Geography Grade 11 P1 Eastern Cape November 2016 Memo (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2016 GEOGRAPHY P1 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 225 This memorandum consists of 13 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: THE ATMOSPHERE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 B millibars. 1.1.2 C isobars. 1.1.3 B 1030 1.1.4 A clockwise. 1.1.5 C saddle. 1.1.6 C sub-tropical high pressure. 1.1.7 C coriolis force and pressure gradient force are in balance. 1.1.8 B ITCZ is on the tropic of cancer. (8 × 1) (8) 1.2 1.2.1 C 1.2.2 D 1.2.3 B 1.2.4 A 1.2.5 F 1.2.6 C 1.2.7 E (7 × 1) (7) 1.3 1.3.1 Equatorial low  (1 × 1) (1) 1.3.2 Tropical easterlies/Trade winds  (1 × 1) (1) 1.3.3  Move in a westerly direction because of the influence of the coriolis force   Deflect to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere according to Ferrell’s law  (Any ONE) (1 × 2) (2) 1.3.4  The tropical regions are warm, as the wind blow over the ocean it collects moisture   Converge at the equatorial low   Intensive heating causes evaporation and condensation, thus causing cumulonimbus clouds  (Any TWO) (2 × 2) (4) 1.3.5  Intensive heating around the equator (0⁰ ) causes vertical rise of air   The air reaches the top part of the troposphere and diverge towards the poles   At 30⁰ north and south the air starts to descend, because it cooled off   High pressure zone develops   The air diverge at the surface, where some air flows back to the equator  (Any FOUR) (4 × 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) GEOGRAPHY P1 3 1.4 1.4.1 Prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall leading to shortage of water.  (Concept) (1 × 1) (1) 1.4.2  It is meteorological because of abnormal low rainfall   It is agricultural because the shortage of water affects the agricultural production  (1 + 1) (2) 1.4.3  Decrease in production   Food prices increase  (Any ONE) (1 × 1) (1) 1.4.4  Food price increase will lead to less food being bought by the poor.   Farm workers may lose their jobs.   Decrease in food intake can lead to famine amongst the poor.  (Any TWO – Accept other relevant responses) (2 × 2) (4) 1.4.5  To inform the public through water restriction campaigns   To introduce emergency conservation programs   To implement water restriction services   To implement drought emergency pricing   Water rationing programs   Improvements in water systems (e.g. leak detection)   Identification of emergency sources of supply (e.g. emergency interconnections, drilling of new wells)   Proper management of available water resources (e.g. emergency banks)   Search for new supplies of water  (Any THREE) (3 × 2) (6) 1.5 1.5.1 Igneous rocks  (1 × 1) (1) 1.5.2 Western Ghats  Eastern Ghats  (2 × 1) (2) 1.5.3 Basaltic lava flows across the earth’s surface  then cools down and solidifies  (2 × 2) (4) 1.5.4 Hard resistant cap rock is hard to erode downward, therefore lateral erosion makes it narrower, but not lower.  (1 × 2) (2) 1.5.5 The height of the plateau cuts moisture from the coastal region off.  (1 × 2) (2) 1.5.6  Cattle farming for cotton and wool industry in drier areas.   Weathered igneous rocks produce fertile soil which makes it suitable for crop farming.   Tourist attractions   Levelness of the landscape make it suitable to plant crops.  (Any TWO) (2 × 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) 1.6 1.6.1 Batholith Laccolith (Any ONE) (1 × 1) (1) 1.6.2 Core stones  (1 × 1) (1) 1.6.3 Granite  (1 × 1) (1) 1.6.4  The area consists of hard resistant rock and less resistant rock   At the higher region, the rocks are more resistant to erosion, therefore difficult to erode   The higher region takes longer to be broken down by agents of weathering and erosion   At the lower regions, the area consists of less resistant rock, and therefore easier to erode  (Any TWO) (2 × 2) (4) 1.6.5 Cracks and joints develop in granite, under the groundand is widened by chemical weathering,  mechanical weathering and erosion remove the surface material, leaving the core stones exposed.  The loose material between the core stones are being eroded through mechanical erosion.  The base of the tor is still connected to the original intrusion.  (Any FOUR) (4 × 2) (8) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) GEOGRAPHY P1 5 QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 leeward  2.1.2 Dry adiabatic  2.1.3 0,5 ⁰C per 100 m  2.1.4 500 m  2.1.5 18 ⁰C  2.1.6 Europe  2.1.7 berg wind  (7 × 1) (7) 2.2 2.2.1 A 2.2.2 E 2.2.3 G 2.2.4 X 2.2.5 A 2.2.6 Y 2.2.7 X 2.2.8 D (8 × 1) (8) 2.3 2.3.1 It is a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together.  (Concept) (1 × 1) (1) 2.3.2  During summer the ITCZ moved northwards causing intensive heating and the convergence of tropical trade winds which results in massive evaporation   During winter, the ITCZ migrated south, so the Indian sub-continent is cooler and a high pressure dominates the interior so that air moves from the interior to the ocean, causing drier conditions  (2 × 2) (4) 2.3.3  Origin of the wind is in the southern hemisphere where the deflection is to the left   As it crosses the equator the deflection changes to the right, according to Ferrell’s law   Influence of Coriolis force  (Any TWO) (2 × 2) (4) 2.3.4 Blessing:  Fill up wells and dams   Agricultural products depends on yearly rainfall   The rains soften the hardened soil, and makes it easier to cultivate   With the amount of water, hydroelectricity can be generated  Curse:  Flooding destroys houses, infrastructure and agricultural land   Mudslides can bury villages and destroy crops  (Any THREE - BOTH ASPECTS MUST BE ANSWERED FOR THE FULL MARKS - Accept other reasonable responses) (3 × 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) 2.4 2.4.1 Tropical easterlies/Trade winds  (1 × 1) (1) 2.4.2  The winds weaken during El-Niño conditions, allowing warmer waters from the western pacific to move eastward.   As the ocean water warms, a low pressure develops over the ocean, and air pressure increases over Indonesia.  (2 × 2) (4) 2.4.3  The air pressure increases, which leads to less evaporation and rainfall    Droughts are experienced in season where there is usually rainfall   This leads to crop failure and loss of income for farmers    Occurrence of veldfires increases, which threaten livestock and crops  (Any ONE) (1 × 2) (2) 2.4.4 Sketch 1  Normal upwelling brings to the surface cold water rich in nutrients for plankton   Plankton provides food for fish   Fishing industry is normal and flourishes  Sketch 2  Weak upwelling is causing a lack of nutrients   Fish either moves to other areas or die out   There is a serious drop in the catch  (Any FOUR – Accept other relevant responses - BOTH SITUATIONS MUST BE DISCUSSED BY THE LEARNERS) (4 × 2) (8) 2.5 2.5.1 Crest  Soil creep  (1 + 1) (2) 2.5.2 Deposition  (1 × 1) (1) 2.5.3 Head ward erosion of the escarp slope makes the area where the debris falls, wider.  (1 × 2) (2) 2.5.4  At B the slope is extremely steep, with hard resistant rocks and excessive erosion makes it impossible for vegetation to grow here   At C the slopes are more gentle and with the deposition of more fertile soil, the area is ideal for vegetation to grow  (2 × 2) (4) 2.5.5  Too steep for cultivation due to excessive erosion and hard resistant rocks   Can be used for recreation activities like abseiling and rock climbing  (2 × 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) GEOGRAPHY P1 7 2.6 2.6.1 It is the movement of surface material caused by gravity.  (Concept) (1 × 1) (1) 2.6.2 Often takes place when human settlements encroaches on hilly slopes.  (1 × 2) (2) 2.6.3  The soil is not protected against the effect of rain anymore   Roots of plants do not bind the soil any longer, therefore becoming easier to move or being washed away  (Any ONE) (1 × 2) (2) 2.6.4  Can damage the property or the houses   Can cause serious injury or even death   Rockslides may bury the house  (Any TWO) (2 × 2) (4) 2.6.5  Use netting or caging to keep loose material intact   Building of rock walls or walls at the base of the slope to capture loose falling rocks   Spraying of cement on the side of the slope to stabilise the rock   Drilling of bolts and nuts into the slope to help stabilise it   Channelling of water out of the soil to help keep it drier  (Any FOUR – Accept other relevant responses) (4 × 2) (8) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) SECTION B: DEVELOPMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 Preconditions for take off  3.1.2 Take off  3.1.3 Drive to maturity  3.1.4 Traditional society 3.1.5 Age of mass consumption  3.1.6 Age of mass consumption  3.1.7 Drive to maturity  3.1.8 Traditional society  (8 × 1) (8) 3.2 3.2.1 C 3.2.2 E 3.2.3 F 3.2.4 A 3.2.5 B 3.2.6 G 3.2.7 D (7 × 1) (7) 3.3 3.3.1 Developed countries have in abundance and developing countries have less than their basic needs  (Concept) (1 × 1) (1) 3.3.2  Poor housing quality   Low income   Food insecurity   Low standard of living  Lack of employment security   Overcrowded houses   Lack of skills   Lack of proper education and literacy   Subsistence farming dominates  (Any TWO) (2 × 1) (2) 3.3.3 Economic indicator: In developing countries, primary activities dominate with generally low income for the majority of people, whereas in developed countries secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities dominate.  Social Indicators: Availability of services like water, electricity, education and health care is higher in developed countries (B) than developing countries (A).  In developing countries (A) the food and nutrition is poor, whereas it is in abundance in developed countries (B).  (3 × 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) GEOGRAPHY P1 9 3.3.4 (a) X  (1 × 2) (2) (b)  The graph indicates that X has a very high workforce in the tertiary sector, which generally is an indication of a very high GDP.   The sketch representing the developed countries indicate a lifestyle of people with wealth.  (2 × 2) (4) 3.4 3.4.1 It is a corporation that has their facilities and other assets in at least one other country than in its own country.  (Concept) (1 × 1) (1) 3.4.2  It makes third world countries dependent on first world countries.   It imposes Western cultural values on third world countries. (2 × 1) (2) 3.4.3  The extract sees multinational corporations having a positive influence on developing countries.   The image illustrates how multinational corporations exploit the resources of developing countries.  (2 × 2) (4) 3.4.4 Improving Economy:  Create employment which will increase the GDP   Strengthen the economy by acquiring foreign currency   The size and scale of the operations enable MNC to offer lower costs on products, which benefits the consumer   Profits can be used for research and further development in developing countries  Improving Services:  MNC’s will work with local companies to develop their innovations and technology management.   MNC’s can help fight diseases like HIV/Aids through research to benefit production output.   MNC’s can improve the skills and knowledge of locals by providing educational and technical assistance and schooling.   When factories are built, it will have a ripple effect on services like transport, electricity, education, etc.  (Any FOUR – Accept other relevant responses. BOTH ASPECTS SHOULD BE DISCUSSED FOR THE FULL MARKS) (4 × 2) (8) 3.5 3.5.1 A Terracing  B Rotational grazing  (2 × 1) (2) 3.5.2 The formation of soil is a very slow process and takes millions of years.  (Concept) (1 × 1) (1) 3.5.3 Inexpensive method of increasing the area of arable land.  The flat area makes it possible to use modern machinery.  (2 × 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) 3.5.4  Immediate and long term loss of production   Leads to decrease in production   Food prices will increase as agricultural products will have to be imported or higher financial costs for production   Loss of foreign currency as exports decrease   Negative impact on the GDP of the country   Negative ripple effect on the provision of services as money is lost  (Any FOUR – Accept other relevant responses) (4 × 2) (8) 3.6 3.6.1  Improved maintenance of Eskom power stations   Managing the electrical demand  (Any ONE) (1 × 1) (1) 3.6.2  Increase the use of non-conventional energy production to reduce the use of coal as power generator   The management of energy in a more sustainable way   Increased government investment to keep energy prices as low as possible to attract foreign investment and stimulate local economic growth   Embarking on an educational, information and awareness programs, to make all stakeholders aware of the most cost efficient ways to save energy  (Any TWO – Accept other relevant responses) (2 × 2) (4) 3.6.3  Retards economic progress in the community   Businesses will have to pay more taxes and become less economically viable and will be forced to close down   Job losses due to shortage of production will increase economic and financial instability  (Any TWO) (2 × 2) (4) 3.6.4 Not sustainable because:  It increases the costs necessary to supply electricity as it is more expensive to generate electricity from diesel than from coal   Cost of diesel will increase and this will unfairly and negatively affect the consumer   It will place a burden on the economy because imports of diesel will have to increase   Pressure on financially challenged households because of an increase in food prices due to electricity hikes  (Any THREE) (3 × 2) (6) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) GEOGRAPHY P1 11 QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1 Economic development  4.1.2 Balance of trade  4.1.3 Import quotas  4.1.4 Embargo  4.1.5 Protectionism  4.1.6 Bilateral aid  4.1.7 Humanitarian aid  (7 × 1) (7) 4.2 4.2.1 C Natural gas 4.2.2 C Geo thermal 4.2.3 A Biomass 4.2.4 C Uranium 4.2.5 B Solar 4.2.6 A Uranium 4.2.7 A Uranium 4.2.8 D Coal (8 × 1) (8) 4.3 4.3.1 Trade between companies in developed countries and producers in developing countries in which fair prices are paid to the producers.  (Concept) (1 × 1) (1) 4.3.2  It offers better prices   Improved terms of trade   Acquire the business skills necessary to produce high quality products   Improve their lives and plan for their future  (Any ONE) (1 × 1) (1) 4.3.3  Through common agreement, companies keep prices of products low, therefore the consumer saves money.   Because farmers are not exploited in fair trade, they tend to keep the prices of their products low.  (Any ONE) (1 × 2) (2) 4.3.4  There is no protectionism   Profits are shared equally   Both promote competition which decrease prices for the consumer   Both improve relationships between countries  (Any TWO) (2 × 2) (4) 4.3.5  Protecting of water resources and natural vegetation areas   Promoting agricultural diversification, erosion control and restricting the use of pesticides and fertilisers   Banning the use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s)   Requiring proper management of waste, water and energy  (Any FOUR – Accept other reasonable responses) (4 × 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) 4.4 4.4.1 Gender equality is when women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society.  (Concept) (1 × 1) (1) 4.4.2 Ghana  (1 × 1) (1) 4.4.3  Women are working more hours for unpaid labour   Women are paid less for labour   Women are doing more hours of work than men  (Any TWO) (2 × 2) (4) 4.4.4  Women have restricted access to health care facilities   Women’s access to education is limited, therefore there are high levels of illiteracy amongst women   Most women are part of the informal business sector, due to difficulties they experience in the corporate world   Women still do not have voting rights in some countries   Women can’t own land and go into formal transactions  (Any TWO) (2 × 2) (4) 4.4.5  Enhanced skills and knowledge by women could improve the production output of countries   Higher paid work for women, means greater local development through higher spending, causing a ripple effect of development   With women earning more money, the household have more to spend, giving children a better quality of life  (Any TWO – Accept other reasonable responses) (2 × 2) (4) 4.5 4.5.1 Deforestation  (1 × 1) (1) 4.5.2 It can be replenished.  (1 × 2) (2) 4.5.3  The people are using the resource for day to day living faster than it can be replenished.   The people are not using the resource for economic growth, which will willingly cause environmental degradation.  (Any ONE) (1 × 2) (2) 4.5.4  Removing trees and plants will increase greenhouse gases in the air and contribute to global warming and climate change.   Removing trees and plants will increase soil erosion.   Habitats of animals will be destroyed.   Biodiversity and ecosystems disturbed.  (Any TWO) (2 × 2) (4) 4.5.5  Forestry as an industry creates jobs   Selling of wood earns income for locals   Creating an industry for making curios for tourists  (Any TWO – Accept other reasonable responses) (2 × 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2016) GEOGRAPHY P1 13 4.6 4.6.1 A Nuclear power station  B Thermal power station  C Hydro-electrical power station  (3 × 1) (3) 4.6.2  Transport   Spoornet   Farmers   Domestic use   Industries   Recreational activities  (Any TWO) (2 × 1) (2) 4.6.3  Burning of coal increases greenhouse gases   Causes climate change and global warming   Produces acid rain   Mining of coal for generating energy cause environmental despoliation   Waste of power stations destroys habitats of land and marine life  (Any TWO) (2 × 2) (4) 4.6.4  Pulverising, grind the coal into powder   Coal powder is mixed with hot air and moved to the furnaces   Burning coal heats water in a boiler, creating steam   Steam released from the boiler powers the turbine   The turbine transforms heat energy into mechanical energy that spins the turbine   Spinning turbine powers a generator, that turns mechanical energy into electrical energy  (Any FOUR) (The WHOLE PROCESS should be explained for the FULL marks) (4 × 2) (8) [75] TOTAL: 225 Copyright reserved Please turn over