NUTRITION) 2.1 2.1.1 Plant organs where products of photosynthesis are stored • Leaves ✓ • Stems ✓ • Roots ✓ • Tubers ✓ • Bulbs ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.2 Effect of climate change on photosynthetic rates • The high atmospheric CO2 ✓/ high temperatures ✓ associated with climate is expected to result in higher rates of photosynthesis ✓ OR • Extremely low temperatures ✓ will result in low photosynthetic rates ✓ OR • Low rainfall ✓ will result in low photosynthetic rates ✓ (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis (bubble release) 45 Number of bubbles 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 15 20 25 30 35 40 Temperature (°C) Marking checklist • Correct heading with both variables ✓ • Correct graph type ✓ • Units (°C) ✓ • y-axis: Correct labelling and calibration ✓ • x-axis: Correct labelling and calibration ✓ • Correct plotting (80% and more correct plotting) ✓ (6) 2.2.2 Description of trend shown in the graph The higher the temperature, ✓ the higher the number of bubbles evolved. ✓ (2) 2.2.3 Methods of manipulating temperature • Use of a greenhouse / tunnel ✓ • Plant density ✓ • Trellising plants ✓ • Pruning ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 2.3 2.3.1 Transport method A – Active transport ✓ B – Simple diffusion ✓ C – Facilitated diffusion ✓ (3) 2.3.2 Difference between osmosis and diffusion Diffusion is the movement of any substance from a region of its higher concentration to a region of its lower concentration, ✓ while osmosis is a special type of diffusion that involves movement water molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration ✓ (2) 2.3.3 Functions of water in plants • Medium for metabolic processes ✓ • Temperature regulation ✓ • Structural support ✓ • Transport of nutrients /products of photosynthesis ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.4 2.4.1 Labels A – Phosphorus ✓ B – Potassium ✓ C – Micro ✓ D – Leaf chlorosis ✓ (4) 2.4.2 Methods that can be used to determine the nutrient status of soils • Soil analysis ✓ • Plant analysis ✓ (2) 2.4.3 Factors influencing nutrient availability • Soil texture ✓ • Soil pH ✓ (2) 2.5 2.5.1 Classification of fertiliser Organic fertiliser ✓ (1) 2.5.2 Physical benefits of animal manure mentioned in the passage • Improves soil structure ✓ • Increases water holding capacity ✓ • Improves drainage of clay soils ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.5.3 Potential dangers associated with the use of animal manure • May contain pathogens ✓ • Too much fertiliser can lead to eutrophication of water sources ✓ (2) 2.5.4 Another type of manure that is not mentioned in the passage Green manure ✓ (1) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION AND PROTECTION 3.1 3.1.1 Identification of pollination type Cross pollination ✓ (1) 3.1.2 Pollination agent shown in the diagram Bee ✓ (1) 3.1.3 Non-sexual parts of flower in the diagram • Petals / corolla ✓ • Sepals / calyx ✓ (2) 3.1.4 Collective name of structures C and B • Pistil / Gynoecium ✓ (1) 3.1.5 Name and function of structure E Anther ✓ – Produces pollen grains ✓ (2) 3.1.6 Adaptations of the flowers for cross pollination • Different height of the stigma and anther ✓ • Different timings of maturation of stigma and anther ✓ • Self-sterility ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.2 3.2.1 Identification of process shown in the diagram Germination ✓ (1) 3.2.2 Basic requirements for successful germination • Warmth ✓ • Moisture ✓ • Plant hormones ✓ (2) 3.2.3 Methods of hastening germination • Priming / soaking seeds ✓ • Scarification ✓ (2) 3.3 Identification of an example of a plant 3.3.1 • Roses ✓ (1) • Onions ✓ (1) • Potatoes ✓ (1) • Strawberries ✓ (1) 3.3.2 Definition of asexual reproduction Production of new plants ✓ without fusion of gametes ✓ (2) 3.3.3 Disadvantages of asexual reproduction • Lack of genetic variation / reduced gene pool ✓ • Negative mutations are passed onto offspring ✓ • Less chances to survive environmental changes ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 3.4 3.4.1 Identification of micro-organisms • Virus ✓ • Bacteria ✓ • Fungi ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.4.2 Identification of pathogen and its vector Virus ✓ – Aphid ✓ (2) 3.4.3 Modes of pathogen transmission • Infected seed or seedlings ✓ • Infected clothing ✓ • Infected tools and equipment ✓ • Vectors such as sucking insects ✓ • Spores which can be transmitted by wing or water ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.4.4 Measures for preventing spread of plant diseases • Remove all weeds ✓ • Avoid overcrowding plants ✓ • Use disease resistant varieties ✓ • Practice intercropping ✓ • Disinfect pruning tools ✓ • Practice crop rotation ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.5 3.5.1 Identification of pest management method Integrated Pest Management ✓ (1) 3.5.2 Benefits of IPM • Not harmful to the environment ✓ • Reduces need to purchase expensive chemical pesticides ✓ • Less chemicals in food ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.5.3 Challenges rural farmers might face in implementing IPM • Lack of knowledge ✓ • Lack of funds to purchase chemical pesticides ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION 4.1 4.1.1 Identification of cropping system Crop rotation ✓ (1) 4.1.2 Benefits of crop rotation • Protects the farmer from total crop failure ✓ • Maintains soil fertility ✓ • Improves soil structure ✓ • Controls pests and diseases ✓ • Increases soil nitrogen content ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.1.3 Principles applied when designing a crop rotation programme • Crops that require the same nutrients should not follow each other ✓ • Crops that are affected by the same pests and diseases should not follow each other ✓ • Shallow rooted crops should be followed by deep rooted crops ✓ (3) 4.1.4 Common name given to crops planted in Year 3 Legumes ✓ (1) 4.1.5 Role of legumes in a rotation programme Legumes form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing, ✓ which enables them to increase the soil’s nitrogen content. ✓ (2) 4.2 4.2.1 Methods of powering tillage • Human power ✓ • Draft-animal power ✓ (2) 4.2.2 Examples of tools that can be used during human powered tillage • Pick ✓ • Hoe ✓ • Mattock ✓ • Rake ✓ • Spade ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.2.3 Functions of soil tillage • To improve soil aeration and infiltration capacity ✓ • To break up soil crusts ✓ • Destroy weeds ✓ • To incorporate fertilisers and organic matter into the soil ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.2.4 Differentiation of primary from secondary cultivation/tillage Primary tillage cut and shatters the soil with deep penetration tools ✓ to produce a rough surface finish, ✓ whereas secondary tillage aims to level and firm the top part of the soil ✓ to produce a smoother surface finish. ✓ (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2022) 4.3 4.3.1 Identification of structure in the picture Greenhouse / tunnel ✓ (1) 4.3.2 Advantages of using greenhouses/tunnels • Crop damage due to frost and rain is eliminated ✓ • Crops can be grown all year round ✓ • High quality crops can be produced ✓ • Yields can be improved ✓ • Crops that would normally not grow in a particular area can be grown ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3.3 Environmental conditions to be considered when selecting a location for a greenhouse • Light ✓ • Temperature ✓ • Relative humidity ✓ • Plant diseases ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.4 4.4.1 Identification of process Irrigation ✓ (1) 4.4.2 Sources of irrigation water • Lakes / dams ✓ • Permanent rivers / streams ✓ • Aquifers / springs / boreholes ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4.3 Benefits of irrigation • Minimises crop water stress ✓ • Increases crop yields and quality ✓ (2) 4.4.4 Signs of poor-quality irrigation water • Salinity ✓ • Turbidity ✓ • Excess nutrients ✓ • Specific ion toxicity ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4.5 Consequences of using poor quality water for irrigation • Blocked pipes ✓ • Corrosion of equipment ✓ • Wilting of plants due to soil salinity ✓ • Reduced marketability of produce due to unsightly deposits from irrigation water ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over