Geography Grade 12 Paper 1 November 2024 NSC Memo (English)

GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 NOVEMBER 2024 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 12 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 2 DBE/November 2024 NSC – Marking Guidelines PRINCIPLES FOR MARKING GEOGRAPHY- NSC NOVEMBER 2024 AND SC JUNE 2025 The following marking principles have been developed to standardise marking in all provinces. MARKING M • ALL questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect • Where the maximum marks have been allocated for a particular question, place an over the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved. • Where a correct fact has been mentioned more than once in a specific response • A clear, neat tick must be used: ✓ R o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used: ✓ o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used: ✓✓ o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place • Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross:  o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions to indicate that all facts have been considered o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer o Do NOT underline the incorrect facts For the following action words, ONE-word answers are acceptable: list, name, state, identify For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse, suggest, differentiate, distinguish, define, discuss, why, how The following action words need to be read within its context to determine whether a ONE- word answer or FULL sentence is required: provide, what, tabulate and give TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS • Each sub-question must be totalled o Questions in Section A has five sub-sections, therefore five sub-totals per question required. Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals. o Sub-section totals to be written in the right-hand margin at the end of the sub- section and underlined o Sub-totals must be written legibly o Leave room to write in moderated marks on different levels • Total sub-totals and transfer total to top left-hand margin next to question number • Transfer total to cover of answer book Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 3 DBE/November 2024 NSC – Marking Guidelines 30 QUESTION 1 1.1.1 A (South Atlantic High) (1) ✓ 1.1.2 B (Kalahari High) (1) ✓ 1.1.3 B (South Indian) (1)  2 1.2.1 Melting snow ✓ 1.2.2 Mouth  1.2.3 Third order ✓ 2 1.3.1 Katabatic 1.3.2 1 occurs during the day while 2 occurs at night ✓✓ 1.3.3 Cold air rolls down✓✓ into the valley and forms an inversion ✓✓ Air flows downslope 6 1.4.1 Shape of front concave  Steep gradient of front ✓ 1.4.2 Warm air undercuts the cold air  ✓✓ ✓✓ 1.4.3 Air behind the cold front is colder than the air in front. Cold air moves faster than warm air ahead of it. Cold front catches up with the warm✓✓ front. 7 1.5.1 (a) A river that only flows all year round  (b) The river channel is wide  ✓✓ ✓✓ (c) Regularity of rainfall and the soil type over which the streams flow. Rainfall occurs regularly R ✓  1.5.2 Gauteng and the Eastern Cape 1.5.3 The cost of food production will increase at it is costly to buy purified water. Farmers will have to buy more chemicals ✓✓to purify water. Chemicals cost a lot and this ✓✓will increase production costs. It will be costly to purify water ✓✓for use in electricity generation. These costs will be included M in electricity prices. Costs will increase the price of electricity during production. There will be less clean water to generate hydro- 13 electricity. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 4 DBE/November 2024 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER 1.1 1.1.1 C (1) 1.1.2 B (1) 1.1.3 C (1) 1.1.4 C (1) 1.1.5 B (1) 1.1.6 C (1) 1.1.7 A (1) 1.1.8 C (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.2 1.2.1 B (1) 1.2.2 A (1) 1.2.3 B (1) 1.2.4 A (1) 1.2.5 B (1) 1.2.6 A (1) 1.2.7 B (1) (7 x 1) (7) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 5 DBE/November 2024 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.3 1.3.1 West to east (1) Direction Eastwards (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 Driven by the westerlies (2) Reason Occurs in the westerly wind belt (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 1.3.3 Cold front will undercut the warm air (ahead of it) (2) How does front A The steeper gradient will cause rapid uplift of the warm air (2) form cloud? cb Cooling and condensation occurs (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.4 Maintain natural vegetation (2) PARAGRAPH Explain Encourage afforestation (2) strategies to Buffering of the area (2) manage Create effective drainage systems (2) negative Use of sandbags (2) environm ental Building of retaining walls (accept examples) (2) impact of Use of catch nets (areas prone to rockfalls) (2) heavy rainfall Use of canopies (areas prone to rockfalls (2) from Construction of gabions (2) MLC Construct dams (wall) / weir (2) Construct artificial levees/ barriers (2) Conserve wetlands/marshes/swamps (2) Implement contour ploughing (2) Terracing of slopes (2) Widening river channels (water management systems) (2) Canalising rivers (2) Educate people about environmental conservation (2) Awareness/early warnings systems (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) 1.4 1.4.1 Presence of a low-pressure system/ convergence of air (1) State Presence of Coriolis force (1) ONE condition Sea surface temperatures of 26,5 °C or more (1) for Calm conditions over the oceans (1) develop ment Unstable conditions/ High rates of evaporation over the oceans / high humidity (1) Production of latent heat (1) Upper air divergence (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 Exposed to more moisture over the ocean from 10 to 11 March (1) Give Wind speed increased from 63 km/h to 95km/h/116 km/h (1) (2 x 1) (2) evidence from map and table that TC strengthen ed from 10 to 11 March Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 6 DBE/November 2024 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.4.3 Moved over the land /less moisture (2) Give TWO reasons for More friction (2) decrease in wind speed Less latent heat (2) from 6:00- 18:00 Starting to dissipate (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.4 Sketch Labelled Cross- section Cloud type Eye Air moveme nt in the eye (4 x 1) (4) 1.4.5 Air subsides (2) Account The air heats up (2) for lack of rainfall Moisture gets evaporated/air is dry (2) and No condensation takes place (2) clouds in the eye [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.5 1.5.1 Summer (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 WIND A (south-westerly) Describe cold and dry (2) the temp and moisture WIND B (north-easterly) content of wind A warm and moist (2) (2 x 2) (4) and B INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING WIND A (south-westerly) cold (1) or dry (1) WIND B (north-easterly) warm (1) or moist (1) [MAXIMUM OF TWO MARKS] 1.5.3 Close to the moisture front: Explain Rapid uplift of air along the moisture front (2) why the heaviest Greater (vertical) condensation (2) rainfall (Dense line of) cumulonimbus clouds form (2) occurs closest OR to the Further from the moisture front: moisture front as Less uplift of air further from the moisture front (2), evident Less (vertical) condensation (2) in the source Less clouds form (2) [ANY TWO-MUST REFER TO EITHER CLOSE TO OR FURTHER FROM MOISTURE FRONT] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 7 DBE/November 2024 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5.4 Natural habitats will be destroyed (2) Explain Ecosystems will be destroyed (2) the negative Biodiversity will be reduced (2) (physical) impact of Top soil will be washed away/soil erosion (2) line Mass movements can be triggered (accept examples) (2) thunder storms Wildlife would be displaced/drowned (2) Trees/natural vegetation can be uprooted/destroyed (2) Water quality will be reduced (2) Increased leaching of soil (2) Sinkholes form (2) Silting up/ deposition of material (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 8 DBE/November 2024 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY 2.1 2.1.1 Z (1) 2.1.2 Y (1) 2.1.3 Y (1) 2.1.4 Y (1) 2.1.5 Z (1) 2.1.6 Z (1) 2.1.7 Z (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2 2.2.1 D (1) 2.2.2 D (1) 2.2.3 C (1) 2.2.4 C (1) 2.2.5 D (1) 2.2.6 C (1) 2.2.7 B (1) 2.2.8 D (1) (8 x 1) (8) 2.3 2.3.1 Radial (accept centrifugal) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 2nd (2) (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.3 Radiates outwards from a high-lying central point (accept examples of Reason landforms) (2) (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.4 The tributaries join the main river at acute angles at A and at right angles Joining of tributaries at B (2) (1 x 2) (2) 2.3.5 Alternate layers of hard and soft rock (varying resistance) (2) TWO conditions Folded rocks (2) (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.6 Land is steep/ uneven (2) Why are human Prone to soil erosion/thin soils (2) activities limited in Infertile soils (2) areas Risk of mass movements (2) where A and B High cost of developing land (2) are? [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 9 DBE/November 2024 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.4 2.4.1 When the river experiences an increase in energy (erodes vertically) (2) [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.2 Knickpoint (1) (accept waterfall) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 Change/drop in gradient (2) How does A indicate Evidence of vertical erosion (2) river rejuvenati Water flowing faster (2) on? Evidence of old and new river profiles (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 2.4.4 It formed a valley in a valley (2) Describe the The river channel got deeper/steeper/wider (2) change rejuvenati [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) on has made on landscap e B. 2.4.5 Vertical erosion occurs on the flood plain (2) How do river A new river valley is formed (2) terraces form? This creates a step like feature (known as a terrace) (2) The old flood plain is now the river terrace (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.6 Far from water sources (2) Why are some Difficult/expensive to build infrastructure (accept examples) (2) terraces not River terraces can be very narrow (2) suitable Limit use of machinery (2) for farming? Decrease in soil fertility/thin soils (2) Uneven slopes/rugged landscape (2) Unstable soil/mass movement (accept examples) (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.5 2.5.1 Monitoring and controlling (management) of water resources in a drainage Definition basin/catchment area (2) [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.2 Agriculture (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 Causes eutrophication/ reduction in oxygen levels (2) How Imbalance in the nutrient levels in the river (2) does the human Reduction in biodiversity (2) activity Reduction in fauna and flora (2) negative ly impact Water pollution (accept examples) (2) the health Increase in water borne diseases (2) (water Ecosystems/natural habitats are disrupted (2) quality) of a Water table will be lowered (2) catchment area? Increase in soil erosion (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 10 DBE/November 2024 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.5.4 Educational programmes (2) PARAGRAPH Suggest Awareness programmes (accept examples) (2) sustainable strategies Implement legislation/laws/conservation zones (accept examples) (2) the government Impose fines (2) can put in place to Improve waste water/ grey water treatment (2) preserve Create buffer zones (accept examples) (2) catchment areas Encourage afforestation (2) Remove alien vegetation (2) Proper sewerage/water purification systems (2) Maximise wastewater / grey water usage (2) Frequent testing of water (2) Conserve wetlands (2) Recycle agricultural/domestic/industrial waste (2) Maintain/construct water infrastructure (2) Sustainable farming (accept examples) (2) Encourage rain water harvesting (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) [60] TOTAL SECTION A: 120 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 11 DBE/November 2024 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3.1 3.1.1 D (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 B (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.3 C (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.4 23 (1) years x 8' = 184'/ 3° 04' (1) (2 x 1) (2) 3.1.5 (3,0 cm x 0,1) (2,2 (1) cm x 0,1) [range 2,1 cm – 2,3 cm] Area calculation (0,30 (1) km x 0,22 (1) km) [range 0,21 km – 0,23 km] 0,066 (0,07) km² (1) [range 0,06 – 0,07 km²] (4 x 1) (4) 3.1.6 Due to the river (1) Expansion limited Row of trees forms a buffer zone (1) from feature 6 There is a recreational area (accept greenbelt) (1) in a SE [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) direction 3.2 3.2.1 (a) Urban heat island (effect) (1) (1 x 1) (1) Why is the high (b) Heat will get trapped (2) density of buildings Reduced wind speed (2) at F Reduced air flow (2) contributing to higher Artificial surfaces (2) temps? Multiple reflections (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.2.2 Rose Park at 7 is located on the north (east)-facing slope which is warmer / Aspect of slope receives more insolation (2) (1 x 2) (2) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING Rose Park at 7 is located on the north (east)-facing slope (1) [MAXIMUM 1 MARK] 3.2.3 A (accept D) (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.4 To reduce the risk of flooding due to the confluence of rivers (2) Explain why the To reduce the risk of flooding downstream (cultivated land, built up area, constructio n of a weir railway line, caravan park) (2) was necessary. [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) F+Q INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING To reduce the risk of flooding (1) [MAXIMUM 1 MARK] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Geography/P1 12 DBE/November 2024 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2.5 Meander (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.6 Land is flat/ gentle (accept lower course) (1) Give evidence Contour lines are far apart (1) for dev of landform [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.7 Water flows faster on the outer bank /11/ undercut slope (2) Why more erosion at Water flows slower on the inner bank /10/ slip off slope (2) 11 than 10 [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.1 High (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 Attribute (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.3 It indicates what feature J represents in reality (2) Reference assists in The reference shows that the symbol at J is an excavation (2) identifying feature To distinguish between similar land-use features (mine dump and mine excavation) (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.4 The demarcation of an area around/along a geographical feature/ Buffering location (2) [CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.5 Restrict development on the banks of the river (2) Buffing- protect Decrease pollution from the built-up area (2) quality of water in Reduces eroded soil from entering the river (2) river Decreased eutrophication (2) Reduces salinity (2) The natural course/capacity of the river will be maintained (2) Biodiversity of the river will be preserved (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) TOTAL SECTION B: 30 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved