Religion Studies Grade 12 P1 NSC June 2023 Memo (English)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/ NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS RELIGION STUDIES P1 2023 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking-guidelines consist of 13 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 2 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A (COMPULSORY) QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 C√ (1) 1.1.2 D√ (1) 1.1.3 B√ (1) 1.1.4 A√ (1) 1.1.5 B√ (1) 1.1.6 A√ (1) 1.1.7 D√ (1) 1.1.8 B√ (1) 1.1.9 C√ (1) 1.1.10 D√ (1) (10) 1.2 1.2.1 Bahá'u'lláh√ (1) 1.2.2 Halakhah√ (1) 1.2.3 Belief System/Religion/Worldview√ (1) 1.2.4 Golden Rule√ (1) 1.2.5 Non-theistic/Agnosticism√ (1) 1.2.6 Covenant√ (1) (6) 1.3 1.3.1 E√ (1) 1.3.2 G√ (1) 1.3.3 F√ (1) 1.3.4 H√ (1) 1.3.5 C√ (1) 1.3.6 B√ (1) (6) 1.4 1.4.1  Atheism√  The other three are concepts about belief in God/gods/divine beings.√ (2) 1.4.2  Taoism√  The other three are religions from the Middle East.√  The other three are monotheistic religions.√ (2) 1.4.3  Gentile√  The other three are teachings of different religions.√ (2) 1.4.4  Spirit√  The other three are religious leaders from different religions.√ (2) 1.4.5  Heresy√  The other three are concepts used in Hinduism.√ (2) (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 3 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.5 1.5.1  False√  Abdu'l-Baha appointed Shoghi Effendi as his successor/ Bahá'u'lláh appointed Abdu'l-Baha as his successor.√ (2) 1.5.2  True√√ (2) 1.5.3  False√  Orthodox Jews are those who belong to a stricter strand of Judaism.√/  Reform Jews are those who belong to a more liberal strand of Judaism.√ (2) 1.5.4  False√  The 'Reformation' in the church was started by Martin Luther.√/ Martin Luther King was a/an (American) human rights activist. (2) 1.5.5  False√  The Crusades of the Middle Ages were religious wars fought between the Muslims and Christians.√ (2) (10) 1.6 1.6.1  African Initiated Churches are formed by combining African Traditional Religion and Christianity to create a new religion. √√  African Traditional Religion is a religion of the African indigenous people of Africa and originated in Africa. √√  African Initiated Churches believe in Jesus/ the Trinity √√  African Traditional Religion believes in God .√√ (4) 1.6.2  Pluralism means all religions are paths towards the truth and are equally true. √√  Syncretism is when two different belief systems combine to form a new one. √√ NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 4 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1  Refers to a story that is told to illustrate a religious principle or answer a religious question.  It is usually very short and contains a definite moral.  It contains religious beliefs, ideas, morals and warnings. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 2.1.2  Any being who out of compassion has taken the Bodhisattva vow can enter Nirvana on his own merit.  A being who views his own comfort as concerns subordinate to the needs of others.  A person who delays his/her own Nirvana, and is at the service of the enlightenment of others, helping them to be free from the cycle of birth and rebirth. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 2.2 2.2.1  Christians believe in Jesus Christ as the Son of God.  Christians believe in the Holy Trinity.  They believe that God sent his Son, Jesus Christ to become human and to live among people on earth. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 2.2.2  Taoists aim to live in harmony with the way of the universe and not to struggle to have their own desires.  Wu-wei can be translated as non-action or effortless action.  It is one of the religions to have given rise to martial arts, in particular Neijia. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 2.2.3  There is only one ultimate reality but many ways of seeing that reality and many paths to reaching it.  The purpose of life is to feel reunited with the divine being and to overcome the feeling of being trapped in the physical world with all its limitations.  The ultimate method for achieving this is yoga.  Reincarnation: belief that a human soul is born many times on earth, some are reborn in to higher form of life.  Others are reborn into lower forms of life. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 5 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3  In African Traditional Religion it is believed that even though they are dead, the ancestors are still seen as part of the family and the living community.  The living members of the family communicate with the ancestors through the ritual of sacrifice.  The ancestors can continue to play a role in the lives of the living through the ritual of sacrifice.  The ancestors are an essential part in events that happen in the family, such as birth, marriages and funerals.  The ancestors protect the family from evil and misfortune. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 2.4  A state of perfect happiness and peace in Buddhism.  Release from suffering and the cycle of rebirth.  The highest goal of Buddhist practice. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (2) 2.5  It is the foundation of all action in religions.  It helps guide followers of the religion on the right path.  It sets a norm and standard for how followers should behave. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 2.6  To go through a religious ceremony in which one is made a member of that church community.  Water is used during the ceremony as a sign of purification and new life. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 2.7  The term 'transcendence' means going beyond or above any limitation.  They take seriously the commandment against having images of God.  God cannot be pictured because pictures are a form of limitation.  God does not take human form because that is also a form of limitation. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 2.8  Doctrine is a synonym for teaching.  Doctrine, just like teaching, does not necessarily have any negative meaning.  It is also regarded as a religious teaching.  The word dogma comes from the Greek word 'dogma' which originally meant 'appearance' or 'opinion'.  It is a principle tenet (teaching) or system of these, particularly as laid down by a collective religious authority.  It is a firm declaration of opinion and faith.  These are not beliefs that are up for discussion.  They have to be believed absolutely. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 6 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.9 2.9.1  The Qur'an exists today exactly as in the time of the Prophet Muhammad and is believed to be the literal, exact word of God.  The Qur'an has also remained pure and authentic because it was written down and memorised in the lifetime of the Prophet that it was revealed to.  The Qur'an is a unique scripture that has come down to all humanity through the ages, unchanged and in the original language.  Although translations of the Qur'an exist, Muslims always read and memorise it in its original Arabic. (4) 2.9.2  All human beings are equal, regardless of colour, race or gender.  The most important goal in the Baha'i faith is working towards the unity of all people. This will solve the political and economic woes that are currently experienced. (4) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 7 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 EXAMPLE 1: CHRISTIANITY  According to the book of Genesis, male and female were created at the same time and they are equal.  Apostle Paul teaches that in Christ there is neither male nor female.  This means that male and female are equal before the eyes of God.  There is evidence that Jesus treated women as equals to men.  He taught that both men and women are equally guilty if they commit adultery. (John 4).  He had women disciples who stayed with Him at the cross. (Matt. 27: 55)  Jesus appeared first to woman after His resurrection.  Christianity promotes equality of male and female, 'there is no male or female in Christ'. EXAMPLE 2: HINDUISM  Hindus believe that all souls are part of the divine and so are equal.  This means that male and female should be treated equally.  Some Hindus, such as Virashaivas believe that male and female should have equal roles in life and religion.  They have women religious leaders, as well as men.  Other Hindus believe that women and men should have equal roles in society but different roles in the temple.  They believe that the scriptures and Law of Manu need to be interpreted in the light of modern life to include women. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. The candidate may select teachings from more than one religion. Each relevant teaching may be explained by up to THREE points. (12) 3.1.2 YES  Modern slavery is all around us but is often disguised.  Workers in Third World countries have little or no human rights.  Human trafficking still exists in many countries.  Legal ownership of people was abolished in all countries, but it has not been criminalised.  Forced labour and servitude are still in existence (state of being a slave to someone more powerful) NO  There has been much progress in the fight for equal rights.  Every human being has the right to equality.  Every human being has the right to freedom from discrimination.  Every human being has the right to life and liberty.  These are entrenched in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 8 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.2 3.2.1 EXAMPLE 1: CHRISTIANITY  You reap what you sow.  This teaches Christians to be responsible for whatever they do or say.  Christians believe in the Judgement Day, where everyone will be judged according to what he/she did while in the flesh.  This belief promotes responsibility in every action, since they will be held accountable. EXAMPLE 2: HINDUISM  Hindus believe in the law of karma.  This law teaches that a person's actions in the past are responsible for his or her present state, and that his or her present deeds determine his or her future.  The law of karma promotes responsibility to every adherent for the future life.  Hindus also believe in reincarnation: a soul is reborn into a new status, based on how the previous life was lived. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (8) 3.2.2 ADVANTAGES  There will be no compulsion in worship.  A person has freedom to experiment with different religions.  A person can abandon his/her religion if it no longer satisfies changing spiritual needs.  A person can influence, and be influenced by, interaction with various religions.  A religion will have only genuine, devout followers, and not have hypocrites that do not believe in its teachings.  Religions can become more tolerant, and accept that they will lose some followers, and also gain others.  People may adopt more than one religion. DISADVANTAGES  By switching religions, a person can become confused.  It can lead to animosity from adherents of one's previous religion.  It can lead to interreligious conflict, between the religion losing followers, and the one gaining followers.  Where a person openly declares his /her intention to change religion, it can lead to increased coercion.  A religion may lose its identity, owing to too much diversity. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (8) 3.3  People will be forced to convert to a particular religion.  There could be persecution of minority religions.  Religious discrimination and prejudice will occur.  There will be no religious harmony.  Religious conflict may occur. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 9 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.4  It is the act of enabling individuals or communities to pursue the religions of their choice without fear of reprisal.  People in a particular country are free to subscribe to religious beliefs of their choice.  The state does not promote any specific religion.  Religious observances may be conducted at any state institutions on an equal basis.  However, attendance must be free and voluntary. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 3.5 YES  The building of temples, mosques, etc. was allowed but strictly controlled.  Different religious gatherings were allowed, without state interference.  Different religious leaders were involved in politics.  People were still free to choose their own religion. NO  During the apartheid era, Christianity was recognised as a state religion.  The Dutch Reformed Church was the only church recognised by the state.  Christianity was the dominant religion.  Christian-National Education was the state's education policy.  State funds were used to pay salaries of some Christian ministers.  Other religions received little or no state recognition.  Many religious leaders were banned for political reasons. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (8) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 10 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1  They wanted to establish peace.  They wanted to establish democratic government in Iraq.  To disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 4.1.2  He was tolerant of the Shi'a.  He enjoyed support from Shi'a groups in Iraq.  There was a cordial Sunni-Shi'a relationship in Iraq prior to the invasion.  The Shi'a were tolerant of Saddam Hussein and gave him political support.  The country's economic progress under Saddam ensured that both Sunni and Shi'a gave him political support. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (8) 4.1.3  Sunni militant organisations.  Shi'a militant organisations. (4) 4.1.4  The invasion of Iraq by the USA escalated sectarian violence in Iraq.  Civilians were killed by extremists from both fighting parties.  It made it easier for extremists from both sides to recruit angry people to their cause.  The country's infrastructure and economy were destroyed.  Some Muslim countries were against the interference of USA.  Some American people also complained that it was the waste of their taxes to keep soldiers in Iraq.  Americans voted Barack Obama in to power because he promised to withdraw American soldiers in Iraq.  The interference of America in Iraq was unnecessary.  The invasion resulted in the breakdown of security, infrastructure, public health and the death of almost a hundred thousand people, mostly civilians.  They deposed Saddam Hussein.  They destroyed the country's economy.  They secured a cheap oil supply for the US.  The US appointed a puppet government to rule over the country. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 11 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.1.5  This is a conflict about political and economic control.  Prior to the US invasion, there was no religious conflict.  There was however some dissent among the Shi'a.  After the US invasion, the Shi'a obtained military support from Iran.  This escalated Sunni-Shi'a conflict.  Acts of terrorism and protests targeted mainly the US led government.  They were not religious in nature – places of worship are not a primary target.  Religious differences are often highlighted in any conflict.  However, this is not a religious conflict. (12) NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. 4.1.6  The infighting is still carrying on.  There is still political unrest.  The economy of the country is still affected. (2) 4.2  Religious organisations must form an international organisation that will be recognised by all countries in the world. Religious organizations can be mediators in addressing religious differences.  Religious organisations should encourage governments of different countries to sign a working agreement that they will not interfere in religious conflicts.  Religious organizations can be mediators in conflict situations.  Religious organisations should deem it a punishable offence to interfere militarily in religious conflict.  The International organisation must have agreed rules of solving religious conflict.  This could be linked to structures such as the Parliament of the World's Religions.  The international religious organisation must have its own international court of justice.  This organization could offer guidance to warring factions on peaceful co- existence.  The international court of justice must have power to sanction religions which break peace agreements. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (10) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 12 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 5 5.1 5.1.1  South Africa is a secular state.  All religions are treated equally. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 5.1.2  Politicians are often seen as religious people.  However, they do not use religious teachings for political influence, as South Africa is a secular state.  They have, on occasion, used religious gatherings for electioneering.  Religious bodies remain largely neutral in political issues.  Prior to 1994, religious organisations openly rejected the state’s apartheid policy. (6) NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. 5.1.3  Broadcasting Complaints Commission of South Africa .(BCCSA)  Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities of South Africa (CRL)  South African National Editors Forum.  Human Rights Commission. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (6) 5.1.4  Stories that report about conflict.  How religion influences politics. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (4) 5.1.5 YES  There are programmes on public television that educate audience about different religions, e.g. issues of faith.  Public radio stations have slots for different religions.  Different religious events are covered by public media.  Social media covers all religions, even Satanism. NO  The South African media covers more negative stories about religions, and this divides the community.  They write about negative religious stories without giving the religion concerned the right to reply.  Minority religions such as the Baha'i faith are not given equal opportunity on state media, compared to 'bigger' religions.  South African media does not demonstrate sensitivity when they report about religious issues. For example, when they report about terrorism in African countries, Muslims are described as terrorists. Other religions are not mentioned. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 13 DBE/2023 SC/NSC – Marking Guidelines 5.2  The media is not independent.  If the media reports negative things about state religion, it can be closed down.  Media houses that promote state religion receive preference from the state.  All state advertisement and functions are given to such media.  Journalists who report negative stories about state religion are intimidated, harassed, and even killed.  Public media is controlled by the state, and report only about state religion.  Therefore, the media can fuel religious conflict. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (12) 5.3  It helps to maintain discipline and order among the journalists.  It helps to promote fair coverage of religious issues.  Religious issues will be treated with respect and dignity.  It promotes objectivity in their reporting religious issues.  It discourages censorship and encourages independence in reporting.  Professionalism is adhered to in order to encourage accountability. NOTE: Other relevant responses should be accepted. (10) [50] TOTAL SECTION B: 100 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved