Life Sciences Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Mock 2021 Memo

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE KEREITI 12 LWETSE 2021 DISAENSE TSA BOPHELO P2 TATAISO YA HO TSHWAYA MATSHWAO: 150 Tatayiso yena ya ho tshwaya e na le maqephe a-10.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 DISAENSE TSA BOPHELO P2 (EC/LWETSE 2021) MELAWO MOTHEO E EMAHANG TSHWAWO TSA BOPHELO 1. Haeba ho fanwa ka lesedi le fetang la dimaraka tse fanweng Emisa ho tshwaya ha matshwao a hodimo a fihletswe ebe o beha mola wa wavy le 'max' ka lehlakoreng le letona la letsoho le letona. 2. Haeba, ho etsa mohlala, ho hlokahala mabaka a mararo mme ho fanwe ka a mahlano Tshwaya tse tharo tsa pele ho sa tsotelehe hore na kaofela kapa tse ding di nepahetse / di fosahetse. 3. Haeba tshebetso yohle e fanwa ha ho hlokahala feela karolo ya yona Bala tsohle mme o fane ka dimaraka karolo e amehang 4. Haeba tshebetso yohle e fanwa ha ho hlokahala feela karolo ea yona Bala tsohle mme o fane ka dimaraka karolo e amehang. 5. Haeba ho etsa tabole ho hlokahala, empa ho fanwe ka lirapa Baithuti ba tla lahlehelwa ke dimaraka ka ho se kenye tabole. 6. Haeba ditshwantshwo di fanwa ka ditlhaloso ha ditlhaloso li hlokahala Baithuti ba tla lahlehelwa ke dimaraka. 7. Haeba ditjhate tsa phallo di fanwa ho fapana le ditlhaloso Baithuti ba tla lahlehelwa ke dimaraka. 8. Haeba tatellano e sithabeditswe mme dihokela ha di utlwahale Moo tatellano le dihokela di nepahetseng, fana ka dimaraka. Ha tatellano le dihokela di fosahetse, o se ke wa fana ka dimaraka.Haeba tatellano le dikgokahano di nepahala hape, qalella ho fana ka dimaraka 9. Dikgutsufatso tse sa tsejweng Amohela haeba e hlalositswe pele. Haeba e sa hlaloswa, o se ke wa fana ka dimaraka ka kgutsufatso e sa tsejweng, empa fana ka dimaraka karolong e setseng haeba e nepahetse. 10. Dinomoro tse fosahetseng Haeba karabo e dumellana le tatellano e nepahetseng ya dipotso, empa ho fanwe ka nomoro e fosahetseng, hwa amoheleha. 11. Haeba puo e sebedisitsweng e fetola moelelo o rerilweng Se ke wa amohela. 12. Diphoso tsa mopeleto Haeba e tsebahala, amohela karabo, ha feela e sa bolele ho hong ho Saense ea Bophelo kapa haeba e sa tsamaellane le maemo. 13. Haeba mabitso a tlwaelehileng a fanwa ka mantsee Amohela, ha feela e ka amohelwa kopanong ea naha ea dipuisano. 14. Haeba ho botswa feela tlhaku, empa ho fanwa ka lebitso feela (le ka tsela e fapaneng) Se ke wa fana ka dimaraka Tokelo ya kopollo e ileditswe Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LWETSE 2021) DISAENSE TSA BOPHELO P2 3 15. Haeba dikarolo di sa fanwe ka ditekanyo Baithuti ba tla lahlehelwa ke dimaraka. Tataiso ea ho tshwaya e tla fana ka matshwao bakeng sa di-unit ka thoko. 16. Ela hloko kutlwisiso ya karabo, e ka buwang ka tsela e fapaneng 17. Tlhaloso Dipapiso tsohle (ditshwantsho, digrafo, di tabole jj) di tlameha ho ba le Sehlooho 18. Ho fetola khoutu ya dipuwo tsa semmuso (dipolelo le dikhopolo) Lentswe le le leng kapa a mabedi a hlahang (dipuong) ka puwo efe kapa efe ya semmuso ntle le puwo ya tekolo ya moithuti e sebelisitsweng haholo ho dikarabo tsa haye a lokela ho fuwa tlotla, hayeba e nepahetse. Lesupa le tsebahalang ka puwo ya semmuso e loketseng le lokela ho botswa. Sena se sebetsa lipuwong tsohle tsa semmuso. Tokelo ya kopollo e ileditswe Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 DISAENSE TSA BOPHELO P2 (EC/LWETSE 2021) KAROLO A POTSO 1 1.1 1.1.1 C  1.1.2 D  1.1.3 A  1.1.4 B  1.1.5 D  1.1.6 A  1.1.7 C  1.1.8 B  1.1.9 B  1.1.10 B  (10 x 2) (20) 1.2 1.2.1 Phenotype  1.2.2 Autosomes  1.2.3 Chiasmata /chiasma 1.2.4 Gene  1.2.5 Transcription  1.2.6 Cloning  1.2.7 Homologous chromosomes 1.2.8 Locus  (8) 1.3 1.3.1 B fela  1.3.2 Ka bobedi A le B  1.3.3 B fela  (6) 1.4 1.4.1 Meiosis  (1) 1.4.2 Metaphase 1  (1) 1.4.3 (a) B (1) (b) F (1) (c) D  and E  (Tshwaya tsa pele tsepedi feela) (2) 1.4.4 4 / tse ne (1) 1.4.5 Sperm  / (not gamete)/ spermatozoa (1) 1.5 1.5.1 Million years ago  (1) 1.5.2 (a) C /A (1) (b) A (1) (c) B (1) 1.5.3 Dikhopolo tse fapaneng tse amanang le ho iphetola hwa dintho di nile tsa lekwa le ho netefatswa ka mora nako / e bile le diteko tse maloa me e tseheditswe ke bopaki (1) 1.5.4 - Biogeography  - Genetics  - Modification by descent/homologous structures (Tshwaya tse THARO feela) (Efe kapa efe 3 x 1) (3) KAKARETSO YA KAROLO A: 50 Tokelo ya kopollo e ileditswe Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LWETSE 2021) DISAENSE TSA BOPHELO P2 5 POTSO 2 2.1 2.1.1 A – Centromere  (1) 2.1.2 DNA Replication  (1) 2.1.3 - Molek'hule ya DNA ya phutholoha  - Le unzips  / khefu e fokolang ya haedrojene - Khwele ka ngwe e sebetsa jwalo ka ditempele  - Di nucleotide tsa mahala tse phaphametseng ka hara nucleoplasm - Ikopanye le sehlopha sa bona sa tlatsetso / base pair / (TA; CG) - Ho etsa dikhwele tse pedi tse tswanang tsa DNA  (Efe kapa efe 4 x 1) (4) 2.1.4 - Hlahisa dikopi tse pedi hantle tsa disele / DNA / dichromosome - Hore sele e ngwe le e ngwe e ncha e entsweng ka mitosis e na le diphatsa tsa lefutso / dipalo tse lekanang hantle le DNA jwalo ka sele ya motswadi  / dichromosome (2) 2.2 2.2.1 Seta 2  (1) 2.2.2 Lihlopha( di bands) tsohle tsa lesiya tse sa dumellaneng le ntate 2 di bapisa mme 2  KAPA Mekwallo yohle ya DNA ya ngwana e tswana le ya ntate 2 le mme 2  KAPA Dihlopha tsa batswadi ba bang ha di tswane le dihlopha tsohle tsa lesiya  (2) 2.2.3 Madi  sele ya letlalo  or nama ya motho sele ya moriri  mathe  Tshwaya tse pedi feela (Efe kapa efe 2 x 1) (2) 2.2.4 Bopaki ba bayoloji dipatlisisong tsa forensiki  / diketsahalo tsa botlokotsebe / khetholla dinokwane Ho batla batho ba lahlehileng  Khetholla batho ba shweleng / liphoofolo Ho khetholla mathata a diphatsa tsa lefutso  Disele tse lumellanang bakeng sa ho fetiswa ha setho  Ho theha dikamano tsa lelapa  Tshwaya tse PEDI feela (Efe kapa efe 2 x 1) (2) 2.3 2.3.1 Sebopeho sa sekele(sickle) disele tse khubelu tsa madi di baka tšitiso methapong ya madi e lebisang ho senyeheng ha ditho tsa bohlokoa / tsamayisa oksijene e nyane e lebisang ho eneji e nyane / anaemia (1) 2.3.2 Stem cell ke disele tse sa khethollweng  tse nang le monyetla wa ho theha disele kapa setho sefe kapa sefe (2) Tokelo ya kopollo e ileditswe Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 DISAENSE TSA BOPHELO P2 (EC/LWETSE 2021) 2.3.3 (a) CUU  (1) (b) Glycine  (1) (c) Haeba Thymine e fetoha Adenine - MRNA / codon e tla ba GUG  sebakeng sa GAG - TRNA / anticodon e tla ba CAC  sebakeng sa CUC - Ka hona, amino acid e tla ba Valine  - sebakeng sa Glutamine  (4) 2.3.4 P1 Phenotype Tona e x Motho e motshehadi tlwahelehilen ya tlwahelehileng  g Genotype HH  x Hh  Meiosis G/gamete H, H x H, h s Fertilisation F1 Genotype HH ; HH ; Hh ; Hh Phenotype Tsohle tse Tlwahelehileng Ba na le 0%* monyetla wa ho ban a lefu la P1 and F1  Meiosis and fertilisation efe kapa efe 5 + *1 e ya o tlama KAPA P1 Phenotype Tona e x Motho e motshehadi tlwahelehilen ya tlwahelehileng  g Genotype HH  x Hh  Meiosis G/gametes H, H x H, h Fertilisation F1 Gametes H h H HH Hh H HH Hh Correct genotypes  Phenotype Tsohle tse Tlwahelehileng Ba na le 0% * monyetla wa ho ban a lefu la P1 and F1 Meiosis and fertilisation *1 e ya o tlama + efe kapa efe 5 (6) Tokelo ya kopollo e ileditswe Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LWETSE 2021) DISAENSE TSA BOPHELO P2 7 2.4 2.4.1 Karyogram  / Karyotype (1) 2.4.2 - Dichromosome pair 23  ho na le - dichromosome tse pedi X / XX / dichromosome di lekana ka boholo (2) 2.4.3 - Hobane ho na le dihlopha tse medi tsa dichromosome / 46 dichromosomes / ke dipalo tsa diploid / homologous - eseng sehlopha se le seng sa dichromosome  / eseng dichromosome tse 23 / eseng haploid (2) 2.4.4 Down’s Syndrome / trisomy 21 (1) 2.4.5 - Dihomologous chromosome tsa bo-21  - o seke wa arola  / non-disjunction - Sena se tla lebisa ho gamete e le ngwe e nang le dikopi tse pedi tsa dichromosome 21  - Ha gamete ena e kopana le gamete  e tlwahelehileng - zygote e hlahiswang e tla ba le kopi e eketsehileng ya chromosome dikopi tse 21 / 3 tsa chromosome 2 (Efe kapa efe tse 3 x 1) (3) 2.5 2.5.1 Dihybrid  Cross (1) 2.5.2 Ho na le ditshobotsi tse pedi tse fapaneng  – ho croswa (1) 2.5.3 (a) bbtt  (2) (b) Ka bobedi e Ntšo ebile ha ho na di patches tse tshweu  KAPA Motswadi 1 – O motsho ebile ha ho na ditshwantsho tse tshweu  Motswadi 2 – O motsho ebile ha ho na ditshwantsho tse tshweu  (2) 2.5.4 - Kaha jase e ntsho e laolwa ke allele  e ka sehloohong - katsana e ka ba homozygous / BBtt kapa heterozygous / Bbtt (2) 2.5.5 - Di alleles tse pedi tse mabapi le di homologous chromosomes di arohane  - nakong ya sebopeho sa meiosis  / anaphase / gamete, e le hore - ho na le allele e le ngwe feela ya para ka ngwe e teng ho gamete  / bana o ka fumana mokhelo o le mong ho motswadi ka mong (3) [50] Tokelo ya kopollo e ileditswe Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 DISAENSE TSA BOPHELO P2 (EC/LWETSE 2021) POTSO 3 3.1 3.1.1 (Kerafo e bontsha) palo ya dihlopha tsa monarch butterfly ho tloha 1994 ho fehlela 2010  (1) 3.1.2 (a) Tshebediso ya sebolayalehola (herbicides)  (1) (b) Palo ya dihlopha tsa monarch butterflies  (1) 3.1.3 - Palo ya monarch butterfly colonies e fokotsehile ho tloha ka 1996  - pele dibolaya lehola di sebediswa ka 1998.  (2) 3.1.4 - Selo seo DNA / genome ya sona e fetotsweng(modified)  - ho hlahisa tshobotsi e lakatsehang  (2) 3.1.5 - Tlhodisano e nyane ya dijalo le lehola  / ho tla ba le yield e ngata - ho lebisang keketsehong ya phaello ya dihwai (farmers)  (1) 3.2 3.2.1 Ho ne ho se na dijo tse lekaneng hore ba ka di ja  (1) 3.2.2 - Mekholutswane a ne a arotswe ke metsi  - mme ka hona, ho ne ho se na ho nyallana  (2) 3.2.3 - Sehlekehlekeng sena ho na le phapang ka boholo ba Gymnodactylus amarali  / mekhodutswane - Mekholutswane e meng e ne e na le dihlooho tse nyane ha tse ding di ne di na le dihlooho tse kholoanyane  - Ha ho ne ho na le bohlwa (termites) bo bongata dihlekehlekeng  - Tse nang le dihlooho tse nyane di shwele hobane ba ne ba ka ja feela bohlwa(termites) bo bonyenyane - Tse nang le dihlooho tse kholo ba pholohileba ne ba ka ja bohlwa bo boholo ba ile ba ikatisa mme ba fetisa semelo sa bona sa dihlooho tse kholoho bana ba bona  - Qetellong ha nako e ntse e feta ho ile ha ba le karolo e kholo ya mekholutswane ledihlooho tse kholoanyane  (Efe kapa efe 5 x 1) (5) 3.2.4 - Haeba mefuta ya dihlekehleke e ka kopana le mefuta ya naha  - me ba hlahisa peo e nonneng (fertile) ke mofuta o tshwanang  / haeba ba etsa jwalo - ha e hlahise bana ba nonneng (fertile), ha se mofuta o tshwanang (2) Tokelo ya kopollo e ileditswe Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LWETSE 2021) DISAENSE TSA BOPHELO P2 9 3.3 3.3.1 Homo sapiens  (1) 3.3.2 - ho kgona ho lla  / loma / hlafuna - lijo tse tala raw (2) 3.3.3 Tabole  Batho Korilla 1. Cranium e kholo /boko 1. Cranium e nyane /boko 2. Sefahleho se sephara/ 2. Sefahleho se sekameng / Moepa wa phatla o tlase Phatla matswapong haholo Ho ya morao Ka morao 3. Maporogo a phatla a 3. Metse e meholo e mengata manyane e phatlalalitswe phatlalatsa phatlalatsa  4. Mahlahare a nyane 4. Mahlahare e hlahella haholo  (less protruding haholwanyane jaws  / jaws) / Prognathous prognathous 5. Mohlahare o tlase o na le 5. Mohlahare o tlase ha o na sediba-ntshetswa pele hantle ntshetswa pele chin  chin  (Tshwaya tsa pele tse THARO fela) Tabole + (Efe le efe 3 x 2) (7) 3.3.4 - Lesela(thumb) le hanyetswang  - Matsoho a potolohang ka bolokolohi  - Manonyeletso a litsweng a lumella ho potoloha ha forearm  - Potoloha matsoho bonyane 180 °  - (Flat) manala ho fapana le manala  / menwana e hlobotseng - Dinomoro tse hlano / pentadacty  (Tshwaya tsa pele tse PEDI fela) (efe kapa efe 2 x 1) (2) 3.4 3.4.1 - Australopithecus - Ardipithecus  (2) 3.4.2 4  mya (1) 3.4.3 (4,5 – 1) = 3,5 my (2) Tokelo ya kopollo e ileditswe Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 DISAENSE TSA BOPHELO P2 (EC/LWETSE 2021) 3.4.4 - Foramen magnum e se e fihlile botlaaseng ba lehata  / e se e le pele haholo e le hore hlooho e ka tshwarwa e eme hantle.  Cord / boko o lesapong la mokokotlo (spinal cord) le ka tsamayellana le boko (brain) / mokokotlo ho kenella lehata ka lehlakoreng le leng - Boemo ba senyepa sa pelvic bo sutumelletse tlase  / tlase meleng wa mmele wa mmele  kahoo ho loketse ho jara boima ba holimo mmele  - The noka e se e bōpehileng jwaloka kopi / sephara le e khutswanyane  e leng etsa hore ho loketse ho jara bokong / boima ba 'mele wa ka holimo  / bakeng sa kabo e molemo ya boima ba mele e ka holimo - Mokokotlo o ile wa fetoha sebopeho sa S  / kholo e kholo ya mapolanka mokokotlong bakeng sa ho leka-lekanya hantle / ho tshehetsa boima ba mele bo holimo Tshwaya tsa pele tse PEDI fela (Efe le e fe 2 x 2) (4) 3.4.5 (a) Australopithecus africanus  (1) (b) Sterkfontein  Caves (1) (c) Robert Broom / John T Robinson (1) 3.5 3.5.1 Batho ba sejwale-jwale ba simolohile Afrika  ebe ba fallela dikhonthinenteng tse ding  (2) 3.5.2 Fossil evidence  mitochondrial DNA / mtDNA Tshwaya tse PEDI feela (2) 3.5.3 Americas  (1) 3.5.4 (200 000 – 45 000)  years = 155 000  years (2) [49] KAKARETSO YA KAROLO B: 100 KAKARETSO YOHLE: 150 Tokelo ya kopollo e ileditswe Phetla