Geography Grade 11 P1 Eastern Cape November 2013 Memo (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2013 GEOGRAPHY P1 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 225 This question paper consists of 12 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 GEOGRAPHY P1 (NOVEMBER 2013) SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: THE ATMOSPHERE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 false √ 1.1.2 false √ 1.1.3 true √ 1.1.4 true √ 1.1.5 true √ 1.1.6 false √ 1.1.7 false √ 1.1.8 true √ 1.1.9 false √ 1.1.10 true √ 1.1.11 true √ 1.1.12 false √ 1.1.13 true √ 1.1.14 false √ 1.1.15 true √ (15 x 1) (15) 1.2 1.2.1 Elliptical √√ (1 x 2) (2) 1.2.2 NH – summer solstice √ SH – winter solstice √ (2 x 1) (2) 1.2.3 21 December √ Summer √ (2 x 1) (2) 1.2.4  Warm ocean currents circulates warm water √ from the equator to the poles √ and increase temperatures. √  Cold ocean currents circulates cold water √ from the poles to the equator √ and decrease temperatures. √ (2 x 3) (6) 1.3 1.3.1  The low pressure belt in the equatorial region. √√  The ITCZ where warm air from the northeast meets warm air from the southeast – warm air rises. √√  There is no distinct seasonal change in temperature. √√  Extensive cloudcover and heavy rainfall keep temperature from rising above 33 °C. √√  The difference in day and night temperature is greater than the difference in summer and winter temperature. √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.3.2 Cloudcover that absorbs terrestrial radiation. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.3  The ITCZ is a zone of rising air resulting in moist (humid) conditions. √√  Relatively high temperatures throughout the year. √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.3.4 The subtropical high pressure system formed by the Hadley and Ferrel cells. √√ (1 x 2) (2)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (NOVEMBER 2013) GEOGRAPHY P1 3 1.3.5 Location between 0° – 30° N √√ Where dry air is constantly descending from the Hadley and Ferrel cells √√ (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.6  Interaction between warm tropical and cool polar air masses. √√  Polar front formed because these two air masses do not mix. √√  Cold front is formed when warm air rises over cold air. √√  During winter the frontal system moves northwards in the SH. √√ (Any 3 x 2) (6) 1.4 1.4.1 A – mesa √ B – butte √ C – conical hill √ Process: scarp retreat/back wasting √ (4 x 1) (4) 1.4.2 B is flat topped hill and C is pointed top hill √√ B has a resistant cap and C the resistant cap is removed √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.4.3  Talus slope where rock falls and eroded debris from the cliff collects √√  Inaccessibility √√ (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.4  Poor quality of the soil makes the cliff unsuitable for agriculture. √√  The instability of the cliff restricts commercial activities. √√  To stabilise the slope is expensive. √√  Used for recreation e.g. absailing, rock climbing. √√ (Any 3 x 2) (6) 1.5 1.5.1 The movement of weathered material down slopes under the influence of gravity-(process) √√ (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.2  Heavy rain saturate slope materials √√  Steepness of slope √√  Modify slope to construct buildings √√  Deforestation/removal of vegetation √√  Undercutting of slope by human excavation √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 1.5.3  Accelerated erosion √√  Block flow of rivers √√  Damage vegetation and animal life √√  Can cause water level of dams to increase, damwalls break and flooding occurs √√  Expensive to clear debris and fix damage √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 1.5.4  Plant trees and vegetation √√  Restrict activities along the slope √√  Deposit material at the foot of the slope and use retaining walls to stabilise the upper slopes √√  Stabilise slope with gabions and earth fill √√  Terracing of the slopes √√  Steel – mesh fencing √√  Anchor unstable rocks with nuts and bolts √√  Build drainage structures and canals to reduce run-off √√ (Accept any other relevant answers) (Any 2 x 2) (4) [75]

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 GEOGRAPHY P1 (NOVEMBER 2013) QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 Climate change √ 2.1.2 Heatwave √ 2.1.3 Subsidence √ 2.1.4 Jetstreams √ 2.1.5 Weather √ 2.1.6 Biome √ 2.1.7 Desertification √ 2.1.8 Dip slope √ 2.1.9 Water movement √ 2.1.10 Slope decline √ 2.1.11 Weathering √ 2.1.12 Talus slope √ 2.1.13 Laccolith √ 2.1.14 Knickpoint √ 2.1.15 Hilly landscape √ (15 x 1) (15) 2.2 2.2.1 0° – Equatorial LP √ 30° S – Subtropical HP √ 60° S – Subpolar LP √ 90° S – Polar HP √ 2 – Ferrel cell √ 3 – Polar cell √ (6 x 1) (6) 2.2.2 Warm air rises near the equator and flows back to the poles √ Descends near 30° N and S and flows back to the equator close to the earths’s surface √ (2 x 1) (2) 2.2.3 The equator/no.6 √ (1 x 1) (1) 2.2.4 Westerlies √ (1 x 1) (1) 2.2.5 Windspeed = pressure gradient force √ Wind direction – Coriolus force √ (2 x 1) (2) 2.2.6  The westerlies blow between the Subtropical HP and the Subpolar LP √√  NW – winds in the SH√√  Greater Coriolus force results in a change of direction to SW- winds √√  Blow at gale force speed √√  Blow from warm to colder region and increase the temperature of the coastal areas √√  With the migration of winds during winter, the Western Cape is under the influence of the Subpolar LP and the SW-winds bring rain to the area √√ (Any 3 x 2) (6)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (NOVEMBER 2013) GEOGRAPHY P1 5 2.3 2.3.1 A long peroid of below-average or no rainfall in an area. √√ (Concept) (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.2  Drought has devastating effects on people and the environment √  Food shortages √  Food insecurity √  Famine √  People living in refugee camps √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.3.3  Reduced watervapour in the atmosphere. √  A strong high pressure system that remains over the region for a long period. √  Winds blowing over the region carry dry continental air. √  High pressure system prevents thunderstorms and rainfall over the region. √  El Niño causing dry conditions over an extended period. √  Reduced cloudcover that results in a high evaporation rate. √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.3.4  Building small dams √√  Recharging ground by discharging rainwater into the ground. √√  Drought monitoring by continuous observation of rainfall levels.√√  Carefully planned land use to reduce erosion. √√  Farmers should plant less water dependent plants. √√  Restricting irrigation √√  Rain harvesting by collecting rainwater from roofs, etc. √√  Recycling of water √√  Protection of soil by restoring the natural balances within the soil √√  Enrichment of soil by restoring soil fertility √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 2.3.5  Restrict the flow of the river and reduce groundwater level √  Water pollution increase because less fresh water flows into rivers and dams √  Increased evapo-transpiration and higher temperatures results in reduced vegetation √  Loss of biodiversity √  Destruction of ecosystems and habitats√  Soil erosion increase √  Decrease in soil fertility √  Salinity of soil increases √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.4 2.4.1 A – tor √ B – granite dome √ (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.2 Batholith √√ (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.3  Joints form in a granite batholith because of water seeping through the rock. √√  Chemical weathering occurs along the joints, breaking the rock down and become more rounded. √√  The core stones appear as a loose pile after the eroded material has been removed. √√ (3 x 2) (6)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 GEOGRAPHY P1 (NOVEMBER 2013) 2.4.4 A pile of granite rock made up of round weathered boulders/core stones √√ Have their base in the bedrock and is surrounded by weathered debris √√ (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Rockfalls √√ (1 x 2) (2) 2.5 2.5.1 Dip slope √ (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 It has a gentle slope √√ (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.3 (a) talus/debris/scree slope √ (1 x 1) (1) (b)  It is parallel to the original slope √√  It is a uniform slope √√  Debris from the crest and cliff accumulate √√  Deposition is the main activity √√  Remains at a constant angle √√  Subject to erosion √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 2.5.4  Ridges makes it difficult to construct transport networks. √  Ridges form barriers to development. √  The valleys and plains between ridges provide opportunities for farming, mining and settlement. √  Scarp slopes cannot be used for farming as it is to steep and rocky. √  Forestry on the dip slope since they do not require fertile soil. √  Dip slopes are used for settlement because it is gentle. √  Basin cuestas have artesian wells that form oil traps. √ (Any 6 x 1) (6) [75]

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (NOVEMBER 2013) GEOGRAPHY P1 7 SECTION B: DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY, RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 Acid rain √ 3.1.2 Topography √ 3.1.3 Humus √ 3.1.4 Carbon footprint √ 3.1.5 Biomass √ 3.1.6 Land degradation √ 3.1.7 Sustainable energy √ 3.1.8 Non-conventional √ 3.1.9 Free trade √ 3.1.10 Brandt √ 3.1.11 Quotas √ 3.1.12 Gross Domestic Product √ 3.1.13 Import √ 3.1.14 Trade surplus √ 3.1.15 Human Development Index √ (15 x 1) (15) 3.2 3.2.1 Development across the world is uneven. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.2 Access to food resources √√ (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.3 Panel 1: social development √ Panel 2: economic development √ (2 x 1) (2) 3.2.4 Panel 1: economically less developed √ (1 x 1) (1) Panel 2: economically more developed √ (1 x 1) (1) Economically more developed countries have economic wealth and strong economies √ The social well-being is good and people have access to housing, services, education,food, health care and employment opportunities √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) Economically less developed countries are poor and do not have strong economies √ Access to housing, education, food, health care, etc. are limited. √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 Panel 1: limited access to food √ Panel 2: access to food √ (2 x 1) (2) 3.2.6 Panel 1: the traditional society √ Panel 2: mass production √ (2 x 1) (2)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 GEOGRAPHY P1 (NOVEMBER 2013) 3.3 3.3.1  Privatisation of state industries or corporations √  GEAR/NEPAD √  Public-Private Partnerships √  Industrial Develpoment Corporations (IDC) √  Service contracts √ (Accept other relevant examples) (Any 2 x1) (2) 3.3.2  Pass laws and regulations to promote economic development and to promote access to jobs to benefit all. √√  Law enfforcement to provide a framework that encourages business development and investment. √√  Adopt development strategies that are sustainable that consider future needs, involve communities and supply new resources. √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 3.3.3 Obtain funds from investors. √√ Secure loans from commercial banks to supplement the financial assistance from the state. √√ (2 x 2) (4) 3.3.4  Central control by national government is diminishing while the role of provincial and local government increased. √√  Free market trade and practices diminished the states ability to intervene in trade and to establish trade barriers. √√  Multinationals and global organisations broker business and trade between nations. √√ (3 x 2) (6) 3.4 3.4.1 Forests/food √ Soil/land √ (2 x 1) (2) 3.4.2  Population growth increased the demand for fuelwood √√  Plantation agriculture and commercial farming leads to desertification. √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 3.4.3  It is their main source of energy. √√  Forests are a renewable source of energy. √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 3.4.4  Deforestation results in soil exposed and soil erosion increase. √√  Possibility of desertification increase. √√  Fewer trees and vegetation result in environmental deprivation. √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 3.4.5  Forests are cut down to obtain more land for agriculture and Farming. √√  Smaller trees are cut down therefore fewer trees reach maturity. √√  Resource depletion of the forests. √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 3.4.6 It is over-used and depleted before it can be regenerated. √√ (1 x 2) (2)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (NOVEMBER 2013) GEOGRAPHY P1 9 3.5 3.5.1  It is used to generate more than 70% of South Africa’s electricity. √  It is the country’s primary source of energy. √  There is no suitable alternatives for coal as an energy source. √  South Africa has an abundant of coal reserves. √  Coal power stations are reliable and cheap to operate. √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.5.2  Coal combustion releases greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere – air pollution. √√  It contributes to global warming and formation of acid rain. √√  Trucks that transport coal use diesel that increases air pollution and emission of greenhouse gasses. √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 3.5.3  It is associated with nuclear weapons and war and is therefore not a safe way to generate energy √  It is radio-active and dangerous to humans and the environment √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 3.5.4 Yes. √ renewable √ Water is renewable √ (2 x 1) (2) 3.5.5 The high cost of renewable energy technologies relative to the small amount of energy generated. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 3.5.6  Local environmental projects to educate and inform individuals and increase awareness about energy management. √√  Consult with communities so that everyone is involved in problem solving around energy management. √√  Empower people by involving them in local, grassroot resource projects e.g. recycling and re-use resources. √√  Promote green economies by encouraging individuals to buy locally made, environmentally friendly products. √√ (Any 3 x 2) (6) [75]

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 GEOGRAPHY P1 (NOVEMBER 2013) QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1 C√ 4.1.2 B√ 4.1.3 B√ 4.1.4 B√ 4.1.5 A√ 4.1.6 A√ 4.1.7 B√ 4.1.8 C√ 4.1.9 C√ 4.1.10 C√ 4.1.11 B√ 4.1.12 C√ 4.1.13 C√ 4.1.14 C√ 4.1.15 B√ (15 x 1) (15) 4.2 4.2.1 Globalisation is the interconnection of places around the world in terms of economic, social, political and cultural ways of life. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.2  Factory is built in panel B √√  Improvement in the standard of living as a result of job opportunities √√  Improvement in services e.g. housing √√  Infrastructure established √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 4.2.3 Reduce poverty √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.4 Multinational/transnational corporation √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.5 Export-led development √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.2.6 POSITIVE  Stimulates economic development √  Creates jobs √  Reduces poverty √  Improves standard of living √  Increases the flow of ideas between countries √  Stimulates foreign investment √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) NEGATIVE  Widened gap between rich and poor countries √  Foreign countries have economic control of local and domestic industries, commerce and agriculture √√  Exploits the resources of less developed countries √  Exploits workers e.g. low wages and long working hours √  Cultures of indigenous societies are disrupted √  Rural-urban migration increased √ (Any 3 x 1) (3)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (NOVEMBER 2013) GEOGRAPHY P1 11 4.3 4.3.1 Aid which is directed towards alleviating the suffering of people. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.3.2 POSITIVE √  To coördinate funding and resources as to provide an effective response to disasters and emergencies around the world. √√  It promotes preparedness for and prevention of the impact of disasters. √√  To identify priorities and sustainable solutions. √√  Implement long-term safety strategies. √√  Transporting necessities and providing food, water, sanitation and housing. √√  To alleviate poverty. √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) NEGATIVE  Corruption as politicians and officials benefit from it instead of the local population. √√  Food sold on the black market. √√  Money donated has not been spent and is still in the bank. √√  Bribery and corruption resulted in the poor becoming poorer and the rich richer. √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.3.3  Women manage food, water, fuelwood and households through raising children and caring for the family. √√  Poverty relief programs and world development issues depend on women to be successfully implemented e.g. food production, climate change etc. √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 4.3.4  Humanitarian aid was given to women because they care for and ensured that children will be fed, i.e. the quality of women in social issues. √√  The role of women in development has been recognised, i.e. empowering of women. √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 4.4 4.4.1 The removal of soil by wind and water. √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.4.2  Overstocking √ and overgrazing √  Ploughing against the contours √  Absence of plant cover √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.4.3 B√ (1 x 1) (1) 4.4.4  Windbreaks √√  Limit livestock √√  More water points √√  Cattle pens √√  Rotational grazing √√  Encourage the growth of plant cover √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 (NOVEMBER 2013) 4.4.5 ENVIRONMENT  Less soil fertility √  Reduce productivity of soil √  Land degradation √  Gullies become deeper because increased run-off remove topsoil √  Deep gullies lower the watertable √  Sedimentation deposited in dams decrease water capacity of dams √  Destroy ecosystems and habitats √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) HUMANS  Land become unsustainable and cannot support people √  Decline in food production and food shortages √  Job losses on commercial farms √  Poverty and famine √  Health risks linked to the discharge of chemicals in downstream  waterbodies √  Collapse in farm production leads to rapid urbanisation√  Social problems and conflicts due to increased competition for resources and services √ (Refer to both environment and humans) (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.5 4.5.1  It has an abundance of sunshine√√  Vast areas of available and sparsely populated land √√  High incoming solar radiation due to the long sunshine period √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 4.5.2  Coastal areas receive less incoming solar radiation √√  Windy conditions along coastal areas √√  Ocean has a cooling effect on temperature √√ (Any 1 x 2) (2) 4.5.3 Wind energy √√ (1 x 2) (2) 4.5.4  It reduces dependence on fossil fuels √√  It is a renewable energy resource √√  It is a sustainable resource √√  It protects the environment √√  It helps diversify energy resources √√  It is a solution to global warming and climate change √√  None or less air pollution √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.5.5  Energy production and usage will become cleaner and cheaper in future √√  Will attract foreign investors √√  Industries will grow √√  Create job opportunities √√  Promotes economic development √√  Is well-suited to rural areas where electricity is lacking √√ (Any 2 x 2) (4) [75] GRAND TOTAL: 225