Geography Grade 10 Paper 1 National November 2019 Memo (English)

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 10 NOVEMBER 2019 GEOGRAPHY P1 MARKING GUIDELINE MARKS: 225 This marking guideline consists of 12 pages.

2 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019) QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 Global warming 1.1.2 Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide CFCs (Any TWO) 1.1.3 Methane 1.1.4 Drought 1.1.5 Carbon footprint 1.1.6 Plants 1.1.7 Tree planting/Vegetation/Afforestation (8 x 1) (8) 1.2 1.2.1 C 1.2.2 A 1.2.3 B 1.2.4 A 1.2.5 C 1.2.6 C 1.2.7 B (7 x 1) (7) 1.3 1.3.1 B – Warm front (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 South Indian High Pressure (1) 1.3.3 The letter L Isobars are decreasing towards the centre It is circular in shape (Any 2 x 2) (4) 1.3.4 (a) Cold front (1 x 1) (1) (b) Frontal rainfall (1 x 1) (1) (c) It is associated with cold weather Temperature drops Snow may fall Heavy rainfall Strong winds Cumulonimbus cloud (Any 3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) GEOGRAPHY P1 3 1.4 1.4.1 A – Troposphere B – Stratosphere C – Thermosphere D – Mesosphere (4 x 1) (4) 1.4.2 10 to 12 km (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 B (Stratosphere) (2) 1.4.4 The low temperatures in this layer help to reduce fuel consumption Bad weather is less in this layer Less turbulence/shaking of the aeroplane due to clear weather (Any 1 x 2) (2) 1.4.5 Importance of the atmosphere It helps to experience different weather conditions and climate It absorbs dangerous radiation from the sun It protects people against extremely high and extremely cold temperatures It contains gases that are necessary for life on earth It contains ozone that protects the earth from ultraviolet rays (Any 4 x 2) (8) 1.5 1.5.1 Intrusive igneous activity is a rock that forms below the earth’s surface (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 B – Laccolith C – Volcanic pipe D – Lopolith (3 x 1) (3) 1.5.3 Monolith (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.4 Granite domes Karoo landscapes (Mesa, butte and conical hill) (2 x 1) (2) 1.5.5 It is mushroom shaped (1 x 2) (2) 1.5.6 B is formed when magma cools slowly C is formed when magma forces the overlying strata upwards D is formed when magma solidifies in a carrot shaped feature (3 x 2) (6) 1.6 1.6.1 2 (1 x 1) (1) 1.6.2 Dormant Active (2 x 1) (2) 1.6.3 Due to its location on the ‘Ring of Fire,’ an arc of volcanoes and fault lines encircling the Pacific Basin (1 x 2) (2) 1.6.4 To protect themselves from volcanic ashfall To protect them from injuries To avoid inhaling ash To prevent death of people (Any 2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019) 1.6.5 Positive effects of volcanoes Hot springs attract tourists Hot springs and geysers can be used to generate electricity Volcanic lava forms fertile soil Increased output due to fertile soil More income generated It serves as fertiliser for soil (Any 3 x 2) (6) [75] QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 A (Floods) 2.1.2 A (Dew point) 2.1.3 D (Deforestation) 2.1.4 D (Terrestrial radiation) 2.1.5 A (Radiation) 2.1.6 C (Carbon dioxide) 2.1.7 A (Humidity) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2 2.2.1 B (Metamorphic rock) 2.2.2 I (Magma) 2.2.3 A (Rock cycle) 2.2.4 F (Basalt) 2.2.5 D (Syncline) 2.2.6 H (Fold mountain) 2.2.7 E (Igneous rock) 2.2.8 G (Gneis) (8 x 1) (8) 2.3 2.3.1 (a) Mozambique Current (1 x 1) (1) (b) Benguela Current (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Amanzimtoti = Indian Ocean Hondeklip Bay = Atlantic Ocean (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.3 Maritime climate is a climate with moderate temperatures due to the influence of the oceans while continental climate is a climate with extreme temperatures which occurs in places far from the sea (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.4 27 °C – 21 °C = 6 °C (3 x 1) (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) GEOGRAPHY P1 5 2.3.5 Durban is along the Indian Ocean which is warm and raises the temperature Warm Mozambique current flows along the Coast of Amanzimtoti Hondeklip Bay is along the Atlantic Ocean which is cold and lowers the temperature Cold Benguela current flows along the Coast of Hondeklip Bay (Any THREE. Must refer to both Amanzimoti and Hondeklip Bay) (3 x 2) (6) 2.4 2.4.1 KwaZulu-Natal (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 Cumulonimbus cloud (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.3 Rain (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.4 Warm moist air blows towards the mountain and is forced to rise The rising air cools, condenses and forms Cumulonimbus clouds Rain then falls on the windward side (Any 2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Positive impacts of relief rainfall The rainfall will fill dams for irrigation There will be enough water for crops and livestock Water for domestic use Rainfall ensures the fertility of the soil Farmers will spend less income on water (Any TWO) Negative impacts of relief rainfall Heavy rains may cause floods Floods may cause erosion of soil Infrastructure of farms may be destroyed Increase expenditure to repair infrastructure Heavy rains destroy crops and livestock may drown in flash floods (Any TWO) (4 x 2) (8) 2.5 2.5.1 Earthquake is a vibration in the earth’s crust (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Nearly 9,000 people died and more than 22,000 suffered injuries (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.3 22 000 (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.4 Damage to infrastructure Loss of lives Injury to people Buildings destroyed Destroys farmlands Destroys the natural environment Objects swallowed by the earth (Any 2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019) 2.5.5 The foundations of buildings must be designed to absorb ground movements Buildings with wood and use other flexible materials Use super-strong materials that can bend, stretch and compress without breaking Building must be strong to withstand seismic waves (Any 1 x 2) (2) 2.5.6 Provide them with shelter Provide them with food Doctors and social workers must be sent there to treat those who were injured Firefighters must be sent to Nepal Give them money to start their lives again Provide them with clean water (Any 3 x 2) (6) 2.6 2.6.1 1 – Crust 2 – Mantle 3 – Outer Core 4 – Inner Core (4 x 1) (4) 2.6.2 Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks (3 x 1) (3) 2.6.3 Uses of igneous rocks Contains valuable metals such as copper, gold, iron and manganese Mining activities can take place to generate income Provides building materials Can be used to make tombstones Uses of Sedimentary rocks Used to make cements Can be used for building materials Can be used to make tiles and bricks Can be used to make statues and sculptures Uses of metamorphic rocks Used for roofs and garden paths Used in road construction Minerals are found in this rock For beautification and sculptures (Any 2 x 2) (4) 2.6.4 It is suitable for building It contains humus It supports the growth of crops (Any 2 x 2) (4) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) GEOGRAPHY P1 7 QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 Polygamy 3.1.2 Regional migration 3.1.3 Rural depopulation 3.1.4 Informal settlements 3.1.5 Mortality 3.1.6 HIV 3.1.7 Overpopulation 3.1.8 Demographer (8 x 1) (8) 3.2 3.2.1 F 3.2.2 G 3.2.3 E 3.2.4 A 3.2.5 C 3.2.6 B 3.2.7 D (7 x 1) (7) 3.3 3.3.1 1st December (1 x 1) (1) 3.3.2 (a) ARV = Anti-Retro Viral (1 x 1) (1) (b) 4,5 million (1 x 1) (1) (c) LoveLife Soul City Soul Buddyz (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.3.3 An increasing trend (1 x 2) (2) 3.3.4 Affects mainly the age group 20 to 49 Affects more women than men Creates child-headed families Increase in the number of orphans Death rates rise quickly Life expectancy drops Increases mortality rate (Any 2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019) 3.3.5 People must be educated to better understand the virus People must be educated to practise safe sex and monogamy People must be educated to do HIV tests regularly People must abstain from sex until they are married Abstinence is the surest way to reduce HIV since contraceptives can have defects Free supply of condoms Remove stigma through education Continue research to help find a cure or vaccine or new method of treatment Encourage voluntary testing Encourage people to take ARVs (Any 2 x 2) (4) 3.4 3.4.1 Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live. (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) 3.4.2 Lowest life expectancy = Free State Highest life expectancy = Western Cape (2 x 1) (2) 3.4.3 All nine provinces had a higher life expectancy from 2016–2021 than 2011–2016 (1 x 2) (2) 3.4.4 Access to healthcare Poverty Access to food Diseases Malnutrition War Natural disasters Accidents Lack of education Crime rate Drug abuse (Any 2 x 2) (4) 3.4.5 Regular check-up Do not abuse drugs Live a responsible life such as not over-speeding, not abusing alcohol, not having multiple relationships Do not do crime Eat a balanced diet Improve their literacy rate (Any 3 x 2) (6) 3.5 3.5.1 Fishing Swimming Scuba diving (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.5.2 Plastics (1 x 1) (1) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) GEOGRAPHY P1 9 3.5.3 It can be used to generate electricity Oil and gas can be derived from the ocean It serves as a source of oxygen For scientific research For trade For tourism It serves as source of food (Any 2 x 2) (4) 3.5.4 Reduce/ban the use of plastics Promote recycling Participate in ocean/beach clean-up Educate beachgoers, hotels and ship owners to avoid pollution Fine/punish those who pollute the ocean Reduce carbon footprint (Any 4 x 2) (8) 3.6 3.6.1 Heavy rains (1 x 1) (1) 3.6.2 Roads washed away Homes destroyed Families left homeless Walls broken down Livestock drown Soil erosion Infrastructure destroyed Cars washed away Increase government expenditure to repair infrastructure (Any 2 x 1) (2) 3.6.3 To remain on full alert and to move to higher ground if under threat (2) 3.6.4 Switch on headlights Switch on fog lights Wiper blades must be in good condition Take extra care when overtaking Do not drive through deep water Avoid abrupt acceleration, braking and steering which can result in a skid (Any 2 x 2) (4) 3.6.5 Introduce better flood warning systems Modify homes and businesses to help withstand floods Install and maintain drains Houses must be built above flood levels Tackle climate change Increase spending on flood defences Protect wetlands and introduce plant trees strategically Restore rivers to their natural courses Plant or preserve trees Educate people about the dangers of floods (Any 3 x 2) (6) [75] Copyright reserved Please turn over

10 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019) QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1 A (Political migrant) 4.1.2 B (Remittance payment) 4.1.3 B (Tourist) 4.1.4 D (Illegal migrant) 4.1.5 C (Contraception) 4.1.6 D (Population pyramid) 4.1.7 B (Over population) (7 x 1) (7) 4.2 4.2.1 (a) Solid = ice, hail and snow, frost (b) Liquid = cloud, fog, rain, drizzle (c) Gas = water vapour 4.2.2 (i) Evaporation (ii) Condensation (iii) Crystallisation (iv) Freezing (v) Melting (8 x 1) (8) 4.3 4.3.1 A refugee is a political migrant who is forced to move to another country (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) 4.3.2 (a) Persecution (1 x 1) (1) (b) Spaza shops Salon Shoe making Car guarding Hawking Bottle stores (Any 1 x 1) (1) 4.3.3 Lack of housing Unemployment among refugees is high Crime rate is high Poor safety Hatred (xenophobia) Refugees are robbed Refugees’ shops are looted (Any 2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) GEOGRAPHY P1 11 4.3.4 Invite refugees in your home Volunteer to assist refugees Help refugees to integrate into a new culture Encourage universities, churches, mosques and other religious bodies to offer refugee scholarships and shelter Offer refugees jobs Hold awareness and fundraising events Donate clothes, food etc. to refugees (2 x 2) (4) 4.3.5 They are a source of cheap labour Refugees fill the skills gap Sell goods in smaller quantities Sell goods to consumers on credit (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.4 4.4.1 Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from rural areas to towns and cities (Concept) (1 x 1) (1) 4.4.2 (a) Push factors Health care Education Money Better services Food Jobs City life (Any 2 x 1) (2) (b) Pull factors No money Boredom Poor schools No jobs Poverty War Climatic conditions (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.4.3 Overcrowding Air and noise pollution High rate of unemployment Increase in informal settlement/shacks High crime rate Increase in social vices – drug abuse, prostitution, etc. Traffic congestion (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.4.4 Encourage investment in rural development farming projects Establish agricultural schools and colleges Improve skills and provide training for farmers More research to improve food production Provide irrigation schemes Provide employment opportunities Implement rural development Improve infrastructure Provide proper services (Any 3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

12 GEOGRAPHY P1 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019) 4.5 4.5.1 (a) Jameson ( 1 x1) (1) (b) Howiesons Poort (1 x 1) (1) 4.5.2 Restricting consumption to 50 litres per person To stabilise the output Increase the number of town reservoirs (Any 2 x 1) (2) 4.5.3 Dams control flow of water, helping to prevent floods Dams store water for domestic, agricultural and industrial use Regulate the flow of water in rivers Dams serve as habitat for aquatic life Dams can be used for fishing and other recreational activities (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.5.4 Close taps when not using water Fix dripping taps and leaks Use water saving showerheads Flush toilets less often Rather take a shower and fewer baths Reuse dirty water for cleaning Recycle water Use grey water to flush toilets Switch the water off while shaving or brushing your teeth (Any 4 x 2) (8) 4.6 4.6.1 World Wildlife Fund (1 x 1) (1) 4.6.2 R6 billion (1 x 1) (1) 4.6.3 It provides employment opportunities for people who engage in aquaculture Source of protein and nutrients Serves as a source of income It provides food to reduce hunger and poverty Improves food security Promotes economic growth (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.6.4 Overfishing reduces the amount of available food for people to eat Overfishing affects other marine life that depends on fish for survival A decline in fish stocks leads to job losses and hardship (Any 2 x 2) (4) 4.6.5 Implement fishing quotas Have closed seasons for fishing Buy fish that is in season to give the fish time to replenish their numbers Only allow fishing nets with larger holes for fishing Only people with permits must be allowed to fish Heavy fines for non-compliance (Any 2 x 2) (4) [75] TOTAL: 225 Copyright reserved Please turn over