Geography Grade 11 P1 2013 Addendum (Eng)

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE NATIONAL GRADE 11 GEOGRAPHY P1 EXEMPLAR 2013 ANNEXURE This annexure consists of 10 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 DBE/2013 NSC – Grade 11 Exemplar – Annexure FIGURE 1.2: IGNEOUS LANDFORMS [Source: Google Image] FIGURE 1.3: MONSOON WINDS IN WEST AFRICA Northeast Trade Winds Northeast Trade Winds Harmattan Harmattan (very hot and dry) (very hot and dry) Intertropical AFRICA convergence zone Equator Equator INDIAN INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN ATLANTIC AFRICA OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN 10–20 20–40 40–80 ˃ 80 Rainfall (cm) 10–20 20–40 40–80 ˃ 80 Rainfall (cm) Jun–Sep Jan–Mar [Source: Media-3.web.com] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 3 DBE/2013 NSC – Grade 11 Exemplar – Annexure FIGURE 1.4: DROUGHT AND I WISH IT WOULD RAIN, TOO [Source: blogs.clarionledger.com] FIGURE 1.5: LANDSLIDES The 2010 Uganda landslide occurred in the district of Bududa in eastern Uganda on 1 March 2010. The landslide was triggered by heavy rain between 12:00 and 19:00 that day. At least 100 people are believed to have been killed. The landslide struck villages on the slopes of Mount Elgon, including Nameti, Kubewo, and Nankobe. Eighty-five homes were destroyed in Nameti alone. Many areas in the affected villages were buried by the landslides, including houses, markets and a church. Many roads were also blocked. Officials and aid workers were worried that further landslides could occur, as heavy rain continued to fall in the region. [Source: Wikipedia.org] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 DBE/2013 NSC – Grade 11 Exemplar – Annexure FIGURE 1.6: CUESTAS A Dip slope Escarpment DOME Resistant B Dip slope Resistant Escarpment BASIN [Source: geo.msu.edu] FIGURE 2.1: SEASONAL TEMPERATURE CHANGES Spring equinox Winter Summer solstice solstice Sun's Sun Day rays Night Night Day Arctic Earth's orbit circle Autumn equinox Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 DBE/2013 NSC – Grade 11 Exemplar – Annexure FIGURE 2.2: CANYON LANDSCAPE Surface Valley walls Erosion Base FIGURE 2.3: THE LINK BETWEEN EL NIÑO AND THE SINKING OF THE TITANIC The RMS Titanic set sail on 10 April 1912 on her first voyage from Southampton to New York. The ship collided with an iceberg in the North Atlantic on 15 April 1912 and sunk, resulting in the loss of 1 522 lives. Lon S Safko, a meteorologist, recognised a direct correlation between the current warming trends experienced in the air and sea surface temperatures of the North Atlantic, and the melting of the Arctic's icebergs which break off and float southward into the cross-Atlantic shipping channels. Research revealed that the North Atlantic experienced an El Niño event during the winter of 1911/1912 resulting in water temperatures as much as 5 °C warmer than normal. Safko believes that this could, in part, explain Captain Edward J Smith's ignorance that fateful evening, as the previous 14 years of commanding trans-Atlantic vessels had shown much dryer, colder, ice-free, non-El Niño conditions. [Source: Historic/El Niño Information: http://www.ocregister.com/news/1997/elnino/history/history.html] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 DBE/2013 NSC – Grade 11 Exemplar – Annexure FIGURE 2.4: DESERTIFICATION IN AFRICA SPREADING DESERTS THREATEN AFRICA On the southern edge of the Sahara, an area the size of Somalia has become a desert over the past 50 years. The same fate now threatens more than one-third of the African continent. The main cause of True desert desertification is not drought, but Acute risk of mismanagement of land, desertification including overgrazing and Moderate to felling trees and great risk brushwood for fuel. [Source: The Conservation and Rehabilitation of African Lands (FAO 1990)] FIGURE 2.5: LANDFORMS RESULTING FROM IGNEOUS FORMATIONS A B Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 DBE/2013 NSC – Grade 11 Exemplar – Annexure FIGURE 2.6: SLOPE ELEMENTS/FORMS Lower original surface [Source: Google Image] FIGURE 3.3: SOIL EROSION Run-off Top soil Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 DBE/2013 NSC – Grade 11 Exemplar – Annexure FIGURE 3.5: DROUGHT IN AFRICA EAST AFRICA'S DROUGHT: THE AVOIDABLE DISASTER The deaths of tens of thousands of people during the drought in East Africa could have been avoided if the international community, donor governments and humanitarian agencies had responded earlier and more swiftly to clear warning signs that a disaster was in the making, according to a new report. Figures compiled by the Department for International Development suggest that between 50 000 and 100 000 people, more than half of them children under five, died in the 2011 Horn of Africa crisis that affected Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya. Hundreds of thousands remain at continuing risk of malnutrition. The authors of the report, published by Save the Children and Oxfam, suggest current emergency response systems, which they believe to be seriously flawed, will soon be tested again as new humanitarian crises loom in West Africa and the Sahel, where growing food shortages are reported. [Adapted from The Guardian, Wednesday 18 January 2012] FIGURE 3.6: TRADE [Source: cooperativeindividualism.com] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 9 DBE/2013 NSC – Grade 11 Exemplar – Annexure FIGURE 4.3: NUCLEAR POWER IN SOUTH AFRICA While the likely cost of South Africa's planned nuclear power stations has been grabbing headlines, a more pertinent question is: When will they actually be built? The IRP2010 plan – released in April 2010 – called for the construction of six nuclear stations generating 9,6 GW of energy by 2030, with a new 1 600 MW nuclear power plant to be built every year between 2023 and 2026, and the last two in 2028 and 2029. In practical terms, a decision needed to be made within a year to go ahead with the first two of those planned six new nuclear stations. That has not happened. It was announced in mid-September that South Africa was postponing a decision by one year for safety reasons after the tsunami incident at Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant in March 2012. It was stressed that, globally, coal was 'here to stay' as an energy source until at least 2035, despite intense environmental opposition. – Brendan Ryan (adapted) FIGURE 4.4: SOIL PROFILE [Source: Google Search] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 10 DBE/2013 NSC – Grade 11 Exemplar – Annexure FIGURE 4.5: GLOBALISATION MADE IN SINGAPORE MADE IN MADE IN USA INDIA MADE IN CHINA MADE IN CANADA MADE IN SWITZERLAND MADE IN MADE IN INDONESIA THAILAND FIGURE 4.6: GENDER INEQUALITY Participation in rural wage employment, by sex (%) Ecuador Guatemala Nicaragua Panama Bangladesh Indonesia Nepal Tajikistan Vietnam Ghana Malawi Nigeria Women Men Copyright reserved

Geography/P1 11 DBE/2013 NSC – Grade 11 Exemplar – Annexure Copyright reserved Please turn over