Agricultural Sciences Grade 11 P2 2017 Memo (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2017 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 8 pages.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C √√ Xylem (2) 1.1.2 B √√ ii, iii and iv (2) 1.1.3 B √√ Drip irrigation (2) 1.1.4 A √√ eutrophication. (2) 1.1.5 D √√ stem cuttings. (2) 1.1.6 D √√ Grain and fruit damage before reaching maturity (2) 1.1.7 C √√ oxygen. (2) 1.1.8 B √√ Tensiometer (2) 1.1.9 B √√ nitrogen. (2) 1.1.10 C √√ secondary cultivation. (2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 D √√ Failure of viable seed to germinate (2) 1.2.2 F √√ Cutting, turning and shattering of the soil with rotary tillers (2) 1.2.3 I √√ Microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas (2) 1.2.4 E √√ Receives pollen during pollination (2) 1.2.5 A √√ Required for nitrogen fixation (2) (10) 1.3 1.3.1 Sodicity √√ (2) 1.3.2 Systemic herbicides √√ (2) 1.3.3 Mutation √√ (2) 1.3.4 Hydroponics √√ (2) 1.3.5 Monoculture √√ (2) (10) 1.4 1.4.1 Pipe drains √ (1) 1.4.2 Vegetative √ (1) 1.4.3 Osmosis √ (1) 1.4.4 Necrosis √ (1) 1.4.5 Compost √ (1) (5) TOTAL SECTION A: 45 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 3 SECTION B: QUESTION 2: PLANT NUTRITION 2.1 2.1.1 (a) Granum/Grana √ (1) (b) Stroma/Fluid matrix √ (1) 2.1.2  Oxygen emission √  Manufacturing of sugars/carbohydrate √  Stored excess plant parts like fruits are used as food by man √  Stored plant parts are used as raw materials for manufacturing/production √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.3  Roots √  Tubers √  Stems √  Leaves √  Fruits √  Seeds √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 2.1.4  Energy is used/stored in photosynthesis. √ (1)  Energy is produced/released in respiration. √ (1) 2.2 2.2.1 Active ion uptake √ (1) 2.2.2 Active ion uptake √ (1) 2.2.3 Passive ion uptake √ (1) 2.3 2.3.1  It improves soil structure √  It improves water retention √  It is a rich source of nitrogen √ (3) 2.3.2 Calcite/Calcitic agric lime/CaCO3 √ Dolomitic agric lime/CaCO3.MgCO3 √ (2) 2.3.3  Storage and handling of the manure √  The type of animal √  The age of the animal √  The type of feed given to the animals √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 2.4 2.4.1 Compound/Mixed fertiliser √ (1) 2.4.2  The picture indicates a mixture ratio of 2:3:2 √  The bag contains more than one type of fertiliser √ (Any 1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 N=3 P=2 K=1 Total: 3+2+1=6 √ 3 % nitrogen = 6 x30 = 15% (4) 2.5 2.5.1 The effect of different nutrient elements on the formation of buds in rose plan 30 25 Number of buds 20 15 10 5 0 cobalt nitrogen boron potassium zink Nutrient elements Bar graph √ (1) Correct heading √ (1) Correct plotting/proportional plotting √ (1) Labelling and units on y-axis √ (1) Labelling and units on x-axis √ (1) (5) 2.5.2 Macro elements Micro elements Nitrogen √ Cobalt √ Potassium √ Zinc √ Boron √ (5) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 5 QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION 3.1 3.1.1 FIGURE 3.1(a) Hypogeal germination √ FIGURE 3.1(b) Epigeal germination √ (2) 3.1.2  Scarification √  Priming √ (2) 3.1.3  Enough soil moisture √  Favourable temperature √  Enough oxygen √  Ideal growth medium √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.2 3.2.1 FIGURE 3.2(a) Grafting √ FIGURE 3.2(b) Budding √ (2) 3.2.2  They produce plants that are true to type √  Grafted plants and budded plants produce fruits earlier than seed grown plants. √  They require no pollination √  To impart disease resistance or hardiness, contributed by the root √  To reduce the occurrence of seed borne diseases √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.3 3.3.1 Cross pollination √ (1) 3.3.2  Plants produce large amounts of dry pollen grains √  Flowers are small and dull in appearance √  The corolla is either absent or very small √  Flowers have large styles and anthers √  Flowers are not scented √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.3.3  Insects √  Mammals √  Birds √  Water √  Mice √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 3.4 3.4.1  They only affect the part of the plant they are applied √  They are suitable for annual plants √  They do not affect root crops √  Leaves can resurrect after a period of time without total destruction √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.4.2  Weeds grow easily in disturbed environments √  Weeds produce large quantities of seeds √  Weeds seeds have a long life span √  Weeds have many seed dispersal methods √  Most weeds are native/adaptable to the environment within which they compete with cultivated crops √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.4.3  Weeds compete with crops for moisture/space/nutrients/light √  Weeds interfere with the harvesting of crops √  Weeds serve as host plants for insects and pests √  Weeds that are thorny pose health hazards to plants √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 3.5  Use the right product for the pest to be controlled √  Use the right quantity of the pesticide √  Apply the product at the correct stage √  Ensure the correct interval for the application of the product √  Follow the safety directions such as wearing cloths √  Do not dispose chemicals into water source √ (Any 4 x 1) (4) 3.6  Fertilisers – Farm seeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act,1947 √  Agricultural Pest Act, 1983 √  Agricultural Products Standards Act, 1990 √  Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act, 1983 √  The Plant Breeders’ Right Act, 1976 √  Genetically Modified Organisms Act, 1997 √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) [35] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 7 QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCES 4.1 4.1.1  Farmers move away from blanket fertiliser application √  Farmers apply fertiliser to specific poor area √  It allows farmers to compare harvest information √  Farmers identify non fertile spots in their fields √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.1.2  Global position systems/GPS/Satellites √  Computers √  Maps √  Data cards √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.1.3  Capital/it’s expensive/loan/financial assistant √  Lack of knowledge/technical know-how maintenance skill √  Lack of support/equipment like combine harvester and tractors √ (Any 2 x 1) (3) 4.2 4.2.1 Flood irrigation Flood irrigation is an irrigation system where the whole surface of the soil √ is flooded. √ Sprinkler irrigation With sprinkler irrigation, water is forced under pressure through a rotating spray to reach the soil’s surface √ in the form of separate drops. √ (4) 4.2.2  Where the slope is level/flat √  When the water is plentiful and cheap √  When a strong stream of water is available √  Where the soil is not sandy √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.2.3  Not much labour is required √  There is no loss of water through seepage √  Water is measured accurately √  It is possible to irrigate uneven soils √  Water is applied uniformly √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.3 4.3.1 Bare cultivation Mulching B/Compaction occurs √ D/No compaction √ C/Weak aeration √ A/Better air movement √ (4) 4.3.2 Mulching refers to the spreading of any loose material such as saw dust, leaves on the soil surface √ to protect the soils ant roots from the effects of rain drops, crusting and evaporation. √ (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2017) 4.3.3  Mulching prevents soil surface evaporation √  It retain soil moisture √  It controls weeds √  It prevents erosion √  Prevents incidence of rain drops √  It protects plant roots √  It decomposes to increase organic fertiliser to the soil √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4 4.4.1 Hydroponics √ (1) 4.4.2  The pH of the medium should be neutral √  It should provide support to the plant √  It should retain moisture and allow space for good moisture exchange √  It should have sufficient pores to allow circulation of air around the root system √  It should provide protection to the roots against temperature fluctuations √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) 4.4.3  No soil is needed, plants can be grown anywhere as long as there is light √  Lower water cost as the same water can be reused √  It is easier to control nutritional levels √  There is no need for tilling, watering, fumigation and weed eradication √  It is easier to control plant pests and diseases as plant containers can be moved easily √  Hydroponics uses less fertiliser √  The growing season is extended √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.5  To provide aeration for roots to breath √  To enhance oxygen flow in the soil for microbial activities √  To reduce accumulation of brack salts in the top soil √  To reduce production risk √  For field operation such as ploughing √ (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.6  They grow better and faster √  Some people prefer eating the exotic breeds √  They are more fertile, breed easily and produce many young ones √  They are more in demand and provide a large market √ (Any 3 x 1) (3) [35] TOTAL SECTION B: 105 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over