Religion Studies Grade 12 P1 NSC November 2018 Memo (Eng)

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 RELIGION STUDIES P1 NOVEMBER 2018 MARKING GUIDELINES MARKS: 150 These marking guidelines consist of 14 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 2 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION A (COMPULSORY) QUESTION 1 1.1. 1.1.1 C√ (1) 1.1.2 C√ (1) 1.1.3 A√ (1) 1.1.4 D√ (1) 1.1.5 A√ (1) 1.1.6 D√ (1) 1.1.7 D√ (1) 1.1.8 C√ (1) 1.1.9 B√ (1) 1.1.10 A√ (1) (10 x 1) (10) 1.2 1.2.1 • Roman Catholic √ • The others belong to the Protestant subdivision of Christianity. √ (2) 1.2.2 • Ilima √ • The others belong to Islam. √ (2) 1.2.3 • Psalms. √ • The others are kinds of stories/teachings.√ (2) 1.2.4 • Darwin. √ • The others were astronomers/scientists who discovered that the earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric view). √ (2) 1.2.5 • Martyr. √ • The others are religious leaders. √ (2) 1.3 1.3.1 F√ (1) 1.3.2 H√ (1) 1.3.3 A√ (1) 1.3.4 B√ (1) 1.3.5 C√ (1) 1.3.6 D√ (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 3 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 1.4 1.4.1 False.√ Martin Luther King was a Baptist pastor who took a leading role in the Civil Rights Movement in America in the 1960s.√ OR Martin Luther, a German Roman Catholic monk, started the Reformation.√ (2) 1.4.2 False.√ The King or Queen of England is the head of the Anglican Church. √ OR The Archbishop of Canterbury is the leading bishop but not the head. (2) 1.4.3 False.√ Mixing elements of one religion with elements of another to form a new religion is called syncretism. √ OR Fundamentalism is a form of conservatism in which members interpret the scriptures literally/selectively. (2) 1.4.4 False.√ The Baha'i faith is the youngest religion in the world. / a pluralistic religion OR African Traditional Religion is a clan-based (2) religion. √ 1.4.5 False.√ Orthodox Judaism is the oldest group who observe the laws of the Torah strictly. √ OR Conservative Judaism is the most recently formed of the subdivisions of Judaism, in reaction to the liberal views of the Reformed Jews. √ (2) 1.4.6 False.√ Ritual is a religious observance intended to remind of a sacred occasion. √ OR Compassion is a feeling for others that involves care for and sympathy with them. (2) 1.5 1.5.1 Christians/Christianity√√ (2) 1.5.2 Brahman/Ishwar/Ishvara/Shiva/Vishnu√√ (2) 1.5.3 Constantine√√ (2) 1.5.4 Normative√√ (2) 1.5.5 Yang√ and yin√ (2) 1.5.6 Qur'an√√ (2) TOTAL SECTION A: 50 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 4 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines SECTION B: QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 • It is regarded as the beginning of our present day awareness of inter-religious dialogue and relationships. • Hinduism was introduced to the West. The talks by Swami Vivekananda especially made an impression. • The Parliament has continued to today, successfully promoting inter-faith dialogue and co-operation in the world. • Practically, it has helped with mediation between groups in conflict situations. • It has helped with alleviating suffering. E.g. the Parliament developed a programme to help children in Africa who are affected by HIV/Aids and provided medical supplies. • It provides skills development programmes for people in developing countries. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6) 2.1.2 • It means different religions from all over the world coming together. • The aim is to converse with respect and inclusivity of all sides, seeking to understand rather than to win an argument (dialogue). (4) 2.1.3 • The parliament of a country is part of its government, made up of representatives who have some power and authority. • However, any person may attend PWR, whether representing a larger body or not. • PWR does not have any power or authority to actually enforce any of the resolutions taken. • It relies on those present to go back home to their countries and voluntarily implement the recommendations of the Parliament. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6) A maximum of FOUR marks may be awarded for one parliament, and TWO marks for the other. 2.1.4 EXAMPLE 1: • African Council of Religious Leaders – Religions for Peace. Successes: • They successfully bring religious leaders in Africa together in an atmosphere of inclusivity, respect and dialogue. • They preserve the religious identity of the various religions. • They uphold the principles of representivity, subsidiarity and solidarity. • They support locally led inter-faith activities and services. • They participated in the World Social Forum. • The positive work that has been done has made a difference to those communities, and is greatly appreciated. Failures: • There is still much suffering in Africa as a result of conflict. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 5 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines • There is still suffering as a result of poverty and lack of resources in Africa. • Not all countries and government authorities recognize and give support to the African Council of Religious Leaders – Religions for Peace. • The organization has limited resources, and it relies on public donations. EXAMPLE 2: • World Conference of Religions for Peace. Successes: • The organization is active on every continent. • It has formed many inter-religious groups to address common problems. • These groups are also working to promote world peace. • They have mediated in conflict situations. E.g. Sierra Leone, Bosnia and Kosovo. • They have organized an international network of religious women's organisations. Failures: • Despite the great and dedicated work by this organisation, the world seems to be experiencing an increase in conflict and lack of peace. • There even seems to be an increase in religious conflict in the world. • Volunteer organisations like this invariably struggle to obtain the resources required to match their needs. (12) NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. Two marks are awarded for naming the organisation. In addition, If only successes or only failures are discussed, a maximum of 8 marks may be awarded. 2.1.5 • Cape Town is home to many races, religious traditions, and cultural varieties. • They wanted to experience spiritual and cultural variety, to exchange insight and to share wisdom. • The world was full of admiration for South Africa on its achievement of democracy in 1994. • People were keen to come to South Africa in support of its peaceful transition, including religious people. • President Nelson Mandela supported interreligious relationships and attended the Parliament. • Cape Town is a world class city/has the necessary infrastructure. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6) 2.2 • A religious teaching is systematic information about a religion. • If the teaching is accepted by faith, it becomes a person's religious belief. • Therefore, teaching and belief are connected – teaching leads to belief and behind a belief there is a teaching. (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 6 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 2.3 • A doctrine is often contested. • There is a sense of argument and negotiation, as doctrines are constructed in relation to philosophical worldviews. • A dogma has to do with the claim to absolute authority of certain teachings. • A dogma is more formal, fixed and authoritative and therefore not contested. • Dogmas are binding on members if they want to claim membership of a religion. This means that in order to be regarded as a member of a religion, a person needs to accept its dogmas. (4) 2.4. 2.4.1 • A religion's uniqueness is at least one distinctive feature that sets it apart from other religions. • A unique feature is 'one-of-a-kind', something that belongs only to that religion and no other. (2) 2.4.2 • Unity means standing together, for a common purpose. • It is usually possible to identify the aspect in which religions are united – they share a belief or a practice; they stand together to fight for a cause, etc. (2) 2.5 2.5.1 • People in a religion might have a strong sense of togetherness and support for each other, forming a united community. • People in a religion are united in their belief in the teachings of that particular religion. • Members carry out the same practices within a religion. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (2) 2.5.2 • Different religions might come together to provide humanitarian assistance for a community affected by a natural disaster. • They unite to address social challenges, such as gangsterism or substance abuse, in their communities. • Different religions might be in unity with regard to a teaching/belief. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (2) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 7 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 3 3.1 • The word 'media' is the plural of the Latin 'medium' meaning 'by means of'. • We understand media as the means by or through which mass communication is carried out. • Kinds of media: social media/ social networks; • electronic media; TV, films • Print media/ mass media – magazines, newspaper, publications, pamphlets, articles; radio, broadcasting, etc. (6) NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. 3.2 • The significant increase in coverage is in line with the communications explosion of our times. • Due to today's easy access to information, more people are curious to know and find out things, including religious matters, for themselves. • These days many ordinary people are also well-educated, not just the religious experts, and their education enables them to form their own opinions in religious matters and world affairs. • The increase in coverage can be beneficial to religion as it involves more people and there can be greater accountability all round. • On the other hand, mere increase in coverage is not automatically a benefit, especially if the coverage is skewed. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (6) 3.3 3.3.1 • 'Orthodox faiths' means the major traditional religions of the world, e.g. Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. • 'Minority religions' means the smaller, lesser-known religions, such as indigenous knowledge systems/indigenous religions, Jainism, Confucianism, Shinto (4) 3.3.2 • Our increasingly secular world is not very interested in religion, particularly the traditional, mainline religions. • Our secular world may even be quite hostile to religion. • These religions, regarded as 'old' and 'stuffy', are not seen as newsworthy unless the news can be made sensational. • The modern trend is towards protecting minorities who do not have much of a voice to speak for themselves. • Previously, the minority religions, such as the indigenous religions, were in danger of dying out. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. aan (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 8 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.4 EXAMPLE 1: • Recently there have been reports in the print media/newspapers about sexual abuse of boys by clergy in the Anglican Church. • Two men have revealed this after more than 20 years of silence, one a well-known author. • The Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, Archbishop Thabo Makgoba, devoted part of his Easter sermon to this matter, which has been a shock to the church. • He acknowledged that the church has lagged behind in investigating such matters. • The article gave a balanced view. • The Archbishop must be complimented for his honesty and for the steps he has taken to prevent such crises. EXAMPLE 2: • According to a report in the social media, the Cultural, Religious and Language Rights Commission has been investigating reports of sexual abuse by religious leaders. • A spokesperson for the Commission has stated that this issue is 'more common than we thought'. • The Commission is doing its work following up the complaints in an objective and professional manner. • At the same time, it laments the spread of sexual abuse that it is uncovering. • Initial reports indicate that the sexual abuse has been going on for a long time, but in silence and secrecy. • The victims feel helpless because the perpetrator is an authority figure in a position of trust. • They are also often threatened with violence, and therefore remain silent. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10) 3.5 3.5.1 • This is a generalisation of someone or a group of people that is fixed and widely held, that one has accepted unquestioningly from others, without personal reflection or experience or research. • The acceptance is based on a preconceived idea or ignorance or prejudice. • Example: Germans are anti-Jew. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4) 3.5.2 • This is an unfair favouring of one or other point of view. • It is similar to prejudice. • It is the opposite of impartiality. • Example: In the apartheid era, the state was biased towards a specific interpretation of the Bible that favoured white supremacy. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 9 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 3.5.3 • It means reporting all sides of an issue without favouring any one. • Synonyms for impartiality are neutrality, fairness, non-bias, objectivity. • It is the opposite of bias or prejudice. • Example: The South African Constitution shows impartiality in matters of religion or race. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4) 3.5.4 • Sensationalism is reporting with the intention of raising 'hype' around an issue. • The reason is often commercial – to grab attention and so attract sales. • There is less concern to take a reasoned approach. • There is no concern to get to the truth of the matter. • Example: the pastors who sprayed their congregation with insecticide received worldwide publicity. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4) 3.5.5 • This is an account that reports the facts, without emotive language. • It is the opposite of a sensational or emotional or biased account. • E.g. A report on Roman Catholic priests that balances the good and the bad, showing the proportion of those involved in child abuse and measuring this against the general population. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (4) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 10 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines QUESTION 4 4.1 EXAMPLES: Freedom from discrimination • You have the responsibility to uphold this right both for yourself and for others. • You must not discriminate against others on the basis of race, colour, sex, language or political opinion. The right to marriage and family • You have the responsibility to support and promote family life, especially your own. • You have the responsibility not to act in any way that would lead to the break-down of a family. The right to education • You have the responsibility to attend classes. • You have the responsibility to be a diligent learner/student doing the work and study required. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8) 4.2 • In the Bill of Rights in the South African Constitution, religious freedom is included among the rights listed. • It says 'everyone has the right to freedom of conscience, religion, thought, belief and opinion.' Religious observances may be conducted at state or state-aided institutions under three conditions: • The observances follow rules made by the appropriate public authorities. • The observances are conducted on an equitable basis. • Attendance is free and voluntary. (8) 4.3 • At important state occasions, such as the inauguration of the state president, the opening of parliament and at public holiday celebrations (e.g. Freedom Day), leaders from many faiths are invited to participate. • Religions co-operate freely to tackle community needs, such as activities for the youth and elderly, soup kitchens, social and spiritual counselling and support, the fight against drugs and gangsterism. • Inter-religious services and prayer meetings are held. • Prayer for rain to alleviate the drought in Cape Town and other parts of South Africa is an example. • Religious discrimination can be reported to the Human Rights Commission. • It can also be investigated by the Cultural, Religious and Language Rights Commission. • Both these bodies have acted decisively to protect religious freedom. • Religion Studies teaches about different religions and traditions. It includes faiths which were marginalized during the apartheid era. • It is not a compulsory subject. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 11 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 4.4 EXAMPLE 1: • Sudan in Africa. • Civil war broke out when the Muslim central government tried to impose Sharia law on the south. • The tribes in the south were Christians and some were followers of African Religion. • Religious freedom was violated. • When South Sudan was made an independent country in 2011, matters quietened down for a short period. EXAMPLE 2: • Syria in the Middle East. • Fundamentalist Muslims (ISIS/ISIL) wanted to set up a caliphate. • They fought violently to chase away moderate Muslims, and people of other faiths, in order to create space for them to take over. • For example, Christians that had been there for a long time, were chased out. • This is a violation of religious freedom. • There are also undertones of Sunni-Shia conflict, each side showing intolerance towards the other. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8) 4.5 4.5.1 EXAMPLES: • Judaism and Christianity teach that each person is unique because he/she is made in the image and likeness of God. • He/she is deserving of human dignity and equality. • Christianity also teaches that one should love one's neighbour as oneself. • This shows that people are to love each other and that each one is worthy of love. • Most religions teach that human life is sacred and must be given the greatest respect. E.g. Islam, African Religion, Hinduism. • Buddhism has the teaching 'First, do no harm' (ahimsa). • It clearly spells out that we do not have the right to harm others and that everyone has the right to be protected and safe. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (8) NO credit is given if religious teachings are not clearly indicated. 4.5.2 EXAMPLES: • Buddhism teaches the Eightfold Path to attain Nirvana. • The Eightfold Path encourages each one to work towards spiritual fulfilment, regardless of the particular religion. This is freedom of religion in practice. • The Baha'i faith teaches that all religions believe in the same God and one day all people will be united in the Baha'i Faith, the only religion that will be in existence. • There is religious freedom because all religions are included. • Islam teaches that Allah created people with free will and the ability to reason. • People have freedom of belief because it is impossible to force people to believe in something. The Qur'an states 'There is no compulsion in Islam'. • Hinduism teaches that all religions are different paths leading to the Divine. Every person must faithfully follow his/her path towards God. (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 12 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. NO credit is given if religious teachings are not clearly indicated. [50] QUESTION 5 5.1 NOTE: Award TWO marks for the definition, and TWO marks for the religion. 5.1.1 • This is the worship of or belief in only one god. • The Abrahamic religions are monotheistic • The Abrahamic religions are Judaism, Christianity and Islam. (4) 5.1.2 • This refers to someone who chooses the optional stage of life of the devout person. • This person withdraws from society, gives up all possessions and wanders about. • It is a practice in Hinduism. (4) 5.1.3 • This means showing respect and empathy for people. • It includes helping those who are physically, emotionally, socially or spiritually in need. • It is a communal way of life based on 'Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu' meaning 'I am because we are'. • It is the ethics or moral order based on respect for people. • It is found in African Traditional Religion. (4) 5.1.4 • Dharma refers to the way of Higher Truths (doctrines) • This is how it is understood in Buddhism OR • Dharma is the belief that there is divine order in the whole of existence. • This is how it is understood in Hinduism. (4) 5.2 5.2.1 • These make up the Abrahamic religions/Religions of the Book/ the Near East or Middle East cluster. • They are monotheistic. • They share many prophets – Abraham, Isaac, Moses. • They place great emphasis on religious teaching. • They regard their sacred scripture as divinely inspired. • They believe in the Judgement Day. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (2) 5.2.2 • They belong to the cluster of the Indian sub-continent. • Buddhism arose out of Hinduism, so they share a common root. • They both believe in reincarnation (samsara), although they have different perceptions of it. • They both have the teachings of moksha and karma. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 13 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines 5.2.3 • They include much African culture in their rituals and practices. • They believe that ancestors are intermediaries between God and the living. • They enjoy 'lively' services with spirited singing and dancing. • The priests in the Zionist Christian Churches play a role similar to healers in ATR. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (2) 5.3 NOTE: Practices such as fasting and Hajj are NOT credited. • They believe in Allah the Lord of all that exists. • They believe that there is only one God, Allah. • They believe in the angels. • They believe in His Books. • They believe in all His messengers. • They believe in Judgement Day. • They believe in Divine decree, good or bad. • They believe in predestination. , • They believe in life after death. (12) 5.4 • Each is a set of thoughts, ideas, teachings, beliefs and practices that guides the worldview of their followers. • The word 'ideology' is often used as a substitute for religion, especially when the supporter of a particular ideology does not have a religion. • Current use of the word often implies that the speaker is talking about a set of beliefs not his/her own. • Ideology includes both secular and religious worldviews. (4) 5.5 EXAMPLE 1: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION (ATR) • Ancestor veneration/Intermediaries • Although ATR believes in a Supreme Being, the followers do not interact much with this divinity who is seen as almighty and remote. • Instead they interact greatly with the ancestors whom they regard as intermediaries between the Supreme Being and humans. • The ancestors are a very important part of this religion. They guide and protect the family who consult them on all matters. • Humans interact with the ancestors through the human intermediaries known as sangomas or diviners. • To become a sangoma is a special calling. • Communal way of life/a clan based religion/the concept of ubuntu • There is a strong emphasis on the community, little idea of individualism. • The structure and organisation of society is clan-based, led by the elders for whom there is great respect. The elders will become the ancestors. • The spirit in the community is that of Ubuntu which fosters care for each other. Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com Religion Studies/P1 14 DBE/November 2018 NSC – Marking Guidelines • Emphasis on practice/No special day of worship. • This religion emphasises 'doing'. • It has many rituals, carried out for various purposes, led by the elder of the clan. • There is no special date or time for the rituals. • They are carried out when needed and agreed upon by the clan or community. • When the ritual is carried out, that time and activity are sacred. There is no special day of worship. EXAMPLE 2: BUDDHISM • There is no God at the centre of its beliefs and teachings. • The aim and purpose of life is to attain Nirvana or Enlightenment. • This rests on the individual, who can get there by his own efforts and practices. • The way to achieve Nirvana is by following the Eightfold Path. • Humans suffer and are unhappy because of attachment. • The way to alleviate this is to develop the attitude of detachment. • Detachment can be developed with the realisation that everything in the universe is impermanent. • The Four Noble Truths teach this worldview. • The Eightfold Path teaches a way of living that leads to Nirvana: • Right understanding and thought involves the wisdom to actively choose this way. • Next comes the right conduct or actions that go with this decision – right speech, action, and livelihood. • The last three involve the higher level of the spiritual – right effort, mindfulness and concentration in meditation. NOTE: Other relevant answers must be credited. (12) [50] TOTAL SECTION B: 100 GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved