Life Sciences Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Prelim 2024 QP

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE IBANGA 12 SEPTEMBA 2024 LIFE SCIENCES P2 AMANQAKU: 150 IXESHA: 2½ Iiyure Eli phepha lemibuzo linamaphepha ayi16. Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) IMIYALEZO NEENKCUKACA Funda imiyalelo elandelayo ngenyameko ngaphambi kokuba uphendule imibuzo. 1. Phendula YONKE imibuzo. 2. Bhala zonke iimpendulo kwiNCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA. 3. Qala umbuzo ngamNYE kwiPHEPHA ELITSHA. 4. Nombola iimpedulo ngokuchanekileyo ngokwendlela esetyenzisiweyo kweli phepha lemibuzo. 5. Bonisa iimpendulo zakho ngokwemiyalelo yombuzo ngamnye. 6. YONKE imizobo MAYENZIWE ngepensile ze ulebhelishe ngeinki ebhlowu okanye emnyama. 7. Zoba iidayagram, iitheybhile okanye iitshati xa ucelwa ukuba wenze njalo KUPHELA. 8. Iidayagram zeli phepha lemibuzo AZIZOTYWANGA ngokwesikeyile. 9. UNGALISEBENZISI iphepha legrafu. 10. Sebenzisa ikhalityhuleyitha engeprogranywanga, iprothektha nekhampasi, apho kukho imfuneko. 11. ZONKE iikhalityhuleyishini mazisondezwe kwiindawo eziMBINI zedesimali. 12. Bhala ngokucocekileyo nangokucacileyo. Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 3 ICANDELO A UMBUZO 1 1.1 Iindlela ezahlukileyo zinikiwe njengeempendulo ezinokuchaneka zokuphendula imibuzo elandelayo zinikiwe. Khetha impendulo echanekileyo ze ubhale unobumba kuphela (A–D) ecaleni kweenombolo zemibuzo (1.1.1 ukuya ku 1.1.9) kwiINCWADI YOKUPHENDULELA, umzekelo 1.1.10 D. 1.1.1 ‘Iifektha’ ezahlukileyo ezilawula iimpawu ezahlukileyo zezinto ezahlukeneyo, azohlukanisi enye kwenye nangayiphi na indlela, kwaye zizilungelelanisa ngokuzimeleyo ngexesha lokwenziwa kwegamete. Oku kubhekiselele kwi ... A Mendel’s Principle of Segregation. B Mendel’s Principle of Independent assortment. C Lamarck’s ‘law’ of the inheritance of acquired characteristics. D Chance fertilisation. 1.1.2 Iimultiple allele zibakhona xa ... A iallele enye ikhontrola i-inherirtence yejini. B iiallele ezimbini zikhontrola i-inheritance yejini. C iiallele zifuzwe kubazali bobabini. D ngaphezulu kweeallele ezimbini zikhontrola i-inheritance yejini. 1.1.3 Zingaphi iinitrogenous bheyisi ezifumaneka kwiprotheni eyenziwe nge- 66 amino acid? A 198 B 22 C 132 D 66 1.1.4 Umahluko phakathi kwestructure seenucleic acid. DNA RNA A Double-stranded molecule Single-stranded B Contains the nitrogenous Contains the nitrogenous base, base, uracil thymine C Straight structure Helical structure D Shorter molecule Longer molecule Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) 1.1.5 Idayagram engezantsi ibonisa iphase kwicell division. Iphase ekwidayagram engentla yi … A prophase II B telophase II C telophase I D Telophase IMIBUZO 1.1.6 NO1.1.7 ISEKWE KWIDNA PROFILING ENGEZANTSI. A B C D E F Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 5 1.1.6 Abazali bomntu B ngu … A A no F. B C no E. C A no E. D D no F. 1.1.7 Yeyiphi ENYE kwiindlela ezilandelayo engasetyenziselwa iDNA profilingi? A Kufaniso lweetissue zokufakelwa kwelungu. B Kuxilongo lweeinherited disorder. C Ukuveliswa konyango lweeinherited disorder. D Kubungqina bebhayoloji kumatyala olwaphulomthetho. 1.1.8 Iidiploid chromosome khompozishini yamadoda aphilileyo yi ... A 44 autosomes + XX gonosomes. B 22 autosomes + Y gonosomes. C 22 autosomes + XY gonosomes. D 44 autosomes + XY gonosomes. 1.1.9 Imutation inokuba nemiphumela elandelayo: (i) Ikhowudi yeamino acid efanayo (ii) Itshintshe iprotheyini eyenziweyo (iii) Ibangele izifo kwiorganism (iv) Ingabonakaliswa kwiphenotype yeorganism (v) Yandise amathuba okusinda Yeyiphi ENYE kwiindibanisela ezingentla eyenzeka kuphela ngenxa yeemutation eziyingozi? A (i), (ii) no (iv) B (ii) no (v) C (iii) kuphela D (ii) no (iii) (9 x 2) (18) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) 1.2 Nika ibhayolojikhali them echanelekileyo yenkcazelo ngaNYE kwezilandelayo. Bhala igama kuphela ecaleni kwenombolo yemibuzo (1.2.1 ukuya ku1.2.9) ENCWADINI YOKUPHENDULELA. 1.2.1 Ukumelwa kwenani, imilo kunye nokucwangciswa kweechromosomes kwinucleus yesomatic cell 1.2.2 Indawo ye-extra nuclear DNA kwiiplant cell kuphela 1.2.3 Ipoyinti yokudibana yeenon-sister chromatid xa ziovalephana kwicrossing over 1.2.4 Uhlobo lwegazi oluneerecessive allele ezimbini 1.2.5 Indawo yejini kwichromosome 1.2.6 Istrandi seDNA apho iinucleotide zincamathela khona ukwakha iDNA strandi esitsha 1.2.7 Imeko eboniswa yichromosome eyongezelelweyo kwindawo u21 1.2.8 Uhlobo lweebhondi ezibamba iinitrogenous bheyisi kwiDNA molecule 1.2.9 Imeko yecell apho kukho iseti enye kuphela yeechromosome (9 x 1) (9) 1.3 Bonisa ukuba iinkcazelo ezikuKHOLAM I zisebenza kuA KUPHELA, kuB KUPHELA, kuA noB okanye AKUKHO NANYE kwiiayithem ezikuKHOLAM II. Bhala uA kuphela, uB kuphela, uA noB okanye akukho naye ecaleni kweenombolo yemibuzo (1.3.1 ukuya ku 1.3.3) ENCWADINI YOKUPHENDULELA. KHOLAMNI I KHOLAMNI II 1.3.1 Uhloblo lwevariation olukhoyo A: Co-dominance kwiindidi zegazi B: Discontinuous variation 1.3.2 Icytokinesis yenzeka kabini A: Meiosis B: Mitosis 1.3.3 Ukungabikho kweeblood clotting A: Haemophilia factor B: Colour-blindness (3 x 2) (6) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 7 1.4 Igrowth hormone ibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwamathambo kunye nezihlunu. Inokuveliswa kubantu abangenokuyivelisa, okanye abayivelisa kancinci le hormone kusetyenziswa irecombinant DNA theknoloji. IHUMAN GROWTH HORMONE PRODUCTION KUSETYENZISWA IRECOMBINANT DNA THEKNOLOJI. Structure X 1.4.1 Xela ibiotechnology prosesi eboniswe ngasentla. (1) 1.4.2 Chaza istructure X esifumaneka kwibhaktheriya cell esetyenziswe kwiprosesi engentla. (1) 1.4.3 Xela iiorganic catalyst ezisetyenziselwa ukusika istructure X. (1) 1.4.4 Nika inzuzo ibeNYE: (a) Yokusetyenziswa kwegrowth hormone ziimbaleki (1) (b) Yeprosesi echazwe kuMBUZO 1.4.1 kubantu abanesifo seswekile (1) 1.4.5 Chaza iimpawu eziMBINI zeebhaktheria ezenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiprosesi engentla. (2) 1.4.6 Chaza ubeMNYE umsebenzi oqwalaselweyo weziphelo ezincangathi njengoko kuboniswe kwiprosesi engasentla. (1) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) 1.5 Idayagram engezantsi ibonisa iimodeli ezimbini ezisetyenziselwa ukucacisa itheory ye-evolution. 1.5.1 Chaza i-evolutionary theory KUMODELI 2. (1) 1.5.2 Xela oososayensi abaBINI abeza netheory ye-evolution EKUMODELI 2. (2) 1.5.3 Yeyiphi i-evolutionary MODEL u 1 okanye 2: (a) Ebonisa utshintsho oluncinci ngokucotha kwizinto eziphilayo ukusuka kwenye igeneration ukuya kwenye? (1) (b) Exhaswa kukungabikho kwetransitional fosili? (1) (c) Exhaswa ngusosayensi oweza netheory of evolution by natural selection? (1) 1.5.4 Chaza okwenzekayo kwispecies kwiindawo A noB KWIMODELI 2, ngokulandelelana. (2) 1.5.5 Chaza uhlobo lwe-evolution apho kukho utshintsho kuphawu lwespecies esithile ngokuhamba kwexesha. (1) EWONKE AMANQAKU ECANDELO A: 50 Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 9 ICANDELO B UMBUZO 2 2.1 Idayagram engezantsi ibonisa iDNA molecule kunye nephase kwimeiosis. B A E C D DAYAGRAM1 DAYAGRAM 2 2.1.1 Yeyiphi iphase yemeiosis emelwe KUDAYAGRAM 2? (1) 2.1.2 Xela: (a) Indawo C (1) (b) Igama eliquka ichromosome B kunye no-E (1) (c) Iphase kwimeiosis apho indawo A yohlukana khona (1) 2.1.3 Zingaphi iichromatids ezineDNA efanayo evela kwiichromosome ezihlikihlwe mnyama KUDAYAGRAM 2? (1) 2.1.4 Chaza ukwakhiwa kwenucleotide KUDAYAGRAM 1. (2) 2.1.5 Nika igama kwaye uchaze ukubaluleka kweprosesi eyenzeka kwi- DNA ngexesha leinterphase ze ikhokelele ekubonakaleni kwe- chromosome KUDAYAGRAM 2. (3) 2.1.6 Chaza indima yendawo D kwimetaphase I yemeiosis. (3) 2.2 Xela igama kwaye uchaze iprosesi apho itRNA idlala indima ekwakhiweni kweprotheni. (5) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) 2.3 Funda isicatshulwa esingezantsi. Igene Therapy yindlela yezonyango esebenzisa igenetic material ukuthintela kwaye izifo ezifana necystic fibrosis, isifo sesickle cell kunye nokuguga kwe- macular. Kwimacular degeneration iiretina cell zonakele. Ezi genetic diseases zibangelwa zii gene mutation kwiDNA molecule ekhokelela ekwenzekeni kweeprotheni ezineziphene. Kwigene therapy, iindawo zemutant gene ezilandelelanayo ziyasuswa kwiDNA ze zithathelwe indawo zijini echanekileyo ezilandelelanayo. Iistem cell zisetyenziswa ukudlulisa ijini ecanekileyo elandelelanayo ukuvelisa iprotheni esebenzayo. 2.3.1 Xela ZibeMBINI iisource apho iistem cell zinokufunyanwa khona (2) 2.3.2 Nika sibesiNYE isifo sokubona eyenzelwe ukusinyanga I gene therapy. (1) 2.3.3 Igenetic mutation yenzeke kwisection yemolecule yeDNA njengoko kuboniswe ngezantsi. Original sequence TTT TCA GGT ACG CAC Mutated sequence TTT TCA GGT ACC CAC Base triplet 1 2 3 4 5 Bhala I namba ye base triplet ebonakalisa I gene mutation. (1) 2.3.4 Itheyibhile engezatsi ibonakalisa iicodon kunye nee amino acid ezizikhowudelayo. CODONS AMINO ACIDS AAA Lysine GAG Glutamic acid CAC Histidine UGC Cysteine ACU Threonine AGU Serine GAU Aspartate UGG Tryptophan UUU Phenylalanine CCA Proline GUG Valine (a) Nika iamino acid ye base triplet 5 kuMBUZO 2.3.3. (1) (b) Cacisa igene therapy ingalulungisa njani ulandelelwano olu mutated ukwenza iprotheyini esebenzayo. (3) (c) Zoba idayagram yemolecule ethwala I message e khowuded ye protein synthesis enee complementary codon ezichanekileyo ze base triplet 2. (4) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 11 2.4 I-Leigh syndrome yiautosomal recessive genetic disorder enqabileyo echaphazela icentral nervous system kubantwana abancinci. Le meko inokuchaphazela nabantu abadala kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ikhokelela ekufeni kwabantwana besebancinane. Ipedigree dayagram engezantsi ibonisa ukufuzwa kwale disorder kusapho. I-allele b isetyenziselwa abantu abachaphazelekayo. A B C D E G F H I J K L M KEY Unaffected male Unaffected female Affected male 2.4.1 Ithetha ntoni iterm autosomal recessive? (2) 2.4.2 Bhala iLETTER yomntwana ekunokwenzeka ukuba afe kwi F2 generation. (1) 2.4.3 Chaza indlela umntwana okhankanywe kwiQUESTION 2.4.2 achaphazeleke ngayo kwiLeigh syndrome. (2) 2.4.4 Chaza iMendelian law of dominance ekhoyo kwiiphenotype zabantu ngabanye K, L kunye no-M. (1) 2.4.5 Cacisa impendulo yakho kwiQUESTION 2.4.4. (3) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) 2.5 IFragile X syndrome yisex linked dominant inheritance. Iallele ebangela le meko yidominant-XR, ngelixa abantu abangenayo ifragile X syndrome banerecessive allele Xr. 2.5.1 Chaza iphenotype yomntu onegenotype XRXr. (2) 2.5.2 Cacisa isizathu sokuba amadoda namabhinqa babe namathuba alinganayo okuba nefragile X syndrome. (2) 2.5.3 Indoda enegenotype XRY itshata nomfazi onegenotype XrXr. Sebenzisa igenetic cross ukucacisa iprobability yokuba esi sibini sibe nonyana onefragile X syndrome. (7) [50] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 13 UMBUZO 3 3.1 Emahasheni, ibay hair coat colour (B) idominant kwi black hair coat colour (b), kunye ne smooth hair (H) idominant kwi-curly (h). Umfama uye waabrida iblack hair coated horses ezine curly hair ubomi bakhe bonke kwaye zonke iifoals (inzala) zisoloko zikhangeleka njengabazali bazo nge black hair coat ene curly hair. 3.1.1 Nika isizathu esiNYE sokuba lo ngumzekelo wedihybrid cross. (1) 3.1.2 Chaza uhlobo lokukhetha olwavumela umfama ukuba abride iiblack hair coated horses ezine curly hair bonke ubomi bakhe. (1) 3.1.3 Cebisa ESINYE isizathu sokuba umfama abride iiblack hair coated horses ezine curly hair iigenerationi ezininzi. (1) 3.1.4 Xela igenotype: (a) Yomzali wehashi eline black hair coat ene curly hair (2) (b) Ye gametes zehashi eliheterozygous kuzo zombini ihair colour ne hair type (2) 3.1.5 Chaza iphenotyhic ratio ye offspring eyakufumaneka ukuba amahashe amaBINI aheterozygous kwiicharacteristic zombini aye acroswa. (2) 3.2 Funda esi sicatshulwa singezantsi uze uphendule imibuzo elandelayo. IAfrican penguin population (iSpheniscus demersus) yehlile eMzantsi Afrika kwaye linokuba ngabikho ngo2035. Oku kungenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo kokutya kwabo okuphambili, iisardini (ipilchardi). Ii African penguin zasezikhuphisana ngeendawo zokuloba zorhwebo eKapa neesardines. Iindawo zokuloba zorhwebo zixabisa iibhiliyoni zeerandi kwaye ziqeshe abantu abaninzi. IiSardine yisource yokutya okuneprotein engaxabisi kakhulu kwaye ivunwa ngobuninzi kwinyanga ka March ukuya kuMeyi eMzantsi Afrika ekwalixesha lokukhwelana kwepenguin yaseAfrika. Ngexesha lokukhwelana zombini iintlobano zeAfrican penguin zenza izandi ezivakalayo ukubiza amaqabane azo. Abalondolozi bendalo bafuna ukuba urhulumente anciphise inani leesardini ezivunwa ziindawo zokuloba zorhwebo. Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) 3.2.1 Nika ubungqina kwisicatshulwa obuchaza ukuba ipenguin yaseAfrika iya kutshabalala kwixesha elizayo. (1) 3.2.2 Ngokwesicatshulwa: (a) Chaza izizathu eziBINI zokuncipha kwenani le African penguin. (2) (b) Chonga zibeMBINI iireproductive isolating mechanism ezikhoyo kwiiAfrican penguin (2) 3.2.3 Chaza indlela ukunciphisa inani leesardines ezivuniweyo: (a) Kunokunciphisa uqoqosho (2) (b) Kunokunceda kakuhle iipenguin zaseAfrika (2) 3.3 Chaza ukuba senzeka njani ispecies esithsa kwi geographic barrier. (7) 3.4 U Little Foot yi-fossil ye-hominid eyafunyanwa kwimiqolomba yaseSterkfontein nguProffesor Ron Clarke Amathambo we little foot abonisa ukuba le fossil yayineempawu ezininzi ezifana nezo zifumaneka ebantwini. ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF THE GENUS THAT LITTLE FOOT BELONGS TO Cranium Little Foot skull C A B D 3.4.1 Lithini igama eliscientific le Little Foot? (1) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 15 3.4.2 Bhala I letter ebonisa ukuba igenus: (a) Yayineecanines ezincinci (1) (b) Ispinal column yayingena kwi skull vertically ukunceda kwibipedalism (1) (c) Zazifana iiforelimb zazo nezabantu (1) 3.4.3 Chaza indlela istructure B esibonisa ngayo le genus itshintshe kakhulu kune primitive ape kodwa itshintshe kancinci kunabantu. (2) 3.4.4 Chaza ukubaluleka kwenguqu kubungakanani be-cranium be little foot kobabantu banamhlanje. (2) 3.4.5 I little foot isetyenziswa njengobungqina befossil kwi ‘Out-of-Africa’ hypothesis. (a) Xela obuNYE ubungqina obuhamba ne ‘Out-of-Africa’ hypothesis. (1) (b) Cacisa ukuba iifossil zegenus ye Little Foot zisetyenziswa njani kwi ‘Out-of-Africa’ hypothesis. (2) Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 16 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) 3.5 ILaetoli footprints yi3,6 million old fossil eyafunyanwa yipalaeontologist uMary Leakey eTanzania. Ishape yeenyawo neenzwane ibonisa ukuba ezi footprints zenziwa yibipedal hominid ancestor eyayikwazi ukuma nkqo. Kwaqhutywa uphando ukufumanisa ukuba aba bantu benza iLaetoli footprints bahamba besebenzisa ibipedalism efana neyomntu okanye intshukumo efana ngakumbi neye-ape (i-bent-knee, i-bent-hip). Inkqubo yaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: • Ubunzulu bokuba iinzwane zacinezela kuthuthu lweenyawo zeLaetoli ezigciniweyo zalinganiswa kwaye zabhalwa. • Abathathi-nxaxheba abasibhozo abangabantu bacelwa ukuba bahambe esantini kwaye ubunzulu beenyawo zabo balinganiswa kwaye babhalwa. • Abathathi-nxaxheba abangabantu emva koko bacelwa ukuba balinganise (ukukhuphela) ukuhamba kweeapes ngokusebenzisa intshukumo (bent- knee, bent-hip") efana neyeape ngokuhamba esantini. • Ubunzulu beenzwane zabo balinganiswa kwaye babhalwa. Iziphumo zophando zibhalwe kwigraph engezantsi. 3.5.1 Chaza injongo yolu phando. (1) 3.5.2 Xela ukuba i idependent variable yaamentwa njani kolu phando. (1) 3.5.3 Nika abemaTHATHU amanyathelo okucwangcisa olu phando. (3) 3.5.4 Nika izizathu eziBINI zokuba olu phando lungathathwa njengento engathembekanga. (2) 3.5.5 Nika uhlobo lweefootprint ezinobunzulu obude beenzwane. (1) 3.5.6 Inkulu izihlandlo ezingaphi I toe depth ye human-like bipedalism xa ithelekiswa ne Laetoli footprint. Bonisa ZONKE izibalo. (2) 3.5.7 Zoba itheyibhile ebonisa inkcukacha ekwigrafu. (4) [50] EWONKE AMANQAKU ECANDELO B: 100 EWONKE AMANQAKU: 150 Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.