Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 NSC June 2023 Memo (English)

Geography/P1 1 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS GEOGRAPHY P1 2023 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 11 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines MARKING PRINCIPLES FOR GEOGRAPHY- NSC NOVEMBER 2022 AND NSC/SC JUNE 2023 The following marking principles have been developed to standardise marking in all provinces. MARKING  ALL questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect M  Where the maximum marks have been allocated for a particular question, place an over the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved.  A clear, neat tick must be used:  o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used:  o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used:  o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place  Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross:  o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions to indicate that all facts have been considered o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer o Do NOT underline the incorrect facts For the following action words, ONE word answers are acceptable: list, name, state, identify For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, suggest, differentiate, distinguish, define, discuss, why, how The following action words need to be read within its context to determine whether a ONE- word answer or FULL sentence is required: provide, what, tabulate and give NOTE THE FOLLOWING  If the numbering is incorrect or left out, as long as the sequence of answers to questions is followed candidates can be credited  Spelling errors if recognisable, award the marks provided the meaning is correct.  Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way  In questions where a letter is the accepted response, but the learner writes the actual answer- award marks.  There will be additional guidelines for the marking of certain questions. TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS  Each sub-question must be totalled o Questions in Section A has five sub-sections, therefore five sub-totals per question required. Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals. o Sub-section totals to be written in the right-hand margin at the end of the sub- section and underlined o Sub-totals must be written legibly o Leave room to write in moderated marks on different levels  Total sub-totals and transfer total to top left-hand margin next to question number  Transfer total to cover of answer book Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 3 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 30 QUESTION 1 1.1.1 A (South Atlantic High) (1)  1.1.2 B (Kalahari High) (1)  1.1.3 B (South Indian) (1)  2 1.2.1 Melting snow  1.2.2 Mouth  1.2.3 Third order  2 1.3.1 Katabatic  1.3.2 1 occurs during the day while 2 occurs at night  1.3.3 Cold air rolls down into the valley and forms an inversion  Air flows downslope 6 1.4.1 Shape of front concave  Steep gradient of front  1.4.2 Warm air undercuts the cold air    1.4.3 Air behind the cold front is colder than the air in front. Cold air moves faster than warm air ahead of it. Cold front catches up with  the warm front. 7 1.5.1 (a) A river that only flows all year round  (b) The river channel is wide    (c) Regularity of rainfall and the soil type over which the streams flow. 1.5.2  Gauteng and the Eastern Cape  1.5.3 The cost of food production will increase at it is costly to buy purified water. Farmers will have to buy more chemicalsto purify water. Chemicals cost a lot and this will increase production costs. It will be costly to purify water for use in electricity generation. These costs will be included in electricity prices. Costs will increase the price of electricity during production.MThere will be less clean water to generate hydro- electricity. 13 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 1.1 1.1.1 D (1) 1.1.2 B (1) 1.1.3 A (1) 1.1.4 C (1) 1.1.5 B (1) 1.1.6 A (1) 1.1.7 B (1) 1.1.8 B (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.2 1.2.1 Z (1) 1.2.2 Y (1) 1.2.3 Y (1) 1.2.4 Z (1) 1.2.5 Z (1) 1.2.6 Y (1) 1.2.7 Z (1) (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3 1.3.1 Winter (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 (10/12/13) June /Date (1) EVIDENCE FROM Cold fronts in the interior of Western/Eastern Cape (1) EXTRACT High amounts of rainfall (1) Significant drop in temperature (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Northward movement of the high pressure belts (anticyclones)/ITCZ (2) WHY A GREATER (1 x 2) (2) IMPACT 1.3.4 Backing (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.5 (The wind direction associated with the cold front will) change from REASON north-west to south-west as the front moves over the Western Cape (2) (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.6 Positive: SUGGEST POSITIVE Brings much needed moisture to the soil (2) AND NEGATIVE Revival of biodiversity/ecosystem/habitat (2) IMPACTS OF HEAVY Water available for wildlife (2) RAINFALL ON Water available for growth of natural vegetation (2) PHYSICAL (NATURAL) Water allows for more grazing land/veld (2) ENVIRONM ENT Fill up (by infiltration) natural aquifers/springs/groundwater (2) Fill up (via surface runoff) rivers (2) Negative: (Low-lying) areas are flooded (2) Soil erosion will increase (2) Destruction of biodiversity/ecosystem/habitat (2) Damage to natural vegetation (2) Loss of wildlife (2) Increase salination of rivers (2) Saturation of soil (waterlogged conditions) (2) Rock falls/mass movements on steeper slopes (2) [ANY FOUR, RESPONSES MUST REFER TO BOTH POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES] (4 x 2) (8) 1.4 1.4.1 Clockwise movement of air (1) EVIDENCE FOR SH Position of the leading left quadrant (1) Wind direction shown by the symbol of the eye (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 Pressure in the centre is significantly below 1000 hPa (1) TWO REASON Well-developed eye (1) FOR MATURE The area covered by the tropical cyclone is large (450km- 950km) (1) STAGE The leading left quadrant (dangerous semicircle) is visible (1) Isobars are closely spaced/pressure gradient is very steep (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.4.3 There will be no cloud cover/clear skies (2) (1 x 2) (2) INFLU ON CLOUD COVER 1.4.4 Descending air heats up resulting in no condensation (2) REASON FOR Adiabatic heating reduces moisture/becomes dry (2) ANSWER [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.4.5 (a) Air pressure decrease and wind speed increases (2) RELATION SHIP-WIND SPEED AND AIR (b) Both air pressure and wind speed decreases (2) (2 x 2) (4) PRESSURE 1.4.6 It experiences the most intense weather conditions (accept examples of WHY ISOBARIC REPRESENT severe weather conditions) (2) (1 x 2) (2) ATION REFERRED TO LEFT HAND QUADRANT 1.4.7 When the forward movement combines with the rotation of the system (2) HOW LEFT HAND QUADRANT (1 x 2) (2) DEVELOPS 1.5.1 A South Atlantic (1) B South Indian (1) (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.2 Summer (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.3 Line thunderstorms (heavy rainfall) occur in the interior (2) GIVE REASON Cumulonimbus clouds/lightning/hail (2) FOR SUMMER Moisture front developed (2) Air from the east/west reaches the interior (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.4 The boundary (dry line) between two air masses of different moisture WHAT IS A MOISTURE content (2) FRONT [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) INSTRUCTION FOR PART MARKING The boundary (dry line) between two air masses (1) 1.5.5 (Heavy) Rainfall (1) Hail (1) Thunderstorms (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.6 Convergence of warm moist air and cold dry air (2) DESCRIBE THE FORMATION Moisture front develops (2) OF THUNDER LINE Cold dry air undercuts warm moist air (2) STORM Warm moist air rises (2) Condensation occurs in the eastern side of the moisture front (2) Cumulonimbus clouds develops (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2 - GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1.1 C (1) 2.1.2 A (1) 2.1.3 D (1) 2.1.4 B (1) 2.1.5 C (1) 2.1.6 B (1) 2.1.7 B (1) 2.1.8 C (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.2 2.2.1 Z (1) 2.2.2 Y (1) 2.2.3 Y (1) 2.2.4 Y (1) 2.2.5 Z (1) 2.2.6 Z (1) 2.2.7 Y (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.3 2.3.1 Upper (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Deep valleys (2) IDENTIFY CHARACT Narrow/V-shaped valley (2) ERISTICS OF Steep slopes (2) VALLEY IN UPPER Gorge (2) COURSE Interlocking spurs (2) Vertical erosion is dominant (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.3 A body of water’s/river falling over hard rock/steep slope/vertical cliff (2) WHAT IS A WATER [CONCEPT] FALL (1 x 2) (2) INSTRUCTION FOR PART MARKING A body of water’s/river falling over (1) 2.3.4 Y- resistant/hard rock (1) Z- less resistant/ soft rock (1) (2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3.5 The softer rock (Z) is eroded leaving the hard rock (Y) exposed (2) HOW DOES Erosion/undercutting of less resistant/soft rock occurs (2) EROSION CAUSE Erosion/undercutting will create a plunge pool (2) RETREAT OF The resistant/hard rock (Y) is not supported by the soft rock (Z) and WATER FALL overhang (2) The overhanging resistant/hard rock collapses (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) 2.4 2.4.1 A process where a river regains energy (and begins to erode WHAT IS REJUVEN vertically/downwards again) (2) ATION [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 Change in gradient (1) OR STATE (Accept Isostatic uplift (1) and/or Drop in sea level (1)) TWO CAUSES Increase in the volume of water (1) OR OF REJUVEN (Accept Increase in rainfall (1) and/or River capture (1)) ATION Joining of a faster tributary (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.3 CROSS- SECTION OF REJUVEN ATED VALLEY Mark distribution Mark for correct shape of cross section (1) Mark for indicating new flood plain on cross-section (1) Mark for indicating ANY ONE Terrace on cross-section (1) (3 x 1) (3) 2.4.4 A rejuvenated river cuts into the valley floor (2) FORMATION OF RIVER TERRACES Downcutting creates a new flood plain (2) A step forms between the old and new flood plains (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Steepness of slopes will hamper construction of roads/railway lines (2) EXPLAIN HOW Softness of the underlying rocks causes instability to roads/ railway LANDSCAPE NEGATIVEL Y IMPACTED construction (2) INFRASTRU CTURE Terraces make it costly to build bridges (2) DEVELOPME NT Wide flood plain makes it difficult to build bridges (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) INSTRUCTION FOR PART MARKING- MAXIMUM OF TWO Steepness of slopes (1) Softness of the underlying rocks (1) Terraces (1) Wide flood plain(1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 9 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5 2.5.1 Coal mine waste have spilled into rivers (1) CAUSE FOR Polluted mine waste burst from a slurry dam (1) BLACK COLOUR [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) RIVER 2.5.2 Arsenic copper (1) Lead (1) Manganese (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.3 "the residents of the affected communities were not warned about the QUOTE MINING potential hazards until two weeks later" (2) COMPANY DID NOT ''Conservation managers in the neighboring Hluhluwe – Imfolozi Game DISCLOSE Reserves were also made to believe that the spill was under control'' (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.4 Eco-tourism affected (2) NEGATIVE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF Businesses in the community negatively affected (2) NON DISCLOSUR Agricultural activities negatively affected (2) E Future investments in the communities limited (2) Contamination of agricultural products (2) Increase in medical bills (2) (Water) purification is expensive (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.5 IMPORTANCE: DESCRIBE THE ENVIRO IMPORTANC To ensure the availability of water (2) E MANAGING OF To maintain water quality (2) IMFOLOZI To preserve aquatic life (2) SUGGEST MEASURES LOCAL To ensure that the ecosystem remains healthy (2) MUNICIPALI TY CAN To preserve biodiversity/ecosystem/habitat (2) IMPLEMENT TO MAINTAIN FUTURE QUALITY OF MEASURES: WATER Continuous monitoring of the dam (2) Regular maintenance of the dam (2) Frequent testing of water quality (2) Impose fines to companies which do not comply (with regulation) (2) Create buffer zone around slurry dam (2) Educate community on the precautionary measures (2) Awareness campaigns for people (bill boards, no dumping site signs) (2) Implement policy/legislation (2) Conserve natural vegetation in the drainage basins (2) Regulate or control extraction of groundwater (2) Promote sustainable farming methods upstream (2) [ANY FOUR, RESPONSES MUST INCLUDE BOTH THE IMPORTANCE AND MEASURES] (4 x 2) (8) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 10 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1 3.1.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 D (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 VI = 1463 - 1183.3 = 279.7 (1) m VI = 279.7 (1) for correct substitution HE= 3000 Gradient = 1: 10.72 (1) (3 x 1) (3) 3.1.4 The gradient is steep (1) EVIDENCE FOR DIFFICULTY There are a number of valleys/rivers (1) TO CONSTRUCT There are a number of spurs (1) ROAD There is an excavation close by (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.5 (a) 1: 20 x 100 = 2000 (1) 1: 2000 (1) (2 x 1) (2) (b) The cross-section (of the topographic map) has been vertically exaggerated by 5 times/The cross-section is 5 times larger (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2 3.2.1 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.2 Built-up areas (1) IDENTIFY HUMAN Road (1) MADE FEATURE [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.3 More heat is generated (accept examples) (2) EXPLAIN YOUR The built-up area absorbs more heat (accept examples) (2) ANSWER Multiple reflections (2) Storm water drainage (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.4 Woodlands/trees (1) IDENTIFY NATURAL Rivers/ water (1) FEATURE Open spaces (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.5 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.6 Gentle slope (flat land) (2) HOW RELIEF Surrounding high-lying area creates safety (2) FAVOURS LOCATION Surrounding high-lying area will buffer the noise (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 11 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.7 The settlement is away from the dam (2) DESCRIBE TWO FACTORS- The woodland forms a buffer (2) LIMITING POLLUTION- Most tributaries feeding the dam have their origin in high-lying areas KLEIN- MARICO with no human activities (2) POORTDAM [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 3.3 3.3.1 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 C3 (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 Name of the monument (1) GIVE ONE ATTRIBUT The date of birth and death of Diederich Coetzee (1) E DATA Height of the monument above sea level (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.4 Personnel/ people/ user (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.5 Manipulate the data (2) ONE REASON FOR Input of data (2) IMPORTANC E OF GIS Use appropriate GIS methods (2) COMPONEN ET Make information more accessible to users (2) Make information more understandable for users (2) Acquires the soft and hardware to be used (2) Acquire/collect data (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.6 Different maps were integrated into one map (2) (1 x 2) (2) REASON FOR DATA INTEGRATIO N IN ILLUSTRA TION TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved